Bertha von suttner's spiritual daughters: The feminist pacifism of Anita Augspurg, Lida Gustava Heymann, and Helene Stöcker at the International Congress of Women at The Hague, 1915

Abstract

Three German women with significant contributions to the German women's movement became active in the work of pacifism at the International Congress of Women at The Hague in 1915, a commitment that continued throughout the rest of their lives, Anita Augspurg, Lida Gustava Heymann, and Helene Stöcker addressed the Congress in statements that can be termed feminist pacifism, for their opposition to war grew out of their opposition to social and political structures that oppressed women. While their positions are not identical to those taken by the pre-war pacifist. Bertha von Suttner, there is an echo of her thinking in the voices of these women; and their work at the Congress takes Suttner's legacy of pacifist activism another step further.