Benign Tumor Tissues Research Articles

Tumor-agnostic cancer therapy using antibodies targeting oncofetal chondroitin sulfate

Molecular similarities between embryonic and malignant cells can be exploited to target tumors through specific signatures absent in healthy adult tissues. One such embryonic signature tumors express is oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS), which supports disease progression and dissemination in cancer. Here, we report the identification and characterization of phage display-derived antibody fragments recognizing two distinct ofCS epitopes. These antibody fragments show binding affinity to ofCS in the low nanomolar range across a broad selection of solid tumor types in vitro and in vivo with minimal binding to normal, inflamed, or benign tumor tissues. Anti-ofCS antibody drug conjugates and bispecific immune cell engagers based on these targeting moieties disrupt tumor progression in animal models of human and murine cancers. Thus, anti-ofCS antibody fragments hold promise for the development of broadly effective therapeutic and diagnostic applications targeting human malignancies.

Automated system utilizing non-invasive technique mammograms for breast cancer detection

In order to increase the likelihood of obtaining treatment and achieving a complete recovery, early illness identification and diagnosis are crucial. Artificial intelligence is helpful with this process by allowing us to rapidly start the necessary protocol for treatment in the early stages of disease development. Artificial intelligence is a major contributor to the improvement of medical treatment for patients. In order to prevent and foresee this problem on the individual, family, and generational levels, Monitoring the patient's therapy and recovery is crucial. This study's objective is to outline a non-invasive method for using mammograms to detect breast abnormalities, classify breast disorders, and identify cancerous or benign tumor tissue in the breast. We used classification models on a dataset that has been pre-processed so that the number of samples is balanced, unlike previous work on the same dataset. Identifying cancerous or benign breast tissue requires the use of supervised learning techniques and algorithms, such as random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT) classifiers, to examine up to thirty features, such as breast size, mass, diameter, circumference, and the nature of the tumor (solid or cystic). To ascertain if the tissue is malignant or benign, the examination's findings are employed. These features are mostly what determines how effectively anything may be categorized. The DT classifier was able to get a score of 95.32%, while the RF satisfied a far higher 98.83 percent.

Intraosseous hibernoma mimicking sclerotic bone metastasis-a case report.

Intraosseous hibernoma is an uncommon presentation of brown adipose tissue benign tumors. Imaging differential diagnoses include bone island, sclerotic metastasis, lymphoma, hemangioma, and sclerotic myeloma. In this report, a 72-year-old patient presented with right hip pain following a fall injury, leading to an extensive diagnostic workup. Initial CT of the pelvis without contrast suggested potential sclerotic metastatic disease. MRI findings could not be definitive. Further assessment with CT-guided biopsy and S-100 immunohistochemical staining confirmed a rare diagnosis of intraosseous hibernoma. This case describes multimodality imaging characteristics of a rare intraosseous hibernoma with discussion of imaging features of differential diagnostic considerations of related benign and malignant bone lesions.

Preliminary exploration of Trop2 ADC in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the different molecular subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma.

e12558 Background: Human trophoblastic cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is a transmembrane protein overexpressed in breast cancer tissues. However, it is present at minimal levels in adult somatic tissues, making it an ideal target for treatment with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Sacituzumab govitecan, an anti-Trop2 ADC, has been approved for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and urothelial cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that human cytotoxic T lymphocytes can recognize Trop2. Accordingly, we aimed to assess the role of Trop2 in the tumor immune activity of different subtypes of breast cancer, and laying the foundation for further studies on the efficacy of the combination of Trop2 ADC and immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer. Methods: We retrospectively retrieved tissues from 152 invasive breast carcinoma of no special type and 111 benign breast tumor tissues and undergoing surgical resection at our institution from 2018 to 2023. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect Trop2 and PD-L1 expression and lymphatic invasion in patients, and their correlations with clinicopathological factors were analyzed. Trop2 expression was evaluated using the H-score. The median as the cut-off value, a score of 0–240 indicated low expression, and 240–300 indicated high expression. Cases with CPS ≥ 1% were considered positive for PD-L1. Results: The expression was Trop2 in breast cancer tissues than in benign tumor tissues (P<0.0001). Immune infiltration analysis suggested that Trop2 expression was correlated with immune cell infiltration and the abundance (P<0.001). Kaplan–Meier plotter analysis demonstrated that high Trop2 expression was related to poor prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (overall survival: HR=1.53, P=0.029; relapse-free survival: HR=1.26, P=0.045). In contrast, Trop2 expression was not significantly associated with prognosis in other breast cancer subtypes. However, there was no statistically significant correlation found between PD-L1 expression and Trop-2 expression in breast cancer. Conclusions: The findings suggest that Trop2 correlates with poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in breast cancer. This indicates the role of Trop2 as a potential prognostic biomarker, laying the foundation for further research focusing on the immune regulatory role of Trop2. [Table: see text]

Breast Cancer: Mitochondria-Centered Metabolic Alterations in Tumor and Associated Adipose Tissue.

