Benzyl Alcohol System Research Articles

One-Pot Synthesis of Supertough, Sustainable Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomers Using Block-Like, Gradient Copolymer as Soft Midblock

It remains challenging to synthesize supertough thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) since the stretchability and tensile strength are mutually exclusive. Here, we report a one-pot strategy for the prep...

Controlled solvothermal synthesis of ultrahigh-aspect-ratio Sb2Se3 nanowires and their photoconductive properties

In this work, ultrahigh-aspect-ratio Sb2Se3 nanowires have been controllably prepared by a mild hydrothermal treatment. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectra, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction were used to characterize the as-synthesized samples. The result revealed that the as-synthesized products were wire-like with diameter ranging from 20 to 30 nm and length of 30 μm. Meanwhile, various experimental parameters such as concentration of precursors, influence of ethylenediamine, reaction time and the formation of mechanism were discussed and properties of photoconductive of Sb2Se3 were also investigated in detail. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no any reports on the one-pot synthesis of Sb2Se3 nanomaterials under the benzyl alcohol system.

Effect of metal ions on the morphology of silver nanocrystals

Ag nanoplates were obtained in our developed benzyl alcohol system in the presence of Al3+ ions or Fe3+ ions.

Synthesis, characterization, and hydrophobic properties of Bi2S3 hierarchical nanostructures

Novel Bi2S3 hierarchical nanostructures self-assembled by nanorods are successfully synthesized in mild benzyl alcohol system under hydrothermal conditions. The hierarchical nanostructures exhibit a flower-like shape. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were used to characterize the as-synthesized samples. Meanwhile, the effect of various experimental parameters including the concentration of reagents and reaction time on final product has been investigated. In our experiment, PVP plays an important role for the formation of the hierarchical nanostructures and the possible mechanism was proposed. In addition, Bi2S3 film prepared from the flower-like hierarchical nanostructures exhibits good hydrophobic properties, which may bring nontrivial functionalities and may have some promising applications in the future.

High-pressure phase equilibria for the binary system carbon dioxide + benzyl alcohol

The phase equilibria of the carbon dioxide + benzyl alcohol system were measured at 298.15, 306.35 and 313.15 K, under pressures from 1.03 to 16.15 MPa. An upper critical end point (UCEP) of the binary system was identified at 307.45 K and 7.77 MPa and three-phase equilibria were observed along the liquid–liquid–vapor (LLV) equilibrium line between 279.75 and 307.45 K. The experimental data were correlated well by the Peng–Robinson equation of state with two binary parameters. According to the experimental results, the phase behavior of the carbon dioxide + benzyl alcohol system appears to belong to Type-III according to the classification of van Konynenburg and Scott.

Solvothermal Synthesis of LiFePO4 Hierarchically Dumbbell-Like Microstructures by Nanoplate Self-Assembly and Their Application as a Cathode Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this work, LiFePO4 with hierarchical microstructures self-assembled by nanoplates has been successfully synthesized by using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as the surfactant in a benzyl alcohol system. The resulting dumbbell-like LiFePO4 microstructures are hierarchically constructed with two-dimensional nanoplates with ∼300 nm length and ∼50 nm thicknesses, while these tiny plates are attached side by side in an ordered fashion. Both benzyl alcohol and LiI acting as reducing agents promote the formation of LiFePO4, and the presence of PVP plays an important role in the construction of the hierarchically self-assembled microstructures. A reasonable formation mechanism is proposed on the basis of the result of time-dependent experiments. In addition, the cell performance of the synthesized LiFePO4 is better than that of the commercial LiFePO4, which makes it a promising cathode material for advanced electrochemical devices such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors.

Influence of temperature on the liquid-to-liquid extraction of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone from aqueous solutions with benzyl alcohol

Solubilities between 323.15 and 413.15 K and equilibrium data between 323.15 and 373.15 K for the water + 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone + benzyl alcohol ternary system are reported in order to obtain the extractive properties of benzyl alcohol for separating 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone from aqueous solutions, and the influence of temperature. Solubility data of the binary system water + benzyl alcohol are also reported. The effect of temperature on liquid-liquid phase equilibrium was determined, and its consequences are discussed. Tie-line data were satisfactorily correlated by the Othmer and Tobias method [Othmer, D.F. and Tobias, P.E., 1942. Tie line correlation. Ind. Eng. Chem., 34: 693–696]. The experimental data were compared with values calculated by the NRTL and UNIQUAC equations for the ternary mixture, and the predictions obtained by the UNIFAC method are also included. While the water + benzyl alcohol system has a binary upper critical solution temperature at 421.65 K, no ternary one was observed. It is concluded that benzyl alcohol is appropriate for the extraction process when the mass fraction of the consolute component in the extract phase is less than 0.22, not as suitable when this concentration is greater. The small difference in the extractive properties between 348.15 K and room temperature shows that it is unnecessary to carry out the extraction at a higher temperature.

