Berne Convention Research Articles

Genesis of legal protection of animated audiovisual works

The article is devoted to studying of the history of legal protection of animated audiovisual works in the course of development of technologies for production of such works. The author establishes that the creation of ‘live’ images, which was carried out to conduct scientific experiments in physics and mathematics, eventually became the starting point for the development of animation and cinematography. The history of animation is divided into six main periods. These periods naturally do not coincide with the stages of development of legal protection of objects created by animation and cinematography. It is determined that the stages of animation development as a field of creative activity and a business area are distinguished by the criteria of technology and economic development. They are also associated with the development of cinematography due to the similarity of the production process. The conclusions reflect that it is difficult to divide the genesis of the legal protection of animated audiovisual works into stages due to the diversity of legal provisions in different jurisdictions. Using the example of the evolution of national legislation of certain countries of the world and the provisions of the Berne Convention, the article reveals theoretical approaches to the legal protection of animated audiovisual works. The article provides an overview of the following approaches: 1) protection of a cinematographic work (film) as a dramatic work if it is original and does not infringe the rights of the authors of dramatic works on which it was created; 2) protection of an animated work (film) as a photographic work, according to which protection is provided for a cinematographic work that does not have any features of originality; 3) protection of an animated work (film) as a moving image, which is inherent in US law; 4) protection of an animated work (film) as a cinematographic work, which provides for the protection of such a work as a separate object; 5) protection of an animated audiovisual work, which is a new approach to legal protection. It is concluded that the reason for the diversity of terminology such as cinematographic work, film, moving image, and audiovisual work in modern legislation is the result of the historical ambiguity of approaches to legal protection of this type of work.

THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (TRIPS)

he paper delves into the development and intricacies of international legal frameworks for intellectual property (IP) rights protection and commercialization, focusing on agreements like the Paris and Berne Conventions. It outlines the evolution from initial measures safeguarding industrial property to broader copyright and trademark protections, facilitated by entities such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is highlighted for establishing minimum standards for IP protection and enforcement, integrating provisions for dispute resolution, and managing the balance between IP holders' interests and the public good. TRIPS' role in addressing challenges posed by differing national norms and its efforts to mitigate IP rights abuse through limitations and exceptions, known as the Three-Step Test, are emphasized. This analysis underscores the importance of a fair and balanced IP system that promotes global innovation and creativity, acknowledging the need for a harmonious integration of varied national laws within the global trade and IP protection landscape.

COPYRIGHT PROTECTION AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL: LEGAL MECHANISMS AND POLITICAL CHALLENGES

Copyright protection at the international level is a crucial aspect of the legal system in the context of globalization and the development of digital technologies. In today’s information society, ensuring adequate copyright protection is critically important due to the rapid dissemination of creative content on the Internet. The main issue lies in creating an effective international legal system that accommodates diverse national legislation and peculiarities. In order to improve copyright protection, it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation. This includes the development of uniform standards for the protection of rights, strengthening cooperation between countries and supporting the implementation of international agreements. It is also important to harmonize national laws, ensure adequate sanctions for rights violations, develop collective rights management organizations and conduct educational campaigns to increase legal awareness. The primary challenge is to harmonize national laws with international standards, which will enable a unified approach to copyright protection and reduce the risk of violations on a global scale. Studying international agreements such as the Berne Convention and the WIPO Copyright Treaty highlights the need for continuous improvement of legal mechanisms to adapt to new technological challenges. Effective copyright protection is critical to the development of creativity, innovation and cultural diversity. The practical significance of this research lies in improving law enforcement practices and developing recommendations for international organizations and national governments. Cooperation between states, international organizations, and the private sector is a key element in enhancing the effectiveness of copyright protection.

