BER Analysis Research Articles

BER Analysis Over $$\alpha$$-$$\eta$$-$$\mu$$/I-Gamma Fading Channel with Laplacian Noise

BER Analysis Over $$\alpha$$-$$\eta$$-$$\mu$$/I-Gamma Fading Channel with Laplacian Noise

Discrete Elephant Herding Optimization Algorithm for Analysis of PAPR, BER and Spectral Efficiency in FBMC/OQAM System

In wireless environments, multi-carrier modulation (MCM) schemes provides resistance against fading. These schemes have been thoroughly researched for use in 4G/5G wireless communications because of their benefits. Wireless communication systems that use multiple carriers are the most prevalent in modern technology for high-speed transmissions of data. Many researchers are currently interested in implementing new protocols and physical layers for Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM). 5G transmission systems are likely to utilize the FBMC/OQAM scheme. The FBMC/OQAM system has many advantages over Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), but there are few disadvantages, one of which is its high PAPR. Because of the signal's overlapping nature in the FBMC system, conventional reduction techniques can't be applied to the subcarriers. High peak power also reduces the efficiency of FBMC/OQAM. It is essential to reduce as much as possible the peak power of a signal in communication systems. In this article, to minimize the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), a Discrete Elephant Herding Optimization Algorithm (DEHOA) is used. Using the proposed method, we reduce the drawback of high PAPR with lower amalgamations of optimum phase factors for each overlapping information symbol. According to simulation results, the proposed method reduces PAPR, BER and improves spectral efficiency (SE) performance.

BER Analysis of Multi-User NOMA Networks in the Presence of Interference

BER Analysis of Multi-User NOMA Networks in the Presence of Interference

Optimizing Windowed Filters for Enhanced OFDM Performance in 5G Networks: A Comprehensive Analysis of PAPR, BER, and PSD

Optimizing Windowed Filters for Enhanced OFDM Performance in 5G Networks: A Comprehensive Analysis of PAPR, BER, and PSD

BER Analysis of IRS-Assisted Wireless Communications in Generalized Gaussian Noise

BER Analysis of IRS-Assisted Wireless Communications in Generalized Gaussian Noise

Generalized Average BER Analysis for MRC Receiver Over FTR Fading Channel

Generalized Average BER Analysis for MRC Receiver Over FTR Fading Channel

Throughput and BER analysis in LoRa technology for performance enhancements using dynamic measurement

Throughput and BER analysis in LoRa technology for performance enhancements using dynamic measurement

Throughput and BER analysis in LoRa technology for performance enhancements using dynamic measurement

Throughput and BER analysis in LoRa technology for performance enhancements using dynamic measurement

Modelling System Parameters for Improvised Performance in Free Space Optics (FSO) Networks

Free space optics (FSO) is a remote method for correspondence that send information by means of an optical source. The medium among transmitter and recipient is a free space that has an away from of sight for imparting the sign. Air, vacuum, and space can go about as free space. Establishment of this framework is financially savvy contrasted with different frameworks and can be set up with in less time. The upside of this framework is it can send a lot of information because of high transmission capacity. A portion of the components which influence the transmission of FSO are downpour, mist, fog and actual obstacles. Two FSO joins are planned in this paper one with a variety of laser and one with a solitary laser, we are going to investigation the Max. Q along with the Bit error rate esteem for the two frameworks at various constrictions. Multiplexing of the signals is carried out to estimate the performance of the system. Due to the use of multiplexing high bit rates are achieved. The link distance under consideration for this experimental simulation was at 10 km which includes various power levels of the laser. Performance of the two links is compared in the results with the parameter of BER at various power levels by using BER analyzer.

PAPR and BER Analysis in FBMC/OQAM System with Pulse Shaping Filters and Various PAPR Minimization Methods

Filter Bank Multicarrier with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(FBMC/OQAM) system design based on frequency sampling prototype filter takes into account the low frequency utilization of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) caused by adding Cyclic Prefix(CP). The CP decreases spectral efficiency and increases Peak to Average Power Ratio(PAPR). FBMC is an OFDM enhancement. In this paper to reduce the PAPR, we explained companding methods. We have proposed an FBMC that makes use of prototype pulse shaping filters which can be adjusted to meet system requirements in order to defeat these limitations. Due to its significant effect on the performance of FBMC-OQAM, choosing the right filter is crucial. Different prototype filters are used to investigate the performance of the FBMC-OQAM in this paper. Using the validated system, it was found that frequency utilization is more and good out-band suppression as well as an excellent application value in 5G technology. By using ?-law companding method, FBMC/OQAM provides better performance. It produces low PAPR, low out of band(OoB), high BER performance, less computational complexity and high spectral efficiency as compared to other methods.