The close cooperation between breast cancer and cancer-associated adipose tissue (CAAT) shapes the malignant phenotype, but the role of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and obesity in breast cancer remains undecided, especially in premenopausal women. Here, we examined mitochondrial metabolic dynamics in paired biopsies of malignant versus benign breast tumor tissue and CAAT in normal-weight and overweight/obese premenopausal women. Lower protein level of pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase in malignant tumor tissue indicated decreased carbon flux from glucose into the Krebs cycle, whereas the trend was just the opposite in malignant CAAT. Simultaneously, stimulated lipolysis in CAAT of obese women was followed by upregulated β-oxidation, as well as fatty acid synthesis enzymes in both tumor tissue and CAAT of women with malignant tumors, corroborating their physical association. Further, protein level of electron transport chain complexes was generally increased in tumor tissue and CAAT from women with malignant tumors, respective to obesity. Preserved mitochondrial structure in malignant tumor tissue was also observed. However, mitochondrial DNA copy number and protein levels of PGC-1α were dependent on both malignancy and obesity in tumor tissue and CAAT. In conclusion, metabolic cooperation between breast cancer and CAAT in premenopausal women involves obesity-related, synchronized changes in mitochondrial metabolism.

Role of Human Cytomegalo virus and High Risk Human Papilloma Virus in Breast Cancer

Background: In Iraq, breast tumor is the greatest prevalent form of female malignancy. Increasing research in the past ten years shows that many human malignancies, including breast tumors, are associated with Human Cytomegalovirus and high-risk Human Papilloma Virus. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the role of HPV and HCMV in benign and malignant breast tumors. Methods: This retrospective research used 140 chosen formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pieces of breast specimen taken from 100 patients of breast tumor (70 cases of ductal mammary, 15 patients of lobular cancer, five persons mixed from ductal and lobular cancer and ten persons of medullary cancer) and 20 patients infected with benign epithelial lesion As well as 20 pieces of normal breast tissue as control groups. The range of age was 16-72 years. The study was conducted in hospitals and private laboratories in Kirkuk and Tikrit city from 15th January 2022 to 15th December 2022 using the in situ hybridization (ISH) technique. Results: The archival samples collected were related to breast cancer patients ranging from 16 years to 70 years of age, with a maximum age of 73 years in breast cancer and 60 years in healthy women. ISH found that CMV was positive in (25 percent) breast cancer tissues (25 / 100) according to the control group were negative. While in HPV demonstrated (45%) 45/ 100 breast cancer tissues compared to the control group were negative. Of these, The findings revealed that the spreading of HPV-DNA genotypes in malignant and benign cancer groups were as follows: HPV16 10 (20.8%), HPV 18 10 (20.8%), and HPV 31 28 (58.33%). These results suggest that HPV genotype 31 appeared at a greater rate than other genotypes (16 and 18). In 25 (55.6 percent) cases, the largest ratio of co-infection with several high-risk genotypes of HPV 16 + 18 + 31 was observed. Co-infection in the malignant group with other high-danger HPV genotypes was as follows: HPV 16 +18 6(13.33%), HPV 16 + 31 6(13.33), and HPV 18+31 8(17.8%). Positive signs suggesting high-risk HPV infection were detected for 1/1 (100 percent) of benign breast tumor tissues; 30(66.7 percent) mixed HPV infection was found in 45 cases of malignant breast tumors. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a connection between HCMV and high-oncogenic genotypes of HPV in breast cancer patients.

Towards targeted colorectal cancer biopsy based on tissue morphology assessment by compression optical coherence elastography.

Identifying the precise topography of cancer for targeted biopsy in colonoscopic examination is a challenge in current diagnostic practice. For the first time we demonstrate the use of compression optical coherence elastography (C-OCE) technology as a new functional OCT modality for differentiating between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues in colon and detecting their morphological features on the basis of measurement of tissue elastic properties. The method uses pre-determined stiffness values (Young's modulus) to distinguish between different morphological structures of normal (mucosa and submucosa), benign tumor (adenoma) and malignant tumor tissue (including cancer cells, gland-like structures, cribriform gland-like structures, stromal fibers, extracellular mucin). After analyzing in excess of fifty tissue samples, a threshold stiffness value of 520 kPa was suggested above which areas of colorectal cancer were detected invariably. A high Pearson correlation (r =0.98; p <0.05), and a negligible bias (0.22) by good agreement of the segmentation results of C-OCE and histological (reference standard) images was demonstrated, indicating the efficiency of C-OCE to identify the precise localization of colorectal cancer and the possibility to perform targeted biopsy. Furthermore, we demonstrated the ability of C-OCE to differentiate morphological subtypes of colorectal cancer - low-grade and high-grade colorectal adenocarcinomas, mucinous adenocarcinoma, and cribriform patterns. The obtained ex vivo results highlight prospects of C-OCE for high-level colon malignancy detection. The future endoscopic use of C-OCE will allow targeted biopsy sampling and simultaneous rapid analysis of the heterogeneous morphology of colon tumors.