ВПЛИВ ПОГОДНИХ УМОВ НА ЧИСЕЛЬНІСТЬ АМФІБІЙ ТА РЕПТИЛІЙ В УМОВАХ ПРИРОДНОГО ЗАПОВІДНИКА «МЕДОБОРИ» ЗА ПЕРІОД 2016–2020 РОКІВ

Based on the results of long-term observations, the influence of weather conditions on the dynamics of the number and biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles over five years in the "Medobory" nature reserve was analyzed. The number, reproduction, metamorphosis stages, and distribution of amphibians and reptiles depend significantly on climatic conditions. Low temperatures in spring inhibit spawning and larval development. During critical periods, a low amount of precipitation (e.g., 15.7 mm in May 2016, 9.1 mm in April 2018, and 12.1 mm in April 2019, compared to the norm of 45 mm) also negatively affects amphibian populations. This factor led to the disappearance of Triturus cristatus Laur., Lissotriton vulgaris L. (an outbreak was noted in 2014), and Bufo viridis Laur. from the reserve (last observed at MG-1 in 2013), as well as the less common Hyla orientalis Bedriaga. Amphibians and reptiles were recorded during the active period along two regular herpetological routes, MG-1 and MG-2, and observations were made during field research, covering all areas suitable for the reproduction and habitat of amphibians. Eleven species of amphibians have been confirmed in the reserve, belonging to six families: Salamandridae, Bombinatoridae, Pelobatidae, Bufonidae, Hylidae, and Ranidae. Among these amphibians, five species are listed in Appendix II of the Berne Convention, and one species (T. cristatus Laur.) is included in the Red Book of Ukraine. The most common amphibian species are Rana temporaria L., Rana arvalis Nilsson, and Bufo bufo L. Frogs such as Pelophylax lessonae Camerano and Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas occasionally occur within the reserve, as they require an aquatic environment even after reproduction. There are seven species of reptiles in the reserve and one in the immediate vicinity, out of the ten recorded in the Ternopil region. These reptiles occupy the most suitable habitats for their survival. The species represent five families: Emydidae (freshwater turtles), Anguidae (spindly lizards), Lacertidae (true lizards), Colubridae (snakes), and Viperidae (vipers). Common species include Lacerta agilis Andrz., Natrix natrix L., and Anguis fragilis L. Six species of reptiles are included in Appendix II of the Berne Convention, and the common copperhead (Coronella austriaca Laur.) is included in the Red Book of Ukraine.

THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW ON NATIONAL LAW

The article examines the impact of international legal norms in the field of intellectual property on the national legislation. The focus is on analyzing key international treaties, such as the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The mechanisms of adapting national legal systems to the requirements of international standards are explored, including legislative reforms and changes in enforcement practices.

Intermediary safe harbour from copyright infringement in India—Alternative to the interpretative conundrum

AbstractThe Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platforms that allow copyright owners to reach a large number of users and increase their economic fortune, contritely; enable the potential infringers preferring free‐riding to upload and distribute copyrighted materials. Under various theories of direct and secondary copyright infringement, the platforms now loosely called intermediaries are likely to become liable for copyright infringement. Like other jurisdictions, Indian law contains specific provisions to protect the intermediaries from such unanticipated liability. However, this intermediary liability and immunity law got muddied by inconsistent interpretations of the two operating statutes. Taking clues from the cross‐jurisdictional insights, this paper looks at the interpretative conundrum. Furthermore, the paper contends how the preferred interpretation is incompatible with the Berne Convention and Agreement on Trade‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights recommended three‐step doctrine for creating copyright exceptions. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a legislative intervention to clear the clouds of confusion in view of India's endeavour to enact a new law on ICT.

The CJEU’s Strict and Effective Interpretations of the Exceptions and Limitations of the InfoSoc Directive: Origin Over Flexibility

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) maintains strict interpretation and effective interpretation to guide its harmonisation of the exceptions and limitations (E&Ls) in Art. 5 of Directive 2001/29/EC (the InfoSoc Directive). Its application of the two discourses is often regarded as enabling flexibility in copyright at different levels. This article rejects this argument and posits that the CJEU maintains them to harmonise the InfoSoc E&Ls with different origins. To verify the hypothesis, it categorises the discourses guiding the CJEU’s harmonisation by their defining features and the E&Ls of the InfoSoc Directive based on whether they have their origins in the Berne Convention. Based on the categorisations, it empirically examines the distribution of strict interpretation and effective interpretation in different categories of E&Ls. The distribution reveals a correlation between the application of strict interpretation and the E&Ls without origin in the Berne Convention and between the application of effective interpretation and the E&Ls with origin in the Berne Convention. Based on the correlation, applying effective interpretation should enable greater flexibility than strict interpretation when it is applied to the E&Ls without origin in the Berne Convention, especially to permit uses enabled by new technologies.

