Benishangul Gumuz Regional State Research Articles

Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Dibatie district, Metekel zone, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, western Ethiopia

BackgroundPlants deliver livelihood and food for millions of people in the world. Indeed, wild edible plants support rural communities in developing countries to overcome seasonal unfavorable conditions. In rural areas of Ethiopia, wild edible plants play an indispensable role in fighting food insecurity as emergency or supplementary foods. Hence, this research was aimed at studying the ethnobotanical assessment of wild edible plants in Dibatie district, Metekel zone, western Ethiopia.MethodsEthnobotanical data was collected using a semi-structured interview, field observation, focus group discussions, a market survey, and the ranking of selected plants. Besides, voucher specimens were collected and stored at the National Herbarium of Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, and familiarity index were computed for data analysis.ResultsThis study has documented 54 wild edible plant species belonging to 33 plant families and 46 genera. Of these, most (38.90%) had tree growth habits. Wild edible plants bear mostly fruits (72.20%) as edible parts. Local people usually consume these plants freshly raw as complementary foods, though some wild edibles require processing. They were mostly harvested in the January (31.48%) and May (27.78%) months, with the least collected in September (7.41%). Most wild edible plants (78.57%) were available in uncontrolled habitats, while others (21.43%) live in farmlands, home gardens, and as live fences. Out of the recorded plants, about 98% had additional uses besides their nutritional values.ConclusionWild edible plants assist the livelihoods of the local people in food security, agriculture, energy sources, construction, medicines, ecological services, aesthetics, income generation, and household utensils. Nevertheless, wild edible plants are recently threatened due to various anthropogenic factors in the study area. Thus, they need wise use and in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures from all the concerned bodies for sustainable use in the future.

Unraveling the Complex Dynamics: A Comprehensive Examination of the Underlying Causes of Conflicts in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

This study described the underlying causes of conflicts in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State. Five ethnic groups own the region by constitution, namely Gumuz, Benishangul, Shinasha, Mao, and Komo. Additionally, there are other ethnic groups living in the region, including Amhara, Oromo, Agew, Kenbata, Tegrian, and others. The study used descriptive and exploratory research types, and the target population was the region's population. The sample size was 400, for which systematic sampling techniques would be used. The study used both primary and secondary data sources. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The region was endowed with different natural resources, like gold, marble, coal, granite, and other minerals, as well as fertile land suitable for agriculture and pastoral purposes. Due to this endowment of natural resources, many ethnic groups migrate from other parts of the country and live in the region. Based on the findings of the study, the leading causes of conflicts in the region were misunderstanding of local communities, unfair distribution of natural resources, lack of accommodation for diversity, lack of infrastructure, weak government administration, and illegal participation of political parties, internal and external intervention actors.

Analysis of Determinants of Soybean (Glycine max.) Market Supply in the Case of Assosa Zone of Benishangulgumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

Analysis of Determinants of Soybean (Glycine max.) Market Supply in the Case of Assosa Zone of Benishangulgumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

Constraints and Opportunity of Teff Production in the Case of Assosa Woreda, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

Constraints and Opportunity of Teff Production in the Case of Assosa Woreda, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

Factors Affecting Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises in Kurmuk Woreda; Benishangul Gumuz Regional State

Factors Affecting Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises in Kurmuk Woreda; Benishangul Gumuz Regional State

Securitization of Politics in Ethiopia: Scrutinizing Crisis in Western Oromia in Post-2018

