Bennett Model Research Articles

[formula omitted] anomaly effect on crystallization and mechanical properties of soda-lime silicate glasses

In the present investigation, the effect of B2O3 is investigated on the theoretical mechanical properties and crystallization kinetics of (64-x)SiO2 - xB2O3 - 16Na2O - 12CaO - 2Al2O3 - 6MgO (x = 2, 4, and 6 mol%) glasses. To understand the mechanical properties elastic moduli are calculated using two theoretical models i.e., Makishima–Mackenzie and Rocherulle. Whereas, in crystallization kinetics, activation energies (Eg, Ec, and Ep) are computed using two distinct methods, i.e., the Kissinger model and the Augis and Bennett model. The replacement of SiO2 by B2O3 enhances the strengthening of the glass network which makes the B6-S58 glass network more rigid. The B6-S58 and B2-S62 glasses have the highest and lowest activation energy (Eg) for crystallization, respectively. B4-S60 glass shows non-linear behavior in characteristics temperature as well as in activation energy due to boron anomaly. The present finding could be helpful in designing windshield automobile glasses.

MODELS OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

MODELS OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Continuously tunable photonic true-time-delay device for millimeter-wave beamforming.

We present a novel CMOS compatible plasma dispersion modulation scheme for slow wave photonic true-time-delay structure harnessing the frozen mode to enable applications in millimeter-wave (mmWave) beamforming. Leveraging the Soref-Bennett model for the electro-refractive effect in silicon plasma dispersion, continuous tunability of approximately 6.8 ps/V with a peak delay of approximately 11.4 ps is achieved for a low threshold voltage of 0.9 V. This plasma dispersion will enable fast and sophisticated modulation and beamforming in 5G mmWave and 6G terahertz communications.

Promoting intercultural thinking and reflection through U.S. history

AbstractLanguage textbooks present cultural content in a typically homogeneous fashion, thereby ignoring inherent diversity both within and between cultures and reinforcing monodimensional views. Consequently, instructors must find ways to facilitate students’ critical engagement with and reflection on cultural representations in order to provide them with the space to more critically examine cultural heterogeneity, which is essential for effective and appropriate interactions in real settings. The current study describes novel cultural modules built around the PBS documentary series Latino Americans to be integrated into a Spanish 1 course. The modules introduced students to historical events regarding the long‐standing Latino presence in the United States and Latinos’ points of view, perceptions, and values. To ascertain the effectiveness of the modules, students’ development of intercultural sensitivity was assessed via surveys and class observations. The analysis was framed using M. Bennett's model of intercultural development. Results demonstrated students’ shifts in both ethnocentric and ethnorelative perceptions of cultural difference. Regarding ethnorelative perspectives, results suggest discrete improvements particularly as seen in the prevalence of data that support a shift toward acceptance.

Study of Clear Liquid Height and Dry Pressure Drop Models for Valve Trays

In this work, literature correlations developed for tray clear liquid height and dry pressure drop are analysed and compared with FRI published data. Four valve trays measured and published by FRI are used in the data analysis. For clear liquid height models, the fundamental Colwell (1979) correlation based on Francis’s equation was analysed. The Bennett (1983) model based on air-water data, the Hofhuis and Zuiderweg (1979) model based on spray regime and mixed-froth regime, the Dhulesia (1984) model based on V1 valve and air-water data, the Brambilla (1969) model based on air-water data, and the Glitsch (2013) from Koch-Glitsch Bulletin 4900 were also analysed and compared with each other.The dry tray pressure drop can be modelled by two ways. For the fixed valve tray and the sieve tray, an orifice type equation is used. The major difference between different researchers is the correlation for orifice constant. For the movable valve/float valve tray, the pressure drop curve is divided into three regions by the valve positions: fully closed region, partially open region, and fully open region. These three regions are determined by the closed balance point (CBP) and the open balance point (OBP). In this work, five literature models were analysed and compared with FRI data. Two of them are based on fixed valve tray or sieve tray (Smith and Van Winkle, Stichlmair), while the other three are based on movable valve tray (Glitsch, Klein, Bolles).In conclusion, this work studied the two hydraulic parameters for valve trays by analysing literature correlations with FRI measured data. Results show that most of the literature correlations under-predict the clear liquid height for the above four trays. Except for the models based on Francis’s theory, the literature correlations cannot predict the trend of the clear liquid height with the bubbling velocity. For the dry tray pressure drop, the three-region models give better prediction than orifice type models for the four valves in FRI database. This work provided a new thought and pathway for future model development.