Regulatory Approaches to NFT in Indonesia: Considering the Implementation of the French Droit De Suite System?

The development of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) has significantly impacted global economic trade. However, in Indonesia, the regulation surrounding NFT remains insufficient, particularly concerning law enforcement and equitable royalty distribution for commercialized artistic works. This research adopts a normative juridical approach, employing statutory, comparative, and conceptual analysis methods. Findings indicate that NFT, as three-dimensional artistic creations, fall under the protection of the Copyright Act. While Indonesia has addressed NFT regulation in various laws and government regulations, detailed provisions regarding digital transactions involving three-dimensional artworks are lacking. Moreover, inadequate legal safeguards for NFT sales underscore the pressing need for legal reform. Therefore, the adoption of Droit De Suite through legal transplantation is proposed as a prudent strategy for legal modification, offering numerous normative and operational benefits. Droit De Suite is a principle born from the Berne Convention, where the requirement to apply Droit De Suite is that the state must give permission or legally recognize that the state has been regulated in its legislation. In addition, Droit De Suite is the right given to the artist or creator and his heirs to resell copyrighted works that have been produced previously, so that the creator's heirs are entitled to a share of the resale of a work. This approach holds promise for enhancing the legal framework surrounding NFTs and promoting fair treatment of artists and stakeholders in Indonesia's digital economy landscape.

Comparative Analysis of Copyright Regimes in Nigeria, the United States of America and France

This paper deals with a comparative analysis of the copyright regimes Nigeria, the United States of America (U.S.) and France with a view to identifying impart areas from which to derive lessons. The United States is chosen because it is one of the most developed economies where the copyright industry has thoroughly developed to add to the country’s GDP. It has its copyrights roots in the common law, same as Nigeria. France is chosen because, it is a country which is also advanced in copyright development-the place of birth of the first international copyright treaty, the Berne Convention. This is added to the fact that France is a Civil law country and will offer interesting areas of comparison to the common law system.

Deconstructing the Blueprint for Infringement: Remedying Flawed Interpretations of the § 120(a) Exception to Architecture Copyrights

Deconstructing the Blueprint for Infringement: Remedying Flawed Interpretations of the § 120(a) Exception to Architecture Copyrights

Translating Educational and Cultural Literacy Works under Berne, Ius Cogens, and Linguistic Genocide

The lack of works for educational and cultural literacy purposes in their own languages threatens the cultural survival of many vulnerable minority and indigenous groups worldwide. Translation could satisfy related access needs. A strict reading of international copyright law, however, does not facilitate the translation of works into other languages. Yet, it is often forgotten that, in accordance with the integration rule of treaty interpretation, the Berne Convention, and other relevant international intellectual property instruments, would have to be read in the light of internationally protected linguistic human rights in education and for cultural literacy. This mechanism could go some way towards assisting the easier translation of (parts of) works for the stated purposes into other languages. The argument made in this article, however, is that a harmonious reading of existing international copyright law with international human rights law cannot go as far as to sufficiently resolve the access needs of vulnerable groups speaking an endangered language, insofar as translated texts are concerned. In fact, it is contended that the existing regulation of translation under international copyright law is so inimical to the survival of vulnerable groups and their languages that it must be held to promote cultural or linguistic genocide. For that reason, the relevant copyright rules must be considered to conflict with ius cogens, that is, peremptory norms of international law, and to be void in their application to neglected languages. The article makes suggestions as to how countries could design national copyright law regulating translation rights and limitations and exceptions in a way that facilitates translation generally, and into neglected languages specifically. These suggestions are based on a reappraisal of the true character of translation, which must be seen to be highly transformative in nature and resulting in the creation of autonomous new works.