PAPR, Spectral Efficiency, BER and SNR Analysis of OFDM: A Novel Partial Transmit Sequence-Particle Swarm Optimization Technique

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a widely used multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique in the field of wireless communications, specifically designed to facilitate high-speed data transmission. The use of several subcarriers inside an OFDM system for the transmission of modulated symbols results in the generation of OFDM signals with a significant peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this study, we propose a novel approach for mitigating the high PAPR in wireless communication systems (WCS). Our method utilizes a partial transmit sequence (PTS) strategy, which is enhanced by using an adaptive particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In this study, we present a description of an OFDM system employing the standard PTS technique in conjunction with PSO. To mitigate computational complexity, the suggested methodology efficiently explores the optimal amalgamation of phase rotation components. Experimental findings demonstrate that the computational complexity and PAPR have been greatly minimized by the suggested method.

Joint Grouping Subcarrier and Permutation Index Modulations Based Differential Chaos Shift Keying System

A joint grouping subcarrier-permutation index modulation based differential chaos shift keying (GSPIM-DCSK) communication system is proposed in this paper in order to enhance the energy and spectral efficiency, and increase the data rate of grouping subcarrier index modulation in DCSK (GSIM-DCSK) system that was recently suggested. In this system, the reference chaotic sequence is loaded into a permutation generator block to construct different permuted replicas of the reference sequence, and the input data bits for each symbol duration are divided equally into G parallel groups, each group consisting of carrier index bits indicated by p1 used for selecting active or inactive subcarrier out of2p1 subcarriers for GSPIM-DCSKI and GSPIM-DCSKII systems respectively, and permutation index bits,p2, that are used to select one chaotic sequence out of 2p2 permuted replicas of the reference chaotic sequence and then used this sequence to spread the modulated bit,p3=1, to send it through active subcarriers so the total number of transmitted bits for GSPIM-DCSKI and GSPIM-DCSKII systems is G (p1+p2+ 1) and G (p1+(2p1-1)(p2 +1)) respectively. The expressions for energy and spectral efficiency, as well as the complexity of the suggested schemes, are determined and compared the outcomes with other traditional DCSK schemes. Under the influence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath Rayleigh fading channels, the analytical expressions for BER of the two proposed systems are derived. The simulated and analytical BER results are compared to confirm the precision of BER analysis. Additionally, a comparison is made between the findings of the proposed schemes and those of traditional DCSK schemes, indicating that the suggested methods boost the performance of traditional DCSK schemes.

Error resilient wireless video transmission via parallel processing using puncturing rule enabled coding and decoding

The innovation in wireless video transmission lies in the methodology's holistic approach, which combines parallel processing, puncturing rule-enabled coding, comprehensive error correction, and focused video frame reconstruction. The methodology includes several stages, including video frame processing, channel coding, error simulation, and Viterbi decoding, all of which are optimized for improved performance. Parallel processing is used at each stage to improve computational efficiency. Convolutional encoding is used concurrently, with a puncturing rule to tailor the encoding process for individual packets. Following that, a binary symmetric channel model is used to simulate bit errors, allowing the system's error-resilient characteristics to be evaluated. Beyond the analysis performed on previously studied videos, the proposed approach is thoroughly evaluated across three distinct video datasets. Furthermore, the study delves into BER analysis, encompassing various error probabilities and employing incremental redundancy. This investigation sheds light on the system's robustness in correcting errors in a variety of error scenarios. Throughput measurements provide important information about the achieved data transmission rate during successful receptions, whereas the elapsed time metric measures the overall efficiency of the transmission process. Furthermore, the proposed method assesses Mean Squared Error (MSE) at 0.48 and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) at 51.30 dB across the entire operational process. The combined findings highlight the proposed approach's superiority, positioning it as a promising solution for robust and efficient wireless video communication. This results in a more stable and efficient gearbox system, distinguishing it from existing system.

Qualitative analysis of PMD-induced long-haul optical fiber link

Abstract This paper studies the detrimental effect of polarization mode dispersion on long-haul optical fiber communication in terms of the quality factor and bit error rate. The dispersion value is varied for different fiber lengths, specifically for long-haul communication, and the results obtained are analyzed in terms of the quality factor. The polarization mode dispersion causes pulse broadening, leading to interchannel interference. There is a need to check the occurrence and the associated effects of this dispersion. The communication range for conducting the analysis varies from 150 km to 350 km. The analysis is first conducted on varied communication fiber link length for different dispersion values, and it is observed that a fiber length of 200 km gives comparatively favorable results, as seen from the BER analysis.