The article is aimed to scrutinize security crisis in Western part of Oromia, within the broader context of unearthed securization of politics in Ethiopia. The post-2018 political situation in Ethiopia is characterized by severe security crises in almost all parts of the country, and these security crises have regional and international dimensions. Politicians build security sectors to secure their political life when the normative political process has stalled. There are also ongoing security crises in the western part of Oromia Regional State, ranging from the displacement of Oromo from Benishangul Gumuz Regional State and border areas in Oromia to the ongoing massive massacres of Oromo in East and Horro Guduruu Wallagga by mercenaries from Amhara Regional State, to ongoing human rights violations such as arrests, extrajudicial killings, etc. Accordingly, this article intended to discuss the imperatives of securitized political issues in perpetuated security crisis in Western Oromia since 2018. The research was approached as qualitative research with a case study design to exhaustively discuss the security crisis in West Oromia as a particular case. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected through interviews, personal observations, and semi-structured conversations with peers, while secondary data was obtained through a content analysis of the literature. The research found that the failure of the 2018 political transition perpetuated a security crisis across the country. Western Oromia is marked as a sensitive political ecology, and political issues are highly securitized. Geographically speaking, West Oromia is viewed as an outlying area, yet it holds a central position within the national political landscape. Hence, within the examined region, political inquiries are approached through security measures, resulting in a complex security crisis with severe consequences for the local population. Therefore, desecuritizing the political agenda and giving a chance to normative politics or finding a “political solution to the political problem” is recommended as the only way forward in the country.

Fish Resource Survey in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State based on Fish Resource Survey in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State

The Benshangul Gumuz Regional State has ample natural resources; water bodies constitute perennial and intermittent rivers, reservoirs and flood plains with diversified fish species. The fishery resource has been exploited for centuries mainly by indigenous Gumuz and Berta peoples. The total annual harvestable fish from major Rivers is estimated to be 2400 tons/yr and River Abay covers 70% of the region’s total potential. The catch has never been recorded systematically and exact data are not known. However, the rural household based socio-economic survey conducted in 2006 indicated that from all sampled 150 Kebeles, 132 Kebeles (88%) used fish from the rivers. The survey reveals also that 70-83% of 20 Kebeles, 50-70% of 10 Kebeles and 10-45% of 19 Kebeles population have access for fishing at the nearby rivers. The whole population of Mandura and Sirba Abay Woredas and 83% of the population in 36 Kebeles of Maokomo, Guba, Bulen and Kemashi Woredas used fish for food. The current exploitation level is estimated only at 183 tons/yr. The catches are used mostly for home consumption and rarely sold in marketing places as fresh and/or dried when the production exceeds the needs of the family. Along the river coastal areas per capita consumption of fish amongst the peoples reaches about 22 kg/person/yr. Fishes are of special significance for food security in the region, as all the fish caught is going to be consumed by local communities.

Time to recovery and its determinant factors among patients with COVID-19 in Assosa COVID-19 treatment center, Western Ethiopia

BackgroundThe Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global threat. Determining the time to recovery from COVID-19 is intended to assist healthcare professionals in providing better care, and planning logistics. So, the study aimed to identify the factors that affect the time to recovery from COVID-19 for patients treated at Assosa COVID-19 treatment center, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective study design was conducted on 334 randomly selected COVID-19 patients at Assosa COVID-19 treatment center from February 2021 to July 2021. The median survival time, Kaplan–Meier survival estimate, and Log-Rank test were used to describe the data and compare the survival time between groups. The study used the Cox PH model to analyze the time to the first recovery of COVID-19 patients, where hazard ratio, p-value, and 95% CI for hazard ratio were used for testing significance. Schoenfeld and Cox-Snell residuals were used for checking the model assumption.ResultsThe overall incidence rate was 13.79 per 100 (95% CI: 10.04, 18.95) person-days observations. The median time to recovery was 16 days. At the end of the follow-up, 77.2% of the patients had developed an event of recovery, and the rest 22.8% were censored. The mean age of patients was 45.22 years. Severe COVID-19 patients (AHR = 0.7876, 95% CI: 0.7090, 0.8748), presence of symptoms (AHR = 0.2814, 95% CI: 0.1340, 0.5914), comorbidity (AHR = 0.1627, 95% CI: 0.1396, 0.1897), ≥ 90 oxygen saturation (AHR = 3.2370, 95% CI: 2.161, 4.848), and being older age (AHR = 0.9840, 95% CI: 0.971, 0.9973) were found to have statistically significant association with the time to recovery from COVID-19.ConclusionThe study concludes that severe COVID-19 patients, male patients, patients having comorbidity, older age, and patients having symptoms as poor prognostic factors of COVID-19 disease and also prolonged recovery time. Therefore, health providers in treatment centers should give strict follow-up and priority to older patients, severe COVID-19 patients, and patients having another co-morbid illness by focusing on respiratory difficulties and underlying pre-existing medical conditions to manage the disease severity and recover quickly.