Corrections: Infrared Study of Molecular Aggregation in the Poly( a-benzyl L-glutamate)/ Benzyl Alcohol System

Corrections: Infrared Study of Molecular Aggregation in the Poly( a-benzyl L-glutamate)/ Benzyl Alcohol System

Infrared study of molecular aggregation in the poly(.alpha.-benzyl L-glutamate)/benzyl alcohol system

The amide and ester IR bands of poly(α-benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG)are found to be sensitive indicators of the state of aggregation. PBLG/benzyl alcohol gels are shown to consist of side by side aggregates of PBLG which melt in three stages. Side-chain motions commence near 40°C (I) followed by fragmentation of polymer bundles into elementary fibrils (II) and dissociation of these elementary fibrils into individual polymer chains (III). Transition temperatures for stages II and III are dependent upon molecular weight. Transition III may be accompanied by subtle conformational changes in the a-helical molecular structure. Models of these conformational changes are proposed

Thermodynamics and kinetics of gelation in the poly(γ-benzyl α, l-glutamate)—benzyl alcohol system

Rigid rod-like liquid-crystalline polymers are currently in high demand because of their high modulus and rigidity, and good orientation properties. Gelation is an important phenomenon encountered in lyotropic solutions of polymeric liquid crystals, and this is manifested in fibre spinning and many biological systems. We will focus our attention on the behaviour of gels formed by the synthetic polypeptide, poly(γ-benzyl α, l-glutamate) (PBLG), in benzyl alcohol (BA). More basic than determining the phase boundaries are the questions concerning the definition and identification of the gel phase and the molecular origins of such a phase, along with the added complexity of the dynamics in each phase. In this work, we attempt to make a systematic study of each phase for the PBLG-BA system, using rheological, thermal and light scattering experiments.

Supramolecular structure investigation of poly(γ‐benzyl, α‐l‐glutamate)‐benzyl alcohol system by static light scattering

AbstractThe cholesteric mesophase of the PBLG‐BA system in concentrated solutions and in the gel phase has been investigated by static laser light scattering. The observed ‘distortion’ of the patterns in terms of their dependence on the azimuthal angle was studied. Effect of form‐optical rotation on the pattern is discussed. The manner of distortion in the Hv pattern determines the sense of cholesteric twisting. The observed scattering patterns are analogous to those obtained by previous investigators in other solvents. Quantitative measurements of the intensity as a function of scattering vector provide information on the sense and pitch of the cholesteric twisting, as a function of temperature and concentration. Optical microscopy studies reveal onset and build‐up of the cholesteric structure. Optical rotation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies support the conclusions obtained from light‐scattering experiments.

Phase behaviour of poly-(λ-benzyl-L-glutamate) in benzyl alcohol

Abstract Polarized optical microscopy has been used to investigate phase transitions in the poly-(λ-benzyl-L-glutamate) benzyl alcohol system and these have been compared with the predictions of Flory. All of the samples studied form gels at room temperature. The behaviour of the lowest concentration studied, 5 per cent by volume, shows transitions in the optical microscope compatible with the Flory phase diagram, becoming isotropic at elevated temperatures. Gels of higher concentrations exhibit bulk phase separation into an isotropic liquid phase and an anisotropic phase at room temperature, also in accord with the Flory predictions; the texture of the anisotropic phase varies with concentration. At higher temperatures these concentrations exhibit two coexistent anisotropic phases.

Gelation in the Poly (γ-Benzyl-L-Glutamate)-Benzyl Alcohol System

Abstract Gels formed from liquid crystalline solutions of poly (γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) in benzyl alcohol have been studied by a variety of techniques. It seems that the junction points in the gels are crystalline in nature, possibly from a crystallosolvate phase. These crystallites are so small that they are well below the resolving power of the optical microscope. Hence observation under the polarising microscope shows behaviour in broad accord with the Flory predictions, and with no correlation between the optical transitions and the gel-sol transition. Additionally, at high temperatures, coexistence of two anisotropic phases is seen.

Structure of Styrene/Acrylic Acid Copolymer in Aqueous Solution Determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

A random styrene/acrylic acid copolymer has been examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with the use of the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) technique, in a study of the conformational structure in aqueous solution. The presence of a base in the aqueous solution leads to ionization of the acrylic acid segments and to conformational changes. The ionization is demonstrated by the appearance of asymmetric and symmetric C-O stretching bands of the COO− ion at 1547 and 1407 cm−1. Our results show that the water molecules are coordinated to the COO− ion through the positively charged cations. The acrylic segments of the copolymer are exposed to the aqueous solvent, whereas styrene is surrounded by acrylates. The molecular interactions of the copolymer in the two-phase water and benzyl alcohol system are determined. In the benzyl alcohol phase, the copolymer forms a coil-type structure, with the acrylic acid segments exposed to the aqueous phase. With time, the cations diffuse into the benzyl alcohol phase and cause ionization of the acrylic acid units, resulting in formation of the COO− ions.

Relation between Paper Chromatographic Rf-Values and Two Phase-Distribution Ratios of Phosphate Ions

Abstract An easy and useful method reflecting the behaviors of phosphate ions in paper chromatography was proposed. Under some assumption, the correlations between Rf in the paper chromatography and the distribution ratio Ds or Df in the solvent extraction or in the filter paper batch equilibration were investigated. When the water-miscible solvents are used, Df-values may reflect Rf-values considerably well. If the water-immiscible solvents are used, rather Ds-values reflect Rf-values well. Although the partition only has so far been considered in these types of paper chromatography, the results showed that the adsorption phenomena cannot entirely be ignored in some solvent systems like a basic benzyl alcohol system.