Bent Pin Research Articles

Improving the Quality of Automotive Components through the Effective Management of Complaints in Industry 4.0

The fundamental problems with component production in the automotive industry are the low quality of the components, the high number of failures, and the subsequent number of complaints. The quality of automotive components is a prerequisite for automated production in a SMART Factory 4.0 in the context of Industry 4.0. Managing complaints is a critical area in the automotive manufacturing industry. The primary goal of this article is to indicate the significance of a CRM system and the importance of complaints management in automotive manufacturing, which improves the quality of the process of producing components while improving the quality of the inputs—the quality of materials, the quality of the human factor, and the quality of the services provided in connection with the components. (1) A Slovak company was selected as the subject of this research, which focuses on the production of automotive parts. (2) The methods of research focused on using economic analysis and instruments of quality management such as the QRQC method, FMEA method, the Ishikawa diagram, and the Pareto analysis and Lorenz curve. This article presents the results of complaints about automotive components: locksets in vehicles. (3) This research shows the basic cause of the problem: a bent pin after riveting in the process of producing the components. In the frame of this research, we suggested corrective measures to eliminate the actual causes of failure in the production of the components. The RPN index reached a level below the limit of 150 (the critical level of the customers’ requirements) after implementing the corrective measures. The total costs of complaints in this year were calculated to be EUR 13.575 and the costs will be reduced gradually after changes are implemented in the production process. (4) A new complaints information system and a new training center are beneficial for solving problems in the production of automotive components. The implementation of a CRM system and other systems are prerequisites for solving customer complaints.

Fracturas marginales volares de radio distal: fijación con clavijas adicionales a la placa volar.

Introducción: El tratamiento de las fracturas de muñeca con placas volares bloqueadas puede ser insuficiente para las fracturas con fragmentos volares marginales distales a la línea de inserción distal del pronador cuadrado, sitio de inserción de importantes ligamentos. Objetivo: Evaluar la reproducibilidad de la técnica y los resultados del tratamiento de fracturas marginales volares de radio distal con clavijas, capturando el fragmento volar y dejándolas debajo de la placa volar bloqueada de radio distal. Materiales y Métodos: La técnica quirúrgica utiliza una o varias clavijas para fijar el fragmento volar semilunar del radio distal, bloqueándolas debajo de la placa. Inicialmente efectuamos una simulación cadavérica. Luego, realizamos un estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a 7 pacientes con fracturas de radio distal intrarticular con un fragmento marginal volar distal a la línea de la orilla, tratados entre septiembre de 2014 y febrero de 2015. El promedio de edad era de 53 años, y el del seguimiento, de 16 meses. Se obtuvieron radiografías en sucesivos controles. Al alta se evaluaron el rango de movilidad, la fuerza de prensión y dos puntajes funcionales. Resultados: Todas las fracturas consolidaron satisfactoriamente manteniendo la reducción del fragmento marginal volar. No hubo casos con inestabilidad radiocubital inferior como secuela. Conclusión: La fijación adicional del fragmento marginal volar lunar del radio con clavijas dobladas por debajo de la placa ofrece una alternativa de estabilización sencilla, económica y adecuada para suplir la fijación de un fragmento que la placa sola no estabilizaría adecuadamente.
 Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Funerary customs of Golasecca Culture

