Unraveling the Complex Dynamics: A Comprehensive Examination of the Underlying Causes of Conflicts in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract

This study described the underlying causes of conflicts in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State. Five ethnic groups own the region by constitution, namely Gumuz, Benishangul, Shinasha, Mao, and Komo. Additionally, there are other ethnic groups living in the region, including Amhara, Oromo, Agew, Kenbata, Tegrian, and others. The study used descriptive and exploratory research types, and the target population was the region's population. The sample size was 400, for which systematic sampling techniques would be used. The study used both primary and secondary data sources. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The region was endowed with different natural resources, like gold, marble, coal, granite, and other minerals, as well as fertile land suitable for agriculture and pastoral purposes. Due to this endowment of natural resources, many ethnic groups migrate from other parts of the country and live in the region. Based on the findings of the study, the leading causes of conflicts in the region were misunderstanding of local communities, unfair distribution of natural resources, lack of accommodation for diversity, lack of infrastructure, weak government administration, and illegal participation of political parties, internal and external intervention actors.