Berne Convention Research Articles

Balancing the Interest of Copyright Holder – A Case Analysis of Delhi University’s Photocopy Case

Indian copyright law is at parity with the international standards as contained in TRIPS. The (Indian) Copyright Act, 1957, pursuant to the amendments in 1999, 2002 and 2012, fully reflects the Berne Convention for Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, 1886 and the Universal Copyrights Convention, to which India is a party. India is also a party to the Geneva Convention for the Protection of Rights of Producers of Phonograms and is an active member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Work protected in India,Under the Copyright Act, 1957 the term includes an artistic work comprising of a painting, a sculpture, a drawing (including a diagram, a map, a chart or plan), an engraving, a photograph, a work of architecture or artistic craftsmanship, dramatic work, literary work (including computer programmes, tables, compilations and computer databases), musical work (including music as well as graphical notations), sound recording and cinematographic film.

LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS OF ECONOMIC COPYRIGHT: BALANCE OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC INTERESTS

The article is devoted to the research of the balance between private and public interests through the concept of exceptions and limitations on economic rights of author. The concept of free use of works applied in the legislation of Ukraine is analyzed, as well as exceptions and limitations on copyrights inherent in the copyright of the European Union. It is concluded that the concept of «free use» in the context of copyright is not used in the legislation of most countries of the world, and is inherent in the Ukrainian Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights». Copyright limitations and exceptions in the specific cases are envisaged in the laws of different countries of the world by the following two main systems: a system of general abstract principles implemented in common law countries ('fair use' in the US and 'fair dealing' in the UK, Canada). The first approach is characterized by the fact that a generally exhaustive list of ways of free use of works is provided for in a legislative act and does not allow for the consideration of additional general principles. The second, implies that the court applies the general principles (first and foremost the principle of fair use) and pre-established criteria to determine the lawfulness of a use. The three-step test of the Berne Convention and its relevance to the copyright of Ukraine and the EU are being analyzed. The three-step test, as one of the means of ensuring a balance of private and public interest in copyright, can be used both in law-making and in court-specific dispute resolution. The different approaches to copyright exceptions proposed in the draft Wittem Group's copyright code are explored compared to those existing in the European Union Directive on the harmonization of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society. It is noted that the draft Wittem Group's Copyright Code differs from that adopted in the EU and Ukraine in that it provides for an open list of cases of use of copyright objects, thereby altering the existing balance of interests towards the public. Copyright restrictions in the said Directive apply to specific proprietary rights under certain conditions, which may include the purpose, subjects and specific scope, which provides for a list of exceptions and restrictions that are considered to be closed and not subject to extended interpretation in their content.

International legal protection of copyrights in the medical sphere of BRICS countries

The subject of this research is multilateral international acts in the area of copyright that were joined by the BRICS countries – Berne Convention, Universal Copyright Convention, TRIPS Agreement, etc., as well as bilateral agreements between the governments of Russia and Brazil in 2007, Russia and India in 1994, Russia and China in 1992, Russia and South Africa in 2014, which regulate different legal aspects of realization of joint scientific and technological activity, namely in the sphere of medicine. Attention is focused on the problematic moments associated with the spread of copyright regime upon certain objects of medical activity. The scientific novelty of this work consists in articulation of the problem and approaches to its research. The authors comes to the conclusion that the BRICS countries have formed a sufficient international legal system for the protection of copyrights with one, but serious flaw substantiated by the refusal of India and Brazil to join the Agreement of World Intellectual Property Organization. Proliferation of scientific information through the Internet requires more stringent regulation on the international level, since it inflicts substantial damage to the authors of scientific works.