Minerals in the rhizosphere: overlooked mediators of soil nitrogen availability to plants and microbes

Despite decades of research progress, ecologists are still debating which pools and fluxes provide nitrogen (N) to plants and soil microbes across different ecosystems. Depolymerization of soil organic N is recognized as the rate-limiting step in the production of bioavailable N, and it is generally assumed that detrital N is the main source. However, in many mineral soils, detrital polymers constitute a minor fraction of total soil organic N. The majority of organic N is associated with clay-sized particles where physicochemical interactions may limit the accessibility of N-containing compounds. Although mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) has historically been considered a critical, but relatively passive, reservoir of soil N, a growing body of research now points to the dynamic nature of mineral-organic associations and their potential for destabilization. Here we synthesize evidence from biogeoscience and soil ecology to demonstrate how MAOM is an important, yet overlooked, mediator of bioavailable N, especially in the rhizosphere. We highlight several biochemical strategies that enable plants and microbes to disrupt mineral-organic interactions and access MAOM. In particular, root-deposited low-molecular-weight exudates may enhance the mobilization and solubilization of MAOM, increasing its bioavailability. However, the competitive balance between the possible fates of N monomers—bound to mineral surfaces versus dissolved and available for assimilation—will depend on the specific interaction between mineral properties, soil solution, mineral-bound organic matter, and microbes. Building off our emerging understanding of MAOM as a source of bioavailable N, we propose a revision of the Schimel and Bennett (Ecology 85:591–602, 2004) model (which emphasizes N depolymerization), by incorporating MAOM as a potential proximal mediator of bioavailable N.

Comparison of effects of serine racemase knockout on nociceptive behavior among different models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain

Peripheral nerve injury and tissue inflammation often induce abnormal pain. The activation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors mediates the development and maintenance of such abnormal pain. D‐serine co‐localizes with NMDA receptors and acts as an endogenous co‐agonist of the NMDA receptor at the glycine binding site. D‐serine is synthesized from L‐serine by serine racemase (SR), which is an enzyme that is abundant in the central nervous system. It remains unclear how alterations in SR activity are involved in modulation of neuropathic and inflammatory pain behavior. In the present investigation, we compared pain behaviors in SR knockout (KO) mice and wild‐type (WT) mice after subjection to a chronic constriction injury (CCI model of Bennett), partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL model of Seltzer), spinal nerve ligation (SNL model of Chung), and an inflammatory pain model that was induced by subcutaneous formalin.Seven‐ to nine‐week‐old male WT and SR‐KO mice were used for the experiments. Under halothane anesthesia, the mice were subjected to neuropathic surgery. Three types of nerve ligation were performed, as previously described by Bennett et al. (1988), Kim and Chung (1992), and Seltzer et al. (1990). The left sciatic nerve was tied loosely with four ligatures of chromic gut at the mid‐thigh level (Bennett model), the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves were isolated and ligated tightly with a 4‐0 silk thread (Chung model), and the dorsal one‐third to one‐half of the left sciatic nerve was tightly ligated (Seltzer model). Mechanical allodynia was assessed by measuring the frequency of withdrawal responses using von Frey filaments both before and after ligation. To induce inflammatory pain, paraformaldehyde (50 μL, 25% in distilled water) was injected subcutaneously in the dorsal surface of the left hind paw. The mice were continuously observed for 60 min after the formalin injection, and the number of flinches of the injected paw was measured during the observation period.Behavioral observations showed the following results: 1) The second phase of the formalin‐induced licking response was augmented in SR‐KO mice, while the first phase was not; 2) mechanical allodynia in the Seltzer model was quite similar between SR‐KO mice and WT mice; 3) mechanical allodynia in both the Chung and Bennett models was significantly augmented in SR‐KO mice compared with WT mice.The mechanisms of the presently observed different effects of SR knockout on different pain models are unclear. We are currently investigating how differently synaptic circuit activity in the spinal dorsal horn is affected by SR knockout in different pain models.Support or Funding InformationDokkyo Med Univ Mutual FundThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Sticanje interkulturalnih kompetenicija u svetlu razvojnog modela interkulturalne osetljivosti Miltona Beneta