On the performance analysis of NOMA-based vehicular visible light communication systems

Communication-based vehicle safety applications have emerged as one of the best solutions to enhance road safety. In this area, visible light communication (VLC) has great potential for such applications, named Vehicular VLC (V-VLC). V-VLC is preferred due to its highly secure, low complexity, and radio frequency (RF) interference-free characteristics, exploiting the line of sight (LoS) propagation of visible light and usage of already existing vehicle light-emitting diodes. This research addresses the application of the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique in V-VLC based vehicle-to-vehicle communication. In this study, we proposed a system integrating NOMA in V-VLC networks and comprehensively provided an analysis of the system. Subsequently, we derived theoretical achievable capacity and an exact bit error rate expression for the proposed scenario. This paper also covers discussions about system performance under the non-ideal NOAM at the receiver, the effect of transmitter-receiver distance, and the impact of different weather conditions. The derived analytical BER and channel capacity expressions are verified with the simulation results.

Wireless signal modulation technology

In this paper, based on wireless signal modulation technology, this paper introduces the more mainstream new modulation techniques, including OFDM, GFDM, and UFMC, in recent years. The second part of the article will introduce the wireless communication modulation techniques, the signal transceiver mechanism, and the principle of each part to realize the three systems. In the third part of the paper, the performance of each system in a noisy environment will be simulated and analyzed using the Matlab platform, including the BER comparison and analysis of different systems under different signal-to-noise ratios. In addition, the development of each modulation technology in recent years and the advantages of each technology will be introduced in this part, based on which the corresponding application scenarios and future development trends are also presented. In the future development of communication technology, each technology will also have its development prospect and expectation.

A Rotated-Constellation Based Method for BER Analysis in Uplink NOMA Systems

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of candidate technologies in the next generation radio access networks, in which the joint maximum-likelihood (JML) detector has the optimal estimation performance. In this paper, we propose a rotated-constellation based method to regularize the decision boundaries of received constellation. Through regular decision boundaries, we further derive the approximate closed-form BER expressions of uplink NOMA systems in Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of rotated-constellation based method and conform to our derivation. It is also shown through simulations that the proposed analysis method outperforms conventional method in terms of accuracy.

Linear LED driver design and its implementation for visible light communication applications

This study aimed to develop a linear LED driver for VLC applications which is capable of transmitting multilevel amplitude, such as OFDM formats or pure analog audio – video signals. The proposed driver comprises a general Op-Amp circuit that emits 3–12 Watts LED power. The maximum current of an Op-Amp limits the LED power. This study characterizing the I-V curves and provide insights on how to attain the LED suitable or optimal biasing point. First, the information signal undergoes clipping due to the too high bias point. Second, the LED cannot light up because the bias point is too low. Differently from the conventional Bias-T LED drivers, we exploited the readily available components such as Op-Amp that allows to work as adder device between the data signal and the DC offset. It is also a cost-effective way that uses off-the-shelf Op-Amps. Furthermore, the driver incorporates a DC-offset remover capability for an input similar to the DC signal. The experimental results showed that the linear driver’s bandwidth (BW) is ≥ 500 kHz without affecting the LED when lighting up. Moreover, the design was evaluated with BER analysis and demonstrated with a real VLC transceiver platform. The transceiver platform comprises FPGA Zync-7000, AD7302 DAC, XADC, and an off-the-shelf Analog Front-End (AFE) receiver. The proposed linear driver was clocked at 100 kHz to perform real-time VLC transmission using QPSK modulation and maximum bit-rate measurement. We have achieved a BER of < 1.5 × 10−3 and ∼30 kbps of real-time transmission speed. Therefore, it has a huge potential in IoT-based VLC networks.

BER performance analysis of OTFS systems with power allocation

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS), as a novel 2-D modulation technique, has been proposed to achieve better BER performances over delay-Doppler channels. In this paper, we propose two different power allocation (PA) algorithms in OTFS systems with zero forcing (ZF) or minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization, where general formulas with PA are derived in advance under the condition of minimum BER (MBER) criterion. On one hand, a suboptimal MBER power allocation method is put forward to achieve better BER performances, and then analytical BER expressions are derived with proposed PA strategy. Considering the case of MMSE equalization, a combined subsymbol allocation (SA) and PA strategy is raised, where some subsymbols may be abandoned due to worse channel conditions, and then it is proven effectively to improve BER performances through theoretical and simulation results. Furthermore, BER performances with proposed joint SA and PA strategy are also investigated in delay-Doppler channels, where an improved message passing (MP) receiver based on equivalent channel matrix with PA is given.

Closed-Form and Asymptotic BER Analysis of the Fluctuating Double-Rayleigh With Line-of-Sight Fading Channel

Recently, a generalization of the double-Rayleigh with line-of-sight channel fading model taking into account shadowing of the line-of-sight component has been proposed. In this research, a closed-form analysis of the average bit error rate for MPSK/MQAM modulations is performed. The derived solution is accompanied by proposed numerically efficient approximation and all possible asymptotic expressions that correspond to extreme channel parameters. Lastly, a numerical simulation was performed that demonstrated the correctness of the derived results.