СПЕЦИФІКА НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ОБМЕЖЕННЯ МАЙНОВИХ ПРАВ НА ТВОРИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes some issues and peculiarities of the legal regulation for the restriction on the author's property rights to works in Ukraine through the lens of European and international approaches. The author analyzes the legislation of Ukraine, international and European regulatory sources, directly investigates the completeness of the legal regulation of the lawful free use of the author's work and the restriction of his/her property rights to the work (as a consequence of his/her intellectual activity). The article examines the existing international treaties, ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and which are recognized as a part of the national legislation of Ukraine. It also analyzes codified and other legal acts adopted to implement the provisions of the Constitution and international agreements in order to determine the peculiarities of legislative regulation and consistency of terminology in the sphere of restriction of the author's property rights to works in Ukraine. As a result of the research, the author has highlighted the main inaccuracies and gaps in the legal regulation for the restriction on property rights to works and the free use of works as a copyright object. Namely, it is traced that in Ukrainian legislation there is a certain inconsistency between the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights" and the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine, which use identically in meaning the concepts of "free use of works", "restriction of property rights", "exceptions and restrictions on property rights", "the lawful use of a work without the author's consent", which is not in line with international experience. The author concludes on the full implementation of the provisions of the Berne Convention on the three-stage test in national regulations and further improvement of the legislation in order to avoid disagreements with the European legislation in the investigated subject, which should be implemented in the Ukrainian legislation. Keywords: property rights to works, restriction on author's rights to works, free use of works, cases of free use of works, a three-step test, international treaties governing the restriction on property rights to works in Ukraine.

Challenges of the Intellectual Property System in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

In the 21st century, with the rapid growth of computer computing speed and the enhancement in cloud computing infrastructure, the artificial intelligence based on simulated human neural networks has developed to a new stage. Being the foundation and core of the new technological revolution, the artificial intelligence has been widely applied in economy, society and law areas. In the future, the artificial intelligence may completely emancipate the human beings by directly replacing human’s mental activity to a certain degree. As the product of the development of science and technology, the intellectual property system develops continuously with the progress of science and technology. Due to the increasing scope and extent of the application of artificial intelligence in intellectual property work, it is likely to make a difference on the existing intellectual property system. However, the current intellectual property system in various countries are still based on the international conventions in the electrical age like Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (the 1967 Act) and the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (the 1971 Act). Therefore, the artificial intelligence not only bring great challenges in the aspect of the subject, object and right content to the intellectual property system but also provide a few of new opportunities to this system.

Is There an Actual Need of Registration? Reflections on Free Formality Principle

Free Formality Principle, as a fundamental principle of Berne Convention, since its introduction has been a commodity for the protection of the works of the Union, and same time a strong obstacle for other countries to join the Convention, because of their strict and mandatory registration system. In consideration of changes, digitalization, and all different possibilities of creating, sharing and infringing works, this paper aims to highlight the need of registration of the works. By comparing and analyzing the domestic laws of two countries: Albania and U.S., both part of Berne Convention, the paper will precisely point out the differences not only in their ways of requiring registration of the works, but also in the specific effects they create. The paper will put forth some of the benefits of copyright registration and will try to explain that encouraging registration is actually not a burden, but an opportunity to provide a “healthy situation” with mutual benefits, both for copyright holders and public interest. The paper suggests introducing incentives to the registration system, which can preserve FFP, but also can make copyright holders feel interested to register their works.

Restrictive Conditions for Free Uses of Copyrighted Materials under Omani Law and Their Implications for Users’ of Copyrighted Materials

Omani Copyright and Neighboring Rights Law of 2008 contains a list of exceptions to the exclusive rights of copyright holders. These exceptions allow people to copy and use copyrighted materials in certain cases without paying any fees or obtaining any permission from the copyright holders. The exceptions cover free uses for purposes like teaching, education, quotation in another work, dissemination of news etc. However, the Omani Copyright and Neighboring Rights Law puts many conditions for such free uses. Some of these conditions mirror similar conditions under the Berne Convention and other copyright conventions to which Oman is a party. Other conditions under Omani law are more restrictive than those that appear under international conventions. These additional conditions restrict the scope of free uses of copyrighted materials in Oman. Yet, some countries like USA and Canada, despite their being parties to the same international conventions, have much wider exceptions under their national legislation. The paper, therefore, recommends that Oman should follow the legislative approach of those countries in order to widen the scope of copyright exceptions for the benefits of users of copyrighted materials in Oman.