Both M. Primas in 1970 and the Author in 1988 argued that within the Golasecca culture three cultural facies were recognizable: Como, Golasecca, Sopraceneri including Mesolcina. On the basis of the available data then it could be said that in the first two facies the exclusive funerary rite was cremation, while to the north of the Monte Ceneri gradually passed from cremation to biritualism and finally to inhumation as an exclusive funeral rite. Recently the thesis was presented that in the Golasecca facies also inhumation tombs were present. According to Gambari, two pit tombs of the necropolis of Pombia, the t. 12/1995 and the t. 15/1995, would be interpreted as childhood or adolescence inhumation graves. In the complete absence of skeletal remains, the hypothesis was formulated solely on the basis of the pit size, which was not exceptional. According to Grassi and Mangani four pit tombs of the necropolis of Monsorino di Golasecca would always be inhumations exclusively on the basis of the pit size. The Author rejects these interpretations as unfounded. First of all, in the absence of skeletal remains due to the strong acidity of the soil, two hypotheses can be taken into consideration: the inhumation or the rite of spreading the burnt bones on the bottom of the tomb. The analysis of the grave goods indicates as likely the second hypothesis. For example in the tomb 12/1995 there is a fragment of a broken and bent pin. De-functionalization in accordance with ritual norms is characteristic of cremation tombs. In the necropolis of Pombia two tombs, the 4/1995 and the 7/1995, have a size comparable to those considered to be inhumations, but burnt bones were discovered in them, thus confirming the ritual of spreading the ashes on the bottom of the tomb. In the tomb 39 of Monsorino a beaker with a globular body and distinct neck has the ribbon handle removed with a clean cut both to the upper and lower attachment, according to a ritual norm typical of the Golasecca culture when a pot is used as a container for the burnt bones, also in the same grave the metal objects have been discovered towards one end of the pit, but if it were an inhumation tomb the bronze belt-plate should be in the center of the pit. Grassi, Mangani and Voltolini argue that the grave of the Tripod from Sesto Calende-Bellaria would have been an inhumation burial, relying on the position of the objects, moreover they believe that the tomb would have had a bottom entirely covered with wooden planks and also a covering of wooden planks and it would never have been subject to violation with removal of the slab cover and part of the grave-goods. The author presents the excavation data, some of which are still unpublished, which clearly demonstrate the violation of the tomb and the unreliability of the reconstruction proposed by Grassi, Mangani and Voltolini. Since no rest of the skeleton has been preserved, one must think of its complete dissolution due to the nature of the soil, too acidic, but this fact is denied by the preservation of animal bones in one of the cups. Furthermore, in the NE corner of the tomb the body of a small leech fibula was found, devoid of spring, and catch-plate, all deformed by thermal effect, evidently coming from the funerary pyre. The arrangement of the materials is incompatible with the hypothesis of an inhumation, in particular an iron spit was found mixed with the chains of the long pendant / breastplate. Grassi, Mangani and Voltolini believe that the incontrovertible proof of the existence of inhumation burials in the facies of Golasecca and Como are two tombs from the small necropolis of Urago d’Oglio, dated to the second half of the fifth century and attributed to the Golasecca culture. This thesis is the result of a series of macroscopic typological classification, dating and cultural background mistakes. In fact, four cremation graves can be dated to the end of the sixth century, while two inhumations date back to the La Tene B (fourth century BC) and must be attributed to the Cisalpine Gauls.

Automated Defective Pin Detection for Recycled Microelectronics Identification

Counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) constitute a major threat to system reliability, as well as security from personal to national scale. Most current techniques for counterfeit electronics detection are expensive, time consuming, and prone to human error. We have proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture–based supervised technique along with two unsupervised techniques based on depth map and texture of pins to identify bent and corroded pins respectively with high accuracy, thus helping to identify recycled ICs. The supervised technique requires one-time training, and is amenable to be integrated in a fast and automated counterfeit IC detection methodology. We have also compared the proposed CNN–based classification technique accuracy with support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN)–based classification techniques. Using these methods, both corroded and bent pins are differentiated with high accuracy. The unsupervised bent pin detection technique uses depth map images of ICs to construct 3D images of ICs and the corroded pin detection methodology uses Laws’ texture energy method and K-means clustering to differentiate between defective and non-defective pins.

Fracture de la malléole médiale. Étude biomécanique des méthodes de fixation par cerclage métallique sous tension