In this paper, the implications of Milton Bennett's Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) are considered as a basis for conceptualisation and implementation of study programs and professional development programs which seek to enhance the development of intercultural competences of student teachers and teachers. Sensitivity in dealing with cultural differences, according to this model, evolves from the stages of extreme ethnocentrism (denial, polarization, minimization) to the stages of increasing recognition and acceptance of cultural differences, which Bennett titles ethnorelativism (acceptance, adaptation and integration). We consider that Bennett's model is an important theoretical foundation for educational interventions aimed at developing intercultural competences because this model helps educators to better design, plan and implement intercultural training, to better understand the resistance of trainees which are at different stages of intercultural sensitivity development and to create an educational environment conducive for intercultural learning through balanced selection of educational challenges and support. Although the implications of Bennett's model are considered in working with adults, the majority of the procedure and recommendations are applicable in work with children and youth.

Poly(lactic acid)/modified gum arabic based bionanocomposite films: Thermal degradation kinetics

The present work demonstrates the thermal degradation behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) and oligo‐(lactic acid)‐grafted‐gum arabic (LA‐g‐GA) based bionanocomposite films. The LA‐g‐GA was prepared by polycondensation of lactic acid in the presence of gum arabic, and proved to be a unique biobased filler. The thermal degradation of PLA was found to be a single‐step process. Thermogravimetric Analysis hyphenated to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. (TGA‐FTIR) was conducted to study the evolved gaseous products from PLA and PLA/LA‐g‐GA samples, for interpreting the degradation pathways. The detailed investigation about thermal degradation kinetics of PLA and PLA/LA‐g‐GA bionanocomposite films were performed using isoconversional models (Augis & Benett, Flynn‐wall‐ozawa and Kissinger‐Akhira‐Sunose) and model fitting method (Kissinger). Activation energies obtained by F‐W‐O and K‐A‐S models have been found to be in good agreement with Kissinger model as compared to Augis & Bennett model. The activation energies of neat PLA films were determined from Kissinger, Augis & Bennett, F‐W‐O and K‐A‐S models, and were found to be 254, 259, 257, and 260 kJ mol−1, respectively. For the composite films, it was observed that the activation energy of degradation is dependent on its conversion. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:1193–1206, 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

Validating a Workplace Deviance Measure in Hospitals

Objective: This study seeks to validate a Workplace Deviance (WD) measure in hospitals.Research Methods: An empirical study was carried through the application of a questionnaire, gathering responses from 135 staff members in three hospitals (two public and one private). For the purposes of analysis, descriptive statistics and factorial analysis were employed.Results: The results prove an instrument with 22 items valid for measuring WD in health organizations. This involves an adaptation of the generalist measure put forth in the Bennett and Robinson (2000) model, allowing for application in the health sector. The study is innovative in the sense that it completes a diagnostic in a specific context, with base in a measure for evaluating WD in the field of health. This study is of relevance to managers and academics that recognize the possibility of workplace deviance in health organizations and require a measure that builds knowledge regarding voluntary behavior of staff that act out of line with organizational norms. Conclusions: Six items (WD1, WD2, WD3, WD5, WD7 and WD25) were rejected, which confirms the assumption that the specific characteristics of health organizations and services limit the applicability of general WD measures in this field. The findings also provide grounds for the reclassification of the items WD11 and WD14.