Restrictive Conditions for Free Uses of Copyrighted Materials under Omani Law and Their Implications for Users’ of Copyrighted Materials

Omani Copyright and Neighboring Rights Law of 2008 contains a list of exceptions to the exclusive rights of copyright holders. These exceptions allow people to copy and use copyrighted materials in certain cases without paying any fees or obtaining any permission from the copyright holders. The exceptions cover free uses for purposes like teaching, education, quotation in another work, dissemination of news etc. However, the Omani Copyright and Neighboring Rights Law puts many conditions for such free uses. Some of these conditions mirror similar conditions under the Berne Convention and other copyright conventions to which Oman is a party. Other conditions under Omani law are more restrictive than those that appear under international conventions. These additional conditions restrict the scope of free uses of copyrighted materials in Oman. Yet, some countries like USA and Canada, despite their being parties to the same international conventions, have much wider exceptions under their national legislation. The paper, therefore, recommends that Oman should follow the legislative approach of those countries in order to widen the scope of copyright exceptions for the benefits of users of copyrighted materials in Oman.

Pinus sylvestris L. var. cretacea Kalen. In The ”Kreidova Flora” Branch of Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve: Current State and Conservation Measures

The "Kreidova Flora" (Cretaceous Flora) branch of Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve was created in 1988 to protect unique cretaceous vegetation, including pine forests on chalk. The Standing Committee of the Berne Convention in 2018 added these forests to the list of endangered habitats as “G3.4G Pinus sylvestris forest on chalk in the steppe zone“. For the last 40 years, the area covered with pine trees has doubled, but there are threats of invasive plants, periodical fires and other losses as a result of military actions since 2014. Satellite remote sensing data (Landsat archive) were used to analyze the distribution patterns and disturbances over 40-year period. The assessment of the stability and risks in this habitat shows its rareness, narrow prevalence, poor reproduction, very high (R> 83%) danger of destruction, and strong sensitivity to the environmental changes. Special set of monitoring and conservation measures are considered to provide successful protection of the habitat as a part of Emerald network.

Annotated list of macromycetes of the «Ayudag Mountain» landscape reserve

The first annotated list of macromycetes of the «Ayudag Mountain» State Nature landscape reserve is presented in this article. There are 196 species and 5 varieties, 13 from which are new to Crimea. 7 species are included in Red Books of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol: Amanita caesarea , Boletus regius , Ganoderma lucidum , Hericium erinaceus , Lactarius chrysorrheus , Phaeolepiota aurea , Rubroboletus satanas ; Hericium erinaceus is included in Appendix I to the Berne Convention.

Ecolo- gical, coenotical and habitats characteristics of the Sliporid River valley as a perspective object of Ukra- inian Emerald Network

The physical and geographical characteristics of the Sliporid River valley are presented, which represent a combination of ravine-beam systems, valleys, floodplains and various types of waters and spontaneously formed forests. The studies results showed relatively good preservation of the floodplain and loess slopes vegetation along the Sliporid river and large areas of significant representation of the natural types Emerald Network settlements here. The Emerald network habitat preservation requires the creation of special protection areas, as well as species which are entered to protected species lists (regional, state and international). The variety of ecotopes and habitats that are included in the habitats list of the Berne Convention Resolution No. 4 allows to consider this territory as a promising object of the Ukraine Emerald Network. The list of 12 Emerald habitats (C1.222, C1.32, C1.33, C2.34, C3.4, D5.2, E1.2, E2.2, F3.247, F9.1, G1.11, G1.41) and their general characteristics are given. Four plants species were identified from Resolution No. 6 of the Berne Convention (Emerald Network species): Echium russicum, Iris hungarica, Jurinea cyanoides, Pulsatilla patens, the last two species also belong to protected species by Anex I of the Berne Convention. The botanical component characteristic of the vegetation types variety and the rare plants list of this territory are given. Thus, 9 species of plants are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, 1 in the European Red List, 2 in Anex I of the Berne Convention, 4 in the Emerald Network of Ukraine. To preserve the vegetation and ensure its transformation into a natural state, it is expedient to give this territory the status of the Emerald Network of Ukraine and to develop and implement a perspective plan of this territory management.