BackgroundThis study compared the biomechanical properties of three different fixation methods of tension band wirings, used in the treatment of medial malleolus fractures. The first method used an innovative “handmade bent pin” for cerclage fixation. The second method used a U-shaped K-wire to attach the cerclage to the medial tibial cortex. These two novel fixation techniques were compared with the traditional tension band wiring technique, which is fixated to the bone by a screw. HypothesisNovel fixation techniques of tension band wiring provide stable fixation. Material and MethodsIn this study 27 artificial bone models, which medial malleolus fractures were simulated on, were used. Using an electromechanical test device, the force required to pull out each implant was assessed and compared. ResultsThis study found that; while handmade bent pinning resulted averagely 840.25 N (range: 647–1066,±118.72) and U-shaped K-wire fixation was 381.71 N (range: 176–651±150.2) pull out strength, traditional tension band wiring indicated 871.33 N (range: 549–1008,±137.74) pull out strength. DiscussionHandmade bent pinning method provides similar results with traditional tension band wiring. Therefore, in suitable cases, it may be an acceptable alternative to traditional tension band wiring techniques when treating malleolar fractures. Although the outcomes of U-shaped K wire fixation indicated lower than other two groups, the outcomes were comparable with the literature. So, while performing tension band wiring, both handmade fixation systems may be used in certain cases. For orthopaedic surgeons, it is better to know and think about these alternative handmade pinning systems created from simple K-wires during the surgery if needed. Level of evidenceIV, Biomechanical trial.

Medial malleolus fractures: A biomechanical comparison of tension band wiring fixation methods

BackgroundThis study compared the biomechanical properties of three different fixation methods of tension band wirings, used in the treatment of medial malleolus fractures. The first method used an innovative “handmade bent pin” for cerclage fixation. The second method used a U-shaped K-wire to attach the cerclage to the medial tibial cortex. These two novel fixation techniques were compared with the traditional tension band wiring technique which is fixated to the bone by a screw. HypothesisNovel fixation techniques of tension band wiring provide stable fixation. Material and methodsIn this study 27 artificial bone models, which medial malleolus fractures were simulated on, were used. Using an electromechanical test device, the force required to pull out each implant was assessed and compared. ResultsThis study found that; while handmade bent pinning resulted averagely 840.25N (range: 647–1066±118.72) and U-shaped K-wire fixation was 381.71N (range: 176–651±150.2) pull out strength, traditional tension band wiring indicated 871.33N (range: 549–1008±137.74) pull out strength. DiscussionHandmade bent pinning method provide similar results with traditional tension band wiring. Therefore, in suitable cases, it may be an acceptable alternative to traditional tension band wiring techniques when treating malleolar fractures. Although the outcomes of U-shaped K-wire fixation indicated lower than other two groups, the outcomes were comparable with the literature. So while performing tension band wiring, both handmade fixation systems may be used in certain cases. For Orthopaedic surgeons, it is better to know and think about these alternative handmade pinning systems created from simple K-wires during the surgery if needed. Level of evidenceIV, Biomechanical trial.

System Safety Matrix Methods

The analysis of networks is a common feature in system safety analysis. These networks may range from electronic circuits to software flowcharts to maps of land, air, sea and communications traffic. Matrix methods are the natural tool for the analysis of these networks, and the object of this paper is to describe the basics of matrix methods in the context of three common problems encountered by systems safety engineers: the Bent Pin Problem, the Sneak Circuit Problem and the Analysis of Software Logic. Comparison of these analyses will reveal deep connections between these problems and suggest directions for future research.

Sports Tech: Fishing lures

MY FIRST experience of fishing was at a very young age and the equipment involved consisted of a stick, some string, a bent pin and an unfortunate worm. This was used in a muddy pool which at the age of six passed for a 'pond'. Needless to say the catch was negligible i.e. one dead worm. Real anglers have, of course, rather more sophisticated means of catching their prey, with lures in particular being considerably more high-tech than my worm ever was.

Study on Intermittent Faults and Electrical Continuity

Intermittent faults in electrical/electronic interconnections are recognised as one of the major sources of No Fault Found (NFF) events. These can be caused due to surface corrosion (e.g. oxidation of pins or fretting wear), bent pins, debris within the female connector, or incorrect installation during initial manufacture and assembly. Unless such issues are narrowed down to a specific root cause, any corrective actions or troubleshooting will be difficult to carry out, and hence its resolution may not make its way into future designs of the system. This leads to further susceptibility to NFF. Intermittent behaviour is often a clear sign of a partially damaged connector, or a connector undergoing a particular degradation mechanism, with the level of intermittency being further aggravated through process variation of harsh environments and parametric faults. In order to further our understanding of the relationship between degradation, operating conditions, intermittent behaviour within the subject, an experimental investigations have been carried out.This paper is a work in progress paper that illustrates a test regime that has been used to stimulate intermittence in electronic connectors whilst subjected to vibration, using both a traditional oscilloscope and bespoke intermittent fault detection equipment, in order to capture an intermittent signature. The results of these experiments provide an insight into the limitations of test equipment and requirements for future intermittent fault detection techniques.