Rare faction of flora of the designed landscape reserve “Balka Shchurovka”

The article is devoted to the study of the modern distribution of certain rare plant species within the "Balka Shchurovka" beam system (near the settlements of Dniprovske, Novomykolaivka of the Verkhnyodniprovska OTG of the Dnipropetrovsk region) and substantiation of the prospects for granting the object the status of a nature conservation area. The natural diversity of the vegetation cover of the designed reserve consists of zonal steppe vegetation, bairach forests, psamophilic and petrophilic communities, and meadow vegetation. According to indicators of biodiversity, the territory b. Shchurovka is one of the most valuable within the borders of Verkhnyodniprovska OTG of Dnipropetrovsk region. In the process of researching the flora of the planned reserve, a number of new locations of species rare for the region and the region were discovered. 26 regionally rare plant species grow here, 13 species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, 3 species from Resolution 6 of the Berne Convention and Annexes of the Habitats Directive, presented in the flora of Ukraine, 1 species from the World Red List. The list of plants of the Dnipropetrovsk region included in the Red Book of Ukraine includes 56 species of vascular plants, of which 13 species grow within the b. Rat, which is 23% of the total number of red book species of Dnipropetrovsk region. An important and interesting feature of the layer of sand exposed on the right slope of the gully is the presence of blocks of red sandstone enriched with iron oxides. Near the sandstone outcrops, a characteristic complex of flora has formed on sandy soil with the participation of Sempervivum ruthenicum Schnittsp. & C.B. Lehm, Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill. s.l., Thymus pallasianus Heinr.Braun, Peucedanum arenarium Waldst. & Kit. (Taeniopetalum arenarium (Waldst. & Kit.) V. N. Tichomirov), Achillea leptophylla M. Bieb. Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Rchb and Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill grow here. s.l. - rare species from the Annexes of the Habitats Directive, Annex I of the Berne Convention, which prefer biotopes with an intact structure as part of rare coenoses. The study of the rare fraction of the flora of the beam system in the context of the conservation of biodiversity of the Right Bank Steppe of the Dnieper region can become the basis of the nature conservation concept of sustainable development of the region.

Rare faction of flora of the designed landscape reserve “Balka Shchurovka”

The article is devoted to the study of the modern distribution of certain rare plant species within the "Balka Shchurovka" beam system (near the settlements of Dniprovske, Novomykolaivka of the Verkhnyodniprovska OTG of the Dnipropetrovsk region) and substantiation of the prospects for granting the object the status of a nature conservation area. The natural diversity of the vegetation cover of the designed reserve consists of zonal steppe vegetation, bairach forests, psamophilic and petrophilic communities, and meadow vegetation. According to indicators of biodiversity, the territory b. Shchurovka is one of the most valuable within the borders of Verkhnyodniprovska OTG of Dnipropetrovsk region. In the process of researching the flora of the planned reserve, a number of new locations of species rare for the region and the region were discovered. 26 regionally rare plant species grow here, 13 species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, 3 species from Resolution 6 of the Berne Convention and Annexes of the Habitats Directive, presented in the flora of Ukraine, 1 species from the World Red List. The list of plants of the Dnipropetrovsk region included in the Red Book of Ukraine includes 56 species of vascular plants, of which 13 species grow within the b. Rat, which is 23% of the total number of red book species of Dnipropetrovsk region. An important and interesting feature of the layer of sand exposed on the right slope of the gully is the presence of blocks of red sandstone enriched with iron oxides. Near the sandstone outcrops, a characteristic complex of flora has formed on sandy soil with the participation of Sempervivum ruthenicum Schnittsp. & C.B. Lehm, Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill. s.l., Thymus pallasianus Heinr.Braun, Peucedanum arenarium Waldst. & Kit. (Taeniopetalum arenarium (Waldst. & Kit.) V. N. Tichomirov), Achillea leptophylla M. Bieb. Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Rchb and Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill grow here. s.l. - rare species from the Annexes of the Habitats Directive, Annex I of the Berne Convention, which prefer biotopes with an intact structure as part of rare coenoses. The study of the rare fraction of the flora of the beam system in the context of the conservation of biodiversity of the Right Bank Steppe of the Dnieper region can become the basis of the nature conservation concept of sustainable development of the region.