Critically Discuss the Continued Relevance of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886)

This essay is divided into 4 parts of discussion, reflecting the contribution of Berne Convention over the years in the protecting of intellectual work internationally. Part I is a brief description of History of the convention, how it come into existence and the challenges around it. Part II is about the relevance and presence of the convention in different countries. This part also elaborates on the tensions and challenges which these nations faced in order to connect the convention with domestic laws and needs of their respective citizens. This, part of the essay also addresses the critical question, despite this convention being a big success, why some developing countries and developed country like the U.S, took so long to adopt it. Part III explains the challenges of Taiwan which has not signed the Berne Convention till date. Part IV is analysis of the fact whether this convention holds any importance in today’s time. This has been done by looking at relatively resent and famous cases, since the existence of the Berne Convention. Despite concluding that convention holds a lot of importance even today, this part raises a very important issue on one of the main principle of the Berne Convention i.e. the member nation has to protect the works of other members of the union in the same manner as it protects intellectual works of their own authors. The issue is, how can a judicial body of a country which is influenced and runs according to domestic laws of that very country, decide and justify matter form a different country.

Fish in water bodies of the Emerald Network of Ukraine

The paper provides information on the structure of sites of the Emerald Network of Ukraine as special areas of conservation, focused at ensuring the protection of natural fauna, flora and habitats. The development of this network was initiated for the implementation of a set of resolutions of the Berne Convention (1979), and principles of its formation are basically similar to Natura 2000. As of 2019, a total of 271 Emerald sites were designated in Ukraine. According to studies, the water bodies of the network are inhabited by 25 fish species. The data were extracted from up-to-date ichthyological publications on the distribution of fish species in Ukrainian water bodies, catalogues of collections of various zoological museums, regional faunal cadastres, and own research. Analysis of the fish species composition in the sites has shown that the most common and found in more than 60% of the sites are Cobitis taenia, Rhodeus sericeus amarus, Misgurnus fossilis. This can be explained by characteristics of their biology and tolerance to environmental conditions. Endemic species are extremely rare in the Emerald sites and narrowly localized in several river basins. In particular, they are Zingel zingel, Umbra krameri, Eudontomyzon danfordi, Hucho hucho, and Leuciscus souffia recorded in 5-6 sites of the network. Further research is required that will be focused at the development of an integral network of Emerald sites in Ukraine. For this purpose, ichthyological reserves of general and local significance may be considered as promising areas. The analysis of the species number and distribution in water bodies of Ukraine is quite relative and requires additional special field studies. In addition, a qualitative assessment of the number of fish species in promising areas requires ichthyological research methods to be unified and an effective monitoring system be introduced.

THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE PROTECTED AREAS’ (EMERALD NETWORK) DEVELOPMENT FOR AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES ON THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF VARIOUS FACTORS’ INFLUENCE

Creation and expansion of the Emerald Network (EN) objects is one of the most promising directions of the nature conservation development in Ukraine according to European standards. The aim of EN objects designing is to assess the state of conservation of habitats and flora/fauna species’ populations on a pan-European level. It is assumed that the EN should cover at least 60% of the populations of species and the area of habitats mentioned in Resolutions (4 and 6) of the Berne Convention (1979). Later on, the EN will be integrated into Natura 2000 system. The other countries’ experience is of great importance in creating such territories. Since 2004 Latvia have joined this network and included 333 sites (12% of its territory). In Ukraine, such network is only being developed. Four Ukrainian biogeographical regions are inhabited by 6 amphibian and 5 reptile species for which according to Emerald Biogeographical Seminar ALP (Carpathians) - CON - PAN, 11-13 May 2016, Chisinau, Moldova, the EN in not sufficient, being indicated as IN MOD (moderately developed) in 90% of cases. A total of 63 suggestions of new EN (1628256,4 ha) objects aiming on herpetofauna conservation among others were designed during 2018-2019 and now are waiting to become candidate sites and later on – a part of Ukrainian EN. Most of these sites represent valuable territories of wild nature in the rivers’ floodplains. For Latvia and Ukraine conservation of marginal populations of the following species is important: crested newt Triturus cristatus (Laurenti, 1768), fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina (Linnaeus, 1761), pond turtle Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758). In the work the importance and the ways in which the EN can act for the above mentioned species’ conservation are highlighted, taking into account experience of European Union, future trends in the influence of anthropogenic factors, invasive species and climate change.