Postpartum family planning uptake and its associated factors among postpartum women in Asosa zone, Benishangul Gumuz regional state, Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe first twelve months after a woman has given birth is crucial for the use of contraceptives to prevent unintended pregnancy. Most women, especially in developing countries, do not realize that they are at risk for pregnancy during this period. Due to this, contraceptive use by women is ignored at this time.ObjectiveThis study assessed the associated factors of postpartum family planning (PPFP) service uptake in the Asosa zone.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 postpartum women in the Asosa zone. An interviewer-administered, structured, and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and cleaning were done using Epi Info version 7.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with postpartum family planning uptake.ResultsThe majority of the study participants, 384 (97.2%), had heard about at least one method of family planning. Nearly two-thirds of the study participants (64.1%) had resumed sexual intercourse. Only 53.5% of the participants started using PPFP. Injectable forms (54.7%) and implants (26.4%) were the most commonly used methods. More than one-fourth (27.4%) did not use their preferred methods. Family planning use before index pregnancy (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.65, 8.82), previous use of PPFP (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.33, 4.38)] and health facility delivery (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.46, 5.49)] were significantly associated with uptake of postpartum family planning.Conclusion and recommendation: Postpartum family planning uptake in the study area was low. Uptake of PPFP was correlated with prior family planning usage and delivery at a healthcare facility. Given these factors, we recommend all study area stakeholders to promote family planning use among women of reproductive age and to encourage deliveries at healthcare facilities. Designing a method to reach women who give birth at home for a variety of reasons is also advisable. Unavailability of different forms of FP also made the participants not use the preferred option. Therefore, we recommend the stakeholders in the study area to avail variety of FP methods.

High-modernist intervention and the prolonged frontier conflict in Metekel, North-West Ethiopia: the case of the grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam

ABSTRACTThis study explores the interface of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), a high-modernist hydraulic scheme, with the protracted frontier conflict in Metekel Zone of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State. Without downplaying the national technocratic ambitions that it invokes, based on fieldwork conducted in 2022, the study witnessed as the dam’s presence in Metekel has escalated the perennial state-local skirmishes, rekindled inter-group hostilities, and ultimately trans-nationalized the frontier mayhem in the area. Such impacts of the dam were rooted in the state’s long-held frontier imagination and coercive relocation program through which hegemonic high-modernist narratives contested locals’ lived experiences. Differential local impacts of the dam, its role in mounting competing territorialities, and the concomitance of the trans-national feud with local discords were also equally influencing. However, the interface between the GERD and frontier struggles in Metekel was broadly shaped by the frontier’s history and national governance policies. In revealing so, the study provides insights that complement debates about frontier dynamics and struggles in Ethiopia and Africa, which tend to concentrate on tensions related to land transfer for private investors. Indeed, frontier struggles seem too complex: one must interrogate multiple actors, the complex history, and a broader range of issues with local, national, and regional dimensions.

Cultural competence and associated factors among nurses working in public health institutions in the Assosa zone, Benishangul Gumuz regional state, Ethiopia, 2022