Stimulation-induced expression of immediate early gene proteins in the dorsal horn is increased in neuropathy

Background and aimsPeripheral neuropathic pain is described as a pain state caused by an injury or dysfunction of the nervous system, and could have clinical manifestations such as hyperalgesia, allodynia and spontaneous pain. The development of neuropathic pain may depend on long-term forms of neuronal plasticity in the spinal cord (SC). Expression of the immediate early gene proteins (IEGPs) Arc, Zif268, and c-Fos are implicated in establishment of long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by conditioning stimulation (CS) of primary afferent fibres. However, the impact of the neuropathic state (Bennett's model) on CS-induced expression of IEGPs has not been studied. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of Arc, c-Fos and Zif268 immunoreactivity prior to and after conditioning stimulation in animals with developed neuropathic pain, with sham operated, non-ligated controls. MethodsTwenty-four animals were divided equally into the neuropathic and non-neuropathic groups. Neuropathic pain was induced in all animals by conducting a loose ligation of the sciatic nerve with Chromic Catgut 4.0 sutures 7 days prior to conditioning stimulation or sham operation. The loose ligation was performed by placing sutures around the sciatic nerve compressing the nerve slightly just enough to reduce but not completely diminish the perineural circulation. A state of neuropathy was confirmed by a significant decrease in mechanical withdrawal threshold measured by von Frey's fibres. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on transverse sections obtained from the L3–L5 segments of the SC at 2 and 6h post-CS and IEGP positive cells were counted in lamina I and II of the dorsal horn. During statistical analyses, the groups were compared by means of analysis of variance (univariate general linear model). If significant differences were found, each set of animals was compared with the sham group with post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison test. ResultsStrikingly, all IEGPs exhibited a significant increase in immunoreactivity at both time points compared to time-matched, sham operated controls. Maximal IEGP expression was found 2h after CS in neuropathic rats, and there was a smaller but still significant increase 6h after CS. The unstimulated side of the dorsal horn in stimulated animals did not show any significant change of the number of IEGP positive cells and was approximately at the same level as sham operated animals. The number of IEGP positive cells in sham operated controls (non-neuropathic and non-stimulated animals) showed same immunoreactivity in 2 and 6h post sham operation. Conclusions and implicationsThe neurophysiological process of neuropathic pain development is complex and needs to be studied further in order to clarify its nature and components. This present study is meant to reveal a step towards further understanding the role of Arc, c-Fos and Zif268 in neuropathic pain. Moreover, this study might contribute to the knowledge base for further research on better therapeutic possibilities for neuropathic pain.

Evaluation of thermal stability and isochronal crystallization kinetics in the Ti40Zr25Ni8Cu9Be18 bulk metallic glass

The thermal stability of Ti40Zr25Ni8Cu9Be18 bulk metallic glass was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Under non-isothermal heating process, the results indicate that the Ti40Zr25Ni8Cu9Be18 bulk metallic glass show two crystallization processes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted at room temperature and annealed temperature to examine the phase nature. Several theoretical models were used to analyze the apparent activation energies for characteristic temperatures (i.e. the glass transition temperature, the onset temperature of the crystallization, etc.). The results show that the apparent activation energies for characteristic temperatures in the Ti40Zr25Ni8Cu9Be18 bulk metallic glass by Kissinger model, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa model, Augis–Bennett model and Gao–Wang model are in good agreement with each other. The average values of the Avrami exponent n in the first and the second crystallization processes for the Ti40Zr25Ni8Cu9Be18 bulk metallic glass are around 1.41 and 2.47, respectively. The apparent activation energies are determined by different isoconversion methods, the values are close to each other in both crystallization processes.

Crystallization kinetics and molecular mobility of an amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredient: A case study with Biclotymol

The present case study focuses on the crystallization kinetics and molecular mobility of an amorphous mouth and throat drug namely Biclotymol, through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature resolved X-ray powder diffraction (TR-XRPD) and hot stage microscopy (HSM). Kinetics of crystallization above the glass transition through isothermal and non-isothermal cold crystallization were considered. Avrami model was used for isothermal crystallization process. Non-isothermal cold crystallization was investigated through Augis and Bennett model. Differences between crystallization processes have been ascribed to a site-saturated nucleation mechanism of the metastable form, confirmed by optical microscopy images. Regarding molecular mobility, a feature of molecular dynamics in glass-forming liquids as thermodynamic fragility index m was determined through calorimetric measurements. It turned out to be around m=100, describing Biclotymol as a fragile glass-former for Angell’s classification. Relatively long-term stability of amorphous Biclotymol above Tg was analyzed indirectly by calorimetric monitoring to evaluate thermodynamic parameters and crystallization behavior of glassy Biclotymol. Within eight months of storage above Tg (T=Tg+2°C), amorphous Biclotymol does not show a strong inclination to crystallize and forms a relatively stable glass. This case study, involving a multidisciplinary approach, points out the importance of continuing looking for stability predictors.