USE OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTED WORKS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

Copyright is one of the intellectual property rights whose main activity is to promote creativity and protect the ownership of the author. However, these rights are not absolute and are subject to certain restrictions.In the Berne Convention, Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and also WIPO Copyright Treaty embodied so-called “three-step test” allowing exceptions to copyright protection. They state that exceptions to copyright protection are admissible only in specific cases; if they comply with the rules of normal exploitation of the author's work; and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate rights of the author.While respecting the restrictions contained in international conventions, the Latvian Copyright Law also lays down various restrictions, when the author's work can be used without a special permit for the use of the author's work or for free, such as in the educational or research process. The free use of copyright-protected materials constitutes a restriction on the economic rights of copyright holders. These restrictions aim to strike a balance between the rights of the author and the interests of the public. Although copyright-protected works can be used in education almost everywhere in the world, restrictions on the exercise of these rights have not been clearly established.The aim of this paper is to research limits use of copyright-protected works in the educational process. Basis for this analysis will be the international and national legal framework about copyright exceptions in educational process.In the development of the research used an analytical method of scientific research, as well as a method of interpreting grammatical, teleological and historical legal norms. For the conclusions used inductive and deductive method of scientific research.

Software copyright content: Library law and facilitation

Software copyright content: Library law and facilitation - IJLSIT- Print ISSN No: - 2582-1555 Online ISSN No:- 2456-9623 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijlsit.2019.006, IP Indian Journal of Library Science and Information Technology-IP Indian J Libr Sci Inf Technol

Dilema Droit De Suite Untuk Karya Seni Rupa

Droit de suite is a French term that introduces a law in the sense of the artist's resale right, namely the right granted to artists and their heirs to the resale of their copyrighted works. Then the creator of artworks and his heirs get a part of the return of their works when artworks change ownership through selling. This will bring a balance for copyright in Indonesia, that gave more attention in music and literature. Because music and literature can bring a passive income for all economic activities through royalty. in otherwise artworks couldn't get passive income, because artists just sell it whatever the price goes to others or buyer. In these days the price of artworks will go high in years after first purchase, it means there is the first buyer that buy artworks in small price, but the first buyer can sell it to the second buyer, the second buyer can sell it to the third buyer and so on with higher price than first purchase. That will trigger some artists or the heir, why can't get anything when the artworks price has gone up, while music and literature have a royalty system. Droit de suite system can be a solution for artists get passive income, but first must through the lawmaker to recognize droit de suite. Droit de suite system, in short, is a passive income system for artworks such as paintings, drawings, carvings, calligraphy, sculpture, sculpture, or collages. This system work when artworks got to sell at a price higher than first selling. as long as artworks still exist the price is going up after years and the ownership of artworks changes. When ownership change by through seller or dealer of artworks, the system will claim the right of artists for resale an artwork to another buyer. That will force a market to give exclusive attention to artworks in Indonesia better than sell it on the street to tourist as souvenir. The basic knowledge of droit de suite is important before lawmakers make a decision to recognize it. So that the lawmakers can make what kind droit de suite that can balance the law f copyright, because each country has diffrent systems but basic still same. There Berne Convention gave the basic system and limitation for droit de suite, so not all artworks gate the right.

Ecosozological importance of Medobory nature reserve

Materials about rare biotic and landscape diversity of the Medobory Nature Reserve are systematized and analyzed. According to the literary, statistical, and reporting data from nearly 1000 species of higher vascular plants 41 are included in the Red Book of Ukraine, 8 in the Annex of the Berne Convention, 5 in the Red List of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, 6 in the European Red List. 4 phytocoenosis are listed in the Green Book of Ukraine. 6 species and 1 form of algae from water bodies reservoirs are rare for the flora of Ukraine. 4 species of mushrooms, 68 species of fauna are protected in accordance with the Red Data Book of Ukraine. The reserve is the element (core) of the Emerald ecosystem in the PanEuropean structure. The most valuable natural-territorial complexes are forests, meadow-steppe areas, rocky outcrops on the toltry. The negative influence of sylvatization (expansion of non-aboriginal, adventitious, shrub species) on natural ecosystems in the conditions of reserved successions in the past and in the modern period was established. The priority directions of preservation of the rare biotic, landscape diversity of forests, meadow-steppe, water-marsh and rocky coenosis are substantiated.