Extraction of a headscarf pin from the vertebral artery without embolization

Foreign bodies traversing the aerodigestive tract lining into the surrounding soft tissues is a well-known entity. A 14-year-old girl was referred to our hospital after swallowing a pin that was not visualized by laryngoscopy, despite a neck film that localized it to the level of the larynx. A CT scan demonstrated a bent pin piercing the left vertebral artery "through and through," and this was confirmed by angiography. The pin was extracted via an external approach to the neck without preoperative intravascular manipulation. Angiography immediately after the surgery demonstrated a stable thrombotic sleeve in the vertebral artery without further clot propagation or bleeding from the vessel wall. This is the first report of a "through and through" thrombotic sleeve in an artery. Simple surgical removal of a sharp foreign body from the vertebral artery without intravascular management may be a reasonable option.

Detecting and measuring bent pins on electronic components

Detecting and measuring bent pins on electronic components

Der interessante Fall Nr. 69

This report presents the case of a 28-year-old patient who was referred to our department for having swallowed a metallic foreign body accidentally. Initial X-ray investigation showed a bent needle, localized in the upper esophagus. While removal of the object in question was being planned, we just in time got information concerning the patient's far-reaching psychiatric history. By interviewing him again it turned out that he had been swallowing multiple bent pins intending to commit suicide. Abdominal X-ray demonstrated at least 12 bent metallic pins in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Subsequently the young man was admitted to the local psychiatry department. All foreign bodies were excreted per vias naturales within a few days. This case shows that the ingestion of "atypical" foreign bodies needs very careful anamnesis. The patients' psychiatric background and past history should always be taken into consideration.

Hierarchy of shape cues in recognition of bent pins

Hierarchy of shape cues in recognition of bent pins

An accurate method for measuring leg length and hip offset in hip arthroplasty.

A method of intraoperative leg length and hip offset measurement in total hip arthroplasty is described. A bent pin anchored in the pelvis is used in combination with a rigid, molded cradle for the operated leg.

Enhanced surface segregation in sliding wear tracks

The effect of sliding wear on the rate of surface segregation of sulfur from an oxygen-free, high-conductivity (OFHC) copper sample was investigated. The study was carried out in an ultra-high-vacuum system having a residual gas pressure of 5*10/sup -11/ torr. Wear tracks were formed on OFHC Cu that had previously been annealed and argon-ion sputter cleaned. A bent pin (palladium-based alloy, ASTM B540) was made to slide across the surface with a contact force of 25 g for 9000 cycles. Auger electron spectroscopy was used to characterize the composition of the surface on and off the wear track. No surface segregation was observed to occur as a result of forming the wear track. Subsequent in situ isothermal annealing between 310 degrees C and 470 degrees C produced S enhancement on the specimen surface. It was observed that the rate of S segregation on the wear track was much faster than off track up to approximately 390 degrees C, where this rate decreased significantly. At higher temperatures, the rate of S segregation on-track approximately equaled the off-track rate. The drop in the rate of S segregation on the track of 390 degrees C is attributed to annealing-out of the short-circuit diffusion paths associated with the defects formed when the wear track was made. The subsequent increase in S concentration at higher temperatures is due to the normal surface segregation phenomenon which occurs in annealed samples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Noncontact Bent Pin Detection Using Laser Diffraction

The use of optical diffraction is investigated to detect bent pins on a high-density multi-chip integrated-circuit module as an intermediate step in a robotic assembly process. A fixed laser beam shines on a fixed optical array while the robot moves the pins of the module through the beam at four different orientations. (While two scans are mathematically adequate, four scans are required because of the physical characteristics of this particular module.) The optical array is continuously scanned and the resultant images are processed to detect specific abnormalities in the diffraction pattern. If a flaw is detected, software determines the approximate location of the defective pin and whether it should be straightened manually or sent back for rework (determined by the angle of bend).