Studi Komparasi Hukum atas Perlindungan Hukum Hak Cipta pada Media Elektronik dalam Common Law dan Civil Law

This article aims to compare the legal protection of copyright in electronic media in common law and civil law. This research adopts normative legal research methods. This method is used to understand, explain, and evaluate normative aspects of the legal system. The research results show that the Common Law system relies on precedents and previous court decisions as the main source of law. Copyright laws may be more general and may evolve through court interpretation. Copyright is automatically granted when a creative work is created without formal registration requirements. Meanwhile, the Civil Law system has more detailed and codified coverage of the law. Copyright law is often regulated in specific and detailed copyright statutes. In some Civil Law systems, copyright registration is an important requirement to obtain legal protection. Copyright may not be granted automatically and requires registration steps. Similarities in Copyright Protection The Common Law and Civil Law legal systems lie in the legal system generally recognizing copyright as the exclusive right of the owner of a work to control the use and distribution of his work. In the context of international protection, both Common Law and Civil Law generally follow international agreements such as the Berne Convention to protect copyright across borders.

Copyright Protection for AI-Generated Works: Exploring Originality and Ownership in a Digital Landscape

Abstract This research explores AI-generated originality's impact on copyright regulations. It meticulously examines legal frameworks such as the Berne Convention, EU Copyright Law, and national legislation. Rigorously analyzing cases, including Infopaq International A/S v Danske Dagblades Forening and Levola Hengelo BV v Smilde Foods BV, illuminates evolving originality and human involvement in AI creativity. The study also contemplates global perspectives, drawing from esteemed organizations such as the World Intellectual Property Organization and the European Court of Justice and exploring diverse approaches adopted by individual nations. The paper emphasizes the imperative need for legislative updates to address the challenges and opportunities of AI-generated works. It highlights the pivotal role of international collaboration and public awareness in shaping copyright policies for the AI-driven creativity era. It also offers insights and recommendations for policymakers and researchers navigating this complex terrain.

Legal Protection Of Intellectual Property Rights In Global Business

Intellectual property rights (IPR) are an important asset for business people, both individu-als and companies. IPR can protect intellectual works, such as copyrighted works, patents, brands and industrial designs. The aim of this research is to analyze the legal protection of IPR in global business. This research uses normative legal research methods. Research data was obtained through literature study. Research data was analyzed qualitatively in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The re-search results show that legal protection for intellectual property rights in global business has actually been regulated in various legal sources such as conventions, one of which is regulated by Article 27 (2) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the TRIPS Agreement (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property) convention. Rights), Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. This regulation shows that intellectual property rights are part of human rights that must be protected, respected and fulfilled by the government.

Assessment of coal mining impact on the geoecological transformation of the Emerald network ecosystem

Purpose. Geoecological assessment of impact on the ecosystem transformation of a part of Emerald Network object “Samarskyi Lis – UA0000212” caused by coal mining at the section of “Ternivska” mine (Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine) using the methods of remote sensing of the Earth in conditions of limited access to the study object due to the state of martial law in Ukraine. Methodology. A complex of standardized field, paper, laboratory and statistical research methods was used. When studying aquatic vegetation, generally accepted methods for describing the species and coenotic composition of vegetation and hydrobotanical mapping were used. The study on soil vegetation was carried out with the selection and description of the main phytocenoses, features of their composition and distribution on the territory. Floristic studies were carried out according to the method for collecting herbarium material. Field routes were carried out on the land surface along the mining of the coal bed with the recording of destructive changes in the landscape (falls, top-soil breaks, sufosis manifestations, cracks, lowering of the relief) and plant groups – the colour and condition of tree, shrub and grass vegetation. In order to compare visual observation data and obtain representative and reliable research results, the facility was monitored additionally using modern geoinformation systems. A satellite observation tool was used; it allowed searching, processing, and obtaining information from satellite data according to various indexes: WRI, NDWI, MNDWI, NDSI. Findings. Negative consequences of the impact of the coal mine “Ternivska” on the geological and ecological transformation of the Emerald network ecosystem “Samarskyi Lis – UA0000212” have been established. It has been proven that long-term underflooding and flooding of lands leads to a change in the species composition of the forest stand, the death of the understory and grass layer, and the complete destruction of the existing plant and animal communities. In flooded areas of oak forests and pine plantations, forest species die out and wetland plant species spread. Over three years (2020–2023), the area of visible and established flooding according to remote sensing data has increased from 1 to 6 hectares, respectively. Originality. Dynamics of the process of the land surface subsidence and protected area flooding has been established according to the data of open-source geoinformation systems and the comparison of various satellite data indexes (WRI, NDWI, MNDWI, NDSI). Gradual changes in the species composition of the forest stand, the death of the understory and the grass layer were revealed. It has been confirmed that long-term flooding leads to the complete destruction of existing plant and animal communities, the destruction of compound complexes of soil mesofauna makes development impossible for the terrestrial invertebrate species that lived in these biotopes before their destruction, including species from the Red List of Ukraine and protected by the Berne Convention. Practical value. In the conditions of limited access for conducting direct geodetic and engineering-geological studies, the methodology of using modern GIS by combining various spectral channels (indexes) is substantiated to determine and study the dynamics of the underflooding (flooding) process in the territory. In combination with traditional field geobotanical research, the results of monitoring observations of the coal mining activity and its impact on the geoecological transformation of the ecosystem of the Emerald Network object are presented for the first time in the region. The negative impact of mining activity on natural conservation areas, which leads to the death and gradual change in the species composition of plants, has been determined.