Sozophytes and habitat in the territory of the stow Khortytsia under protection of the bern convention

Aim. In order to preserve the phytocenosis fund of the Khortytsia tract, we set the goal to include it in the territory of a special nature conservation value which is the Emerald Object. To do this, a phytososological assessment of the territory was carried out regarding its compliance with the requirements of the Berne Convention. Results. The Khortitsa stow is the territory which landscapes represent a characteristic of the Zaporizhzhia oblast, especially steppe, with natural vegetation in a well-preserved state. The study of the flora and vegetation was carried out by the expeditionary route method, as well as setting stationary experimental areas of 100 m2 and transecting in accordance with generally accepted methods. On the territory of the tract there were discovered: – All arid types of E1 category herb groups classified EUNIS, described for Zaporizhzhia oblast (Е1.11, Е1.2.1.1 – Е1.2.1.7); – 20 types of habitats, protected by resolution No. 4 of the Bern Convention (C 1.226; C1.33; C1.3411; C 2.33; C2.34; C 3.4; C 3.51; D 5.2; E 1.1.1; E 1.2; E 3.4; E 5.4; G1.11; G 1.3; G 1.7; X 18). – 3 types of vascular plants (Aldrovanda vesiculosa L., Jurinea cyanoides DC., Serratula lycopifolia Beck.), listed in Appendix No. 1 of Resolution No. 6 of the Bern Convention. The obtained data were included into the standard data forms of the objects of the Emerald Network applicants and were defended at the Emerald Network Biogeographical Seminar for all habitats and species (except birds) for the Steppic region (the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation and Ukraine), the Alpine Caucasus (the Russian Federation), the Marine Black Sea (Ukraine, the Russian Federation) and the Marine Caspian Sea (which was held in Kyiv from on September 6 till 8, 2016). Conclusion. In 2016 the stow was included in the Emerald Network of Ukraine U106 Kakhovka Reservoir. The research materials show that Khortytsia stow has a great phytososological value and needs arrangements for protection and conservation of its biodiversity

A Preliminary Survey of Birds in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India

A preliminary survey of bird species and habitat in the Karmajhiri Range, Pench Tiger Reserve was conducted during March 2014 - May 2014. The aim of this study was assessment of avian population by addressing some ecological status such as faunal type, phenological traits, trophic status, occurence and protection status of birds species. 221 species of birds were recorded from study area. Out of 26 order in India 16 order of birds were presented in and around Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) which comprises 61 families. PTR provides habitat for three critically endangered species, namely White-rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis Gmelin, 1788), Red-headed Vulture (Sarcogyps calvus Scopoli, 1786) and Indian Vulture (Gyps indicus Scopoli, 1786). Regarding species protected by Berne convention 34 species are listed in Appendix 2 (strickly protected fauna) and only one are represented in Appendix 3 (Protected fauna) House Sparrow (Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758). Based on the AEWA (African-Europian Migratory Waterbird Agreement) bird list, 18 bird species are noted in the study area. The dominance of Oriental faunal type provide information on the relationship of the surveyed avifauna to the biogeographical zones. We were recorded 28 biome restricted bird species. This assessment also supports and justifies its classification as an Important Bird Area “IBA” because of the importance and abundance of avian species. Its provide shelter and hosts to birds. To conserve birds species in tropical deciduous forest in PTR, it will be necessary to preserve large areas of contiguous forest and monitor the effect of Habitat fragmentation and other development activities in and around forest area will have impact on their foraging, breeding and subsequently their population. These scientific findings will help to evaluate the effectiveness of legislation and policies for bird protection and will under in future conservation action for birds and their habitats.