BackgroundCultural competence is one of the principal foundations of clinical nursing. In Ethiopia, nurses in nursing care still focus more on physical needs, the healing process, and treatment and less on the cultural aspects of the patient.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the cultural competence and associated factors among nurses working in public health institutions found in the Assosa Zone, West Ethiopia, in 2022.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 362 nurses who were selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected using a structured, self-administered English version of the Nurse Cultural Competence Scale Questionnaire for Nurses. The data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25. Linear regression analysis was used to identify factors statistically significantly associated with the cultural competence of nurses at a p-value < 0.05.ResultOverall The mean score of cultural competence of participants was 113 (CI, 111.7–115.7), with a mean item score of 3.2 (CI, 3.15–3.26).Nurse-to-patient ratio (B;.93, CI;.59_1.3), experience with previously working in a primary hospital than the current health institution (B; -11.1, CI; -18_-4.2), and experience with previously working in a health center than the current health institution (B; -11.5, C;-18.5_-4.8), being diploma education level (B; -23.2, CL;-32_-14.8), being BSC education level (B;-20.3, CI;-28_-12.3), and the presence of a feedback system in a health facility (B; 13.5, CI; 9.5_17.5) were identified as predicted factors of cultural competences.ConclusionThe overall mean score of the cultural competencies of the participants was moderate. To improve the cultural competence of nurses, it is typically necessary to provide educational opportunities to raise their educational level and establish a feedback system in all health institutions across the nation.

Farmers' Perception of Climate Change and Their Adaptation Strategies in Assosa Zone of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

Farmers' Perception of Climate Change and Their Adaptation Strategies in Assosa Zone of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

Predictors of Time-to-Death Among Under-Five Children in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Although Ethiopia attained the fourth-millennium development goal, it promised to decrease the under-five children's death rate in 2015. However, the under-five children death rate has still remained a major public health problem in the Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State at the country level. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the predictor factors associated with the under-five children death rate in the Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State. Methods: A community-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was used. The information gathered from 906 children born five years preceding the survey was measured. Variables such as maternal and child demographic characteristics, health, and environmental factors were measured as predictor factors of under-five children's death rate. The study used descriptive statistics, and Cox Proportional-hazard (PH) regression model to identify the major significant predictor factors associated with under-five children's death rate. Results: The overall prevalence of experiencing under-five children death rate was 9.3% [95%CI: 0.0738, 0.112] in the Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State. The Cox PH regression model analysis revealed, being multiple births (AHR = 2.17; 95% CI (1.17–4.20)), using unprotected well water (AHR = 2.13; 95% CI (1.32–3.42)), parity between 6–8 (AHR = 3.16; 95% CI (1.40–7.16)) and 9 and above (AHR = 7.86; 95% CI (2.23–27.72)), the agricultural sector of mother’s occupation (AHR = 0.39; 95% CI (0.20–0.76)) and family size (AHR = 0.74; 95% CI (0.60–0.93)) were significantly associated with a higher risk of under-five children death rate. An increment in family size and parity increases the risk of under-five children's death rate. Conclusions: The study identified the source of drinking water, family size, parity, mother’s occupation and type of childbirth were the predictor factors significantly associated with under-five children death. The prevalence of under-five children death rate shows that Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State was experiencing a higher death rate than the national level. Therefore, both government policymakers and other concerned organizations should be given special attention to the major predictor factors of the under-five children's death rate and do greater emphasis on decreasing under-five children's death rate, and health intervention policies must be studied.

Models Comparative Study for Estimating Crop Water Requirement and Irrigation Scheduling of Maize in Metekel Zone, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