Perlindungan Hukum Lisensi Hak Cipta Lagu dan Musik Daerah Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta Dan Konvensi Bern

This paper analyzes legal issues regarding the legal protection for folk song and music licenses in Indonesia. Indonesia which has cultural diversity is expressed through several folk songs whose creators are anonymous, so they are very susceptible to being changed, re-performed in a way that is inconsistent with the values ​​that live in society and even claimed by irresponsible foreigners. This research is a normative legal research, using a statutory approach. Based on primary and secondary legal materials, then the results of the research show that the copyright of folk songs and music is a protected object in article 40 of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright (Copyright Law), and folk songs and music whose creators are anonymous is regulated in Article 38 and Article 39 of Copyright Law. In the Berne Convention folk songs and music whose authors are anonymous are protected in Article 15 Paragraph (4.a) which regulates the protection of unpublished works, and anonymous authors from participating countries of the Berne Convention.

Copyright as democracy of aspiration: Rethinking EU law’s approach to a protected “work”

Copyright has become flawed. Technical production hurdles have disappeared, so we live in a creator economy, where anyone can be an author. Legal boundaries become more important and need to be narrowed. But EU copyright law is developing in the opposite direction, encouraged by the ECJ case law. The concept of a “work”, which was supposed to protect valuable art, has become blurred; as well as works of art, copyright now protects digital traces of everyday life. This is not only a problem of legitimacy for copyright law itself, but entails risks for the fundamental rights of third parties since, in the digital age, we communicate more and more via copyright works. To mitigate these risks, the subject matter of copyright protection needs rethinking. Copyright must take its roots seriously: they lie in the literary, scientific, and artistic domain, as described by the Berne Convention.Without making aesthetic judgements, judges must determine whether someone’s work shows“a will to form”.To be accepted as a“work” and to be protected by copyright law, a subject matter does not need to be a masterpiece, but should at least aspire to be a valuable work. Copyright can thus be understood as “democracy of aspiration”. Copyright, intellectual property, concept of work, art, author’s rights, Berne Convention

Violation of Copyright in Pakistan: Issues and Future Prospects

This research delves into the key role of copyright protection in nurturing creativity, innovation, and economic growth within Pakistan's creative industries, shedding light on persistent challenges in the country's legal framework. Despite existing laws encompassing literature, visual arts, music, and film, the absence of precise definitions for originality and fair use has led to widespread confusion, impeding effective enforcement and discouraging legal recourse against infringers. The study scrutinizes the impact of international agreements, such as the Berne Convention and the WIPO Copyright Treaty, on Pakistan's copyright landscape, recognizing positive developments while pinpointing ongoing challenges like resource constraints, limited public awareness, and rampant piracy. The ramifications of copyright infringement on the creative sector are explored, emphasizing financial losses, diminished investment, and a decline in high-quality productions. The paper advocates for legal and policy reforms, encompassing clearer definitions and stringent enforcement mechanisms, alongside capacity building and public awareness initiatives to fortify copyright protection. Furthermore, it recommends international collaboration with internet service providers to combat online infringement, drawing insights from successful strategies in the US and the UK, exemplified by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The paper concludes by underscoring the imperative for robust copyright protection in Pakistan's creative industry, proposing actionable avenues for enhancement. The chosen qualitative research methodology aims to optimize outcomes by addressing previous limitations and synthesizing various research approaches for comprehensive insights.