Thermal and kinetic parameters of 30Li2O–55B2O3–5ZnO–xTiO2–(10−x)V2O5 (0 ≤ x ≤ 10) glasses

In the present investigation, the effects of titanium and vanadium concentration on the thermal properties have been studied for 30Li2O–55B2O3–5ZnO–xTiO2–(10−x)V2O5 (0 ≤ x ≤ 10) glasses. To understand the crystallization mechanics, activation energy has been calculated using two different approaches, i.e., Kissinger model and Augis and Bennett model. Using the derivative differential thermal analysis, the inflection point temperature (Tf) and crystallization constants ky(T) and kf(T), for different heating rates, have also been obtained for all the glasses. Furthermore, kinetic parameters such as fluctuation free volume (fg) and change in bulk thermal expansion coefficient (αf) have been calculated for all the glass samples. The replacement of V2O5 by TiO2 induces phase separation in glasses.

Crystallization kinetics and magnetic properties of FeSiCr amorphous alloy powder cores

The crystallization kinetics of FeSiCr amorphous alloy, characterized by the crystallization activation energy, Avrami exponent and frequency factor, was studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements. The crystallization activation energy and frequency factor of amorphous alloy calculated from Augis–Bennett model were 476kJ/mol and 5.5×1018s−1, respectively. The Avrami exponent n was calculated to be 2.2 from the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) equation. Toroid-shaped Fe-base amorphous powder cores were prepared from the commercial FeSiCr amorphous alloy powder and subsequent cold pressing using binder and insulation. The characteristics of FeSiCr amorphous alloy powder and the effects of compaction pressure and insulation content on the magnetic properties, i.e., effective permeability μe, quality factor Q and DC-bias properties of FeSiCr amorphous alloy powder cores, were investigated. The FeSiCr amorphous alloy powder cores exhibit a high value of quality factor and a stable permeability in the frequency range up to 1MHz, showing superior DC-bias properties with a “percent permeability” of more than 82% at H=100Oe.

Agglomeration of turmeric powder and its effect on physico-chemical and microstructural characteristics

Agglomerated foods have gained attention in recent years due to their convenience in use. Turmeric powder has been subjected to agglomeration process at different moisture contents (10–28%) and steaming times (0–60min). Experimental cumulative particle size distribution data of agglomerated samples can be predicted well (0.951⩽r⩽0.999, p⩽0.01) with Rosin–Rammler–Bennett model. The functional properties related to hydration characteristics like wetting time (10–35s) and sinking time (15–115s) of agglomerated samples decrease with an increase in moisture content and/or steaming time. Microstructural observation shows that the non-agglomerated sample possesses spheroids and ellipsoids of different sizes. The size of agglomerates ranges between 50 and 160μm; their shape varies from spheroid to elongated ellipsoids. Image analysis infers that the size related parameters increase with an increase in moisture content/steaming time. A four-layered artificial neural network having a structure of 2–10-8–4 has been developed to predict the agglomeration process of turmeric powder.

An improved experimental model for peripheral neuropathy in rats

A modification of the Bennett and Xie chronic constriction injury model of peripheral painful neuropathy was developed in rats. Under tribromoethanol anesthesia, a single ligature with 100% cotton glace thread was placed around the right sciatic nerve proximal to its trifurcation. The change in the hind paw reflex threshold after mechanical stimulation observed with this modified model was compared to the change in threshold observed in rats subjected to the Bennett and Xie or the Kim and Chung spinal ligation models. The mechanical threshold was measured with an automated electronic von Frey apparatus 0, 2, 7, and 14 days after surgery, and this threshold was compared to that measured in sham rats. All injury models produced significant hyperalgesia in the operated hind limb. The modified model produced mean ± SD thresholds in g (19.98 ± 3.08, 14.98 ± 1.86, and 13.80 ± 1.00 at 2, 7, and 14 days after surgery, respectively) similar to those obtained with the spinal ligation model (20.03 ± 1.99, 13.46 ± 2.55, and 12.46 ± 2.38 at 2, 7, and 14 days after surgery, respectively), but less variable when compared to the Bennett and Xie model (21.20 ± 8.06, 18.61 ± 7.69, and 18.76 ± 6.46 at 2, 7, and 14 days after surgery, respectively). The modified method required less surgical skill than the spinal nerve ligation model.