This study was aimed to compare estimation methods of crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling for major crops using different models and compare the significance of models for adoption at different situations in Metekel zone. Crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of maize in selected districts of Metekel zone were estimated using CropWat model based on soil, crop and meteorological data and AquaCrop based on soil, crop and meteorological data including Co 2 , groundwater, field management, and fertility status. Model performance was evaluated using Normalized Root mean square errors (NRMSE), model by Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), Prediction error (Pe), and Model efficiency (MF). It is observed that the maximum reference evapotranspiration in the study area was found to be 7.1 mm/day in Guba and minimum reference evapotranspiration was 2.9 mm/day in Bullen district. In all cases, the maximum ETo in all districts was fund to in March and the lowest in August. The maximum ETc of maize was found to be 702.4mm in Guba district and minimum ETc was found to be 572.6mm in Bullen district using CropWat but the effective rainfall (Pe) for maize were determined as 185mm respectively in Wembera district. However, using AquaCrop model the maximum ETc of 565 mm was recorded in Guba but 425 mm was recorded as minimum in Wembera district for irrigated maize in the study area. The study revealed that the irrigation scheduling with a fixed interval criterion for maize 10 days with 12 irrigation events has been determined. Moreover, furrow irrigation with 60 % irrigation application efficiency was adjusted during irrigation water applications for all districts. The performance of the irrigation schedule and crop response was evaluated by the analysis results in the simulation using different models. It has been observed that there was a strong relationship and a significant relation between the simulated and observed values for validation. Hence, Normalized Root mean square errors (NRMSE), model by Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), Prediction error (Pe), and Model efficiency (MF) showed that AquaCrop model well simulated in all parameters considered. AquaCrop model is the most suitable soil-water-crop-environment management model, so future studies should suggest a focus on addressing deficit irrigation strategy with different field management conditions to improve agricultural water productivity under irrigated agriculture for the study area for major crops. Keywords: Depilation, Irrigation events, AquaCrop, Fixed interval and Deficit Irrigation. DOI: 10.7176/JEES/13-1-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Grain mould fungi of sorghum caryopses in Benishangul Gumuz, Ethiopia

Sorghum is one of the staple food crops in Ethiopia. However, several grainmould fungi challenge sorghum production. Graina mould fungi invasion of sorghum caryopses was studied on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Blotter techniques of ISTA for seventy-two sorghum grain samples collected in Assosa and Metekel Zones of Benishangul Gumuz regional state, Western Ethiopia. Thirty-two fungal species were identified and grouped into nineteen genera from sorghum grain sampled in Assosa and Metekel zones during 2018 and 2019. The most frequently recovered and predominant fungal genera were Fusarium, Epicoccum, Exserohilum, Cladosporium, and Aspergillus. The results revealed that F. moniliforme, E. nigrum, E. turcicum, C. lunata, C. sphaerospermum, F. solani, A. alternata, and Cylindrocarpon spp. were the most frequent and predominate fungal species associated with sorghum grain mould in the region. The PDA was found to be the best medium for isolating mycoflora of sorghum caryopses.

Ethnic Politics and Violation of Basic Civil Rights of Amharas in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State of the Post 1991 Ethiopia

Abstract Ethnic politics, conceptually, entails the political orientation of employing ethnicity as a means of cooperation and conflict. Based on this concept, the study was aimed to examine actors, causes and consequences of the violation plus challenges in preserving civil rights of Amharas in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State (bgrs) of the post 1991 Ethiopia. It applied qualitative research approach. Accordingly, the research found that the major actors on the violation of civil rights of Amharas are ‘titular’ nationalities, public officials, police force and agricultural investors of bgrs. The causes for the violations of rights of Amharas are ethnic attacks and evictions. These maltreatments brought the consequence of eroding their sense of citizenship and potential of development. The challenges for protection of civil rights of Amharas are problems of controlling rulers and exclusionary constitution. Thus, it concluded that civil rights of Amharas in bgrs have no guarantee and requires immediate political solution.

Farm Households Choices of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Variability Challenges in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia

Climate variability and change are a serious threat to the livelihoods of rural communities because they are very sensitive to such changes. This study assesses the major adaptation strategies pursued by farm households to climate variability and change impact in Benishangul Gumuz regional state, western Ethiopia which is harshly affected by climate change stresses. The data were collected from a randomly selected 385 sample households through interview using field-based questionnaires and focus group discussions and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results pointed out that the likelihood of households to adopt crop diversity, soil and water conservation practice, small scale irrigation, crop rotation, adjusting planting date and improved crop varieties were 54.2%, 49.8%, 47.3%, 45.3%, 44.4% and 43.5% respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that the joint likelihood of using all adaptation strategies was only 1.64% and the joint likelihood of failure to adopt all of the adaptation strategies was 2.92%. Therefore, future policy should focus on towards supporting improved extension service, offer climate related training and information especially to adaptation technologies to increase the farm households experience in adopting different strategies to the negative effects of climate variability which is a global problem of this century.

Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Species Composition of Malaria Mosquitoes in Selected Districts of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia

The highest malaria transmission risk as stratified by annual parasite incidence, appears largely in Benishangul Gumuz region, the lowland and midlands of the western border with Sudan and South Sudan. The effectiveness of malaria vector control strategy depends on knowledge of factors that determine vector density and distribution, affecting adult Anopheles vector population dynamics and malaria transmission. This study aimed to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution and species composition of Anopheles mosquitos in western Ethiopia. The study was conducted in three districts of Assosa Zone (Assosa, Homosha and Bambasi), Benishangul Gumuz regional state. Adult and larva of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using standard techniques after the long rainy season (October 2020-December 2020) and Dry season (January to February 2021). After collection, the data were analyzed using SPSS software. A total of 2063 Anopheles mosquitoes (1745 larvae and 318 adults) were collected during the study period and categorized into five Anopheles species (An. gambiae, An. funestus, An. coustani, An. ziemanni, and An. squamosus). Among all species An. gambiae s.l. (1548, 88.7%) was the predominant species while An. squamous (14, 0.8%) was the least dominant. From the three districts, the highest Anopheles mosquito specimens were collected from Bambasi (917, 52.6% larval and 126, 39.6% adult). And out of all collection months, the highest number of larvae and adult mosquitoes was collected during October. Among larval breeding habitats, pond was highly productive for Anopheles mosquitoes. Anopheles mosquitoes prefer to breed in all breeding sites, particularly temporary and sunlit habitats. Anopheles gambiae s.l. predominantly occurs during all seasons in its immature and mature stages, suggesting that malaria is a health problem in the area.

Traditional Forest Beekeeping and Its Challenge in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

The study was conducted to assess the status of traditional forest beekeeping and related challenge faced by the beekeepers in three representative districts of Benishangul Gumuz. Through the systematic random sampling method, 167 households were selected and data were collected through a semi-structured interview schedule. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chisquare test, and T-test of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 23). The result shows as compared to the backyard and other beekeeping systems traditional forest beekeeping (71.30%) was still the major type of honey bee colony management in the region. During honey harvesting, 43.71% of beekeepers harvest any hive product by throwing the hive from the long tree and collecting the entire available hive product at night time of the day. Beekeepers' response shows that the factors were no different (P&gt;0.05) across the district to keep honey bee colonies traditionally in the forest area. The result further indicates the participation of females in the beekeeping sector is still very low level in the study area (10.2%). In conclusion, in the study area due to forest beekeeping practice the honey bee population, diversity, and the hive product highly declined and the beekeepers still have not benefited from the sector. So, to decrease traditional forest beekeeping practice further activities must be done by the government and a research center on the integrated improved forest beekeeping, awareness creation, and on reducing honey bee race aggressiveness behavior

Challenges and opportunities of indigenous dairy production and management: The case of selected rural villages in Bambasi District, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia

The data sources were both primary and secondary data. To enable an analysis of data collected through questionnaire, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 20) was used. The mean family size of the respondents was 6.04. The mean and SDs of cattle holding per household was (8.38±4.91). The total (67.9%) of respondents were having not have owned grazing land for their dairy cows. Tryponomiasis disease (Gendi) ranked first, Pasteurellosis disease second, and external parasites were third. (98.2%) respondents rear indigenous breeds. The mean daily milk production per cow was 1.4 liters. More than half of the milk was used for family consumption. Milk is sold in the area through an informal market directly to the retailer. Technical strategies to support smallholder cattle production should focus on improving technical and institutional constraints by providing adequate veterinary services, improving fodder cultivation, proper crop residue management, and improvement, supplying medical equipment and medicines, adequate extension service, improved water availability, and improving breeding systems. To ensure a reliable feed supply throughout the year, fodder conservation practices, especially hay and crop residues, should be encouraged.