The Antinociceptive Effect of the Asthma Drug Ibudilast in Rat Models of Peripheral and Central Neuropathic Pain

Ibudilast, an asthma drug, has demonstrated antinociceptive effects in several rat models of peripheral neuropathic pain, and a proposed mechanism of action is the inhibition of release of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from activated spinal microglia. Spinal glial activation has also been demonstrated in rat models of central neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI). The current study evaluated the effect of a short course of treatment with ibudilast on SCI-induced pain, and for comparison, following a chronic constriction injury (CCI; the Bennett model) of the sciatic nerve in rats. The effects of ibudilast treatment on spinal (SCI and CCI rats), and nerve tissue (CCI only) TNF-α content were also evaluated. Following an acute midthoracic SCI with a microvascular clip (20-g force), hindpaw withdrawal thresholds were significantly decreased, indicating below-level cutaneous tactile hypersensitivity. Likewise, unilateral loose ligation of the sciatic nerve led to a robust ipsilateral tactile hypersensitivity. Rats were treated with either ibudilast (10 mg/kg IP) or vehicle (2 mL/kg) during the period of robust and steady hindpaw hypersensitivity for each model--CCI rats were treated 14-16 days post-surgery, and SCI rats were treated 30-32 days post-surgery--and tested daily. Ibudilast ameliorated hindpaw hypersensitivity in both SCI and CCI rats, whereas vehicle treatment had no effect. Interestingly, repeated treatment led to increased baseline thresholds, beyond the duration of the drug half-life, suggesting persistent changes in neuropathic pain processing. In SCI rats, an increase in TNF-α content in spinal tissue rostral to the SCI was observed. Ibudilast treatment did not significantly alter this increase. In rats with a CCI, TNF-α content was markedly increased in the ipsilateral sciatic nerve and was partially reduced following ibudilast, but not vehicle, treatment. Ibudilast could be useful for the treatment of neuropathic pain of central as well as peripheral origin.

Evaluation of Anticonvulsants for Possible Use in Neuropathic Pain

Neuropathic pain is a kind of pain related with functional abnormality of neurons. Despite large progress in pharmacotherapy, neuropathic pain is still considered an unmet need. Nowadays, there are few drugs registered for this condition, such as pregabalin, gabapentin, duloxetine, carbamazepine, and lidocaine. Among them, pregabalin, gabapentin and carbamazepine are well known antiepileptic drugs. Among the group of new antiepileptic drugs, which are addressed to 1% of human world population suffering from seizures, it turned out that 30% of the seizures resistant to pharmacotherapy has not enough market to justify the costs of drug development. Therefore, it is already a phenomenon that researchers turn their projects toward a larger market, related with possible similar mechanism. Anticonvulsant mechanism of action is in the first place among primary indications for drugs revealing potential analgesic activity. Therefore, many drug candidates for epilepsy, still in preclinical stage, are being evaluated for activity in neuropathic pain. This review is focusing on antiepileptic drugs, which are evaluated for their analgesic activity in major tests related with neuropathic pain. Relation between structure, mechanism of action and result in tests such as the Chung model (spinal nerve ligation SNL), the Bennett model (chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve CCI) and other tests are considered. The first examples are carbamazepine, gabapentin, and lacosamide as drugs well established in epilepsy market as well as drug candidates such as valnoctamide, and other valproic acid derivatives, novel biphenyl pyrazole derivatives, etc. Moreover, clinical efficacy related with listed animal models has been discussed.

The Influence of a Multicultural Education Program based on Bennett's Model on Multicultural Awareness and Self-esteem

The Influence of a Multicultural Education Program based on Bennett's Model on Multicultural Awareness and Self-esteem