The content of chemical elements-antioxidants in the tissues of benign and malignant tumors

Background. Copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium play the role of cofactors in the enzymatic link of the antioxidant system and can be singled out as a special group of antioxidant elements. Reorganizations of the antioxidant system during carcinogenesis are reflected in the levels of these bioelements.&#x0D; Aim. Analysis of the antioxidant element concentrations in benign and malignant tumor tissues and assessment of the possibility of their use as markers of neoplasms.&#x0D; Material and methods. Using the methods of atomic emission and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma, the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn and Se were measured in the tissues of benign and malignant neoplasms (surgical material) of 131 residents of Magadan. The objects of the study were benign neoplasia of the intestine, breast and ovary, as well as malignant neoplasia of the intestine, breast, uterus and lung. The ShapiroWilk test, the MannWhitney U test, and correlation analysis were used. Changes were considered significant at p 0.05.&#x0D; Results. In a benign process, all antioxidant elements, in a malignant process, Cu and Zn turned out to be differentiating. The maximum levels of Cu, Zn, Mn and Se were recorded in benign and malignant tumors of the intestine (2.09 and 2.57; 62.99 and 22.22; 0.35 and 0.29; 0.33 and 0.30 g/g, respectively), minimal in benign and malignant breast tumors (0.58 and 0.88; 8.74 and 10.41; 0.08 and 0.19; 0.11 and 0.21 g/g). The value of the Cu/Zn ratio corresponded to the range of 0.0740.111 and significantly prevailed in cancer (p 0.05). Significant correlations (p 0.037) were recorded only in tumors of the intestine and breast and differed in multidirectional dynamics. Their number decreased in bowel cancer and increased in breast cancer.&#x0D; Conclusion. Malignant neoplasms are distinguished by a higher level of antioxidant elements and atypism of the microelement profile.

Classification of breast cancer images using new transfer learning techniques

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women, which requires building smart systems to help doctors and early detection of cancer. Deep learning applications have emerged in many fields, especially in health care, but there are still some limitations in this technique, such as the small number of classified medical images needed to train deep learning models, so this paper aims to find a solution to this problem by using new techniques for transfer learning by taking advantage of the presence of unclassified medical images of the same disease. The proposed approach was applied to the modified Xception model to classify the histological images of breast cancer in the ICIAR 2018 dataset into four classes: invasive carcinoma, in situ carcinoma, benign tumor, and normal tissue. The proposed approach has obtained 99%,&nbsp; 99.003%,&nbsp; 98.995%,&nbsp; 99%, 98.55%, and&nbsp; 99.14% for accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, sensitivity, and specificity respectively. Our work has been compared with previous works.

FEATURES OF THE EXPRESSION OF MATRICELLULAR GENES (OSTEOPONTIN AND OSTEONECTIN) IN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE PROSTATIC GLAND

Summary. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common oncological diseases in men both in Ukraine and in the world, which determines the need to search for new diagnostic and prognostic markers. According to the data of modern literature, a characteristic feature of malignant growth and progression is the remodeling of the extracellular matrix on the background of an increase in the expression of matricellular proteins (MCP). Aim: to conduct a comparative study of the expression of matricellular genes at the level of mRNA (SPP1 and SPARC) and protein (OPN and ON) in the tissue of benign and malignant tumors of the prostate gland. Objects ОРИГІНАЛЬНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ 5 4 ОНКОЛОГІЯ • Т. 25 • № 1 • 2023 Одержано: 25.04.2023 and methods: the work is based on the analysis of the results of examination and treatment of 50 patients with stage II–III prostate cancer and 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), who were treated during 2015–2021 at the National Cancer Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The study of the expression of matricellular genes at the level of mRNA and protein in the PCa and BPH tissues was carried out using the methods of real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The bioinformatical study of SPP1 and SPARC expression in the tissue of BPH and PCa was carried out using the сamсАРP resource on the Cambridge Dataset (2015). The analysis of the recurrence-free survival rates of patients with PCa depending on the expression of SPP1 and SPARC was carried out using the PROGgeneV2 (GSE40272 Dataset). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism v. 8.00. Results: the analysis of the results of the immunohistochemical study of the MCP established that the PCa tissue is characterized by a high level of OPN and ON. It has been demonstrated that the level of ON expression in the PCa tissue is 2.5 (p &lt; 0.05) times higher compared to BPH tissue. It was found that the level of SPP1 and SPARC in the PCa tissue was 3.9 (p &lt; 0.05) and 28.9 (p &lt; 0.05) times higher compared to the corresponding expression indicators of the studied genes in the tissue of the BPH. It is shown that the rate of recurrence-free 5-year survival decreased by 20.0% (p &lt; 0.05) in patients with PCa with a high level of SPARC mRNA in the tumor tissue. Conclusions: the obtained results indicate the need for further study of the role of MCP genes in the mechanisms of the development of PCa with the aim of using these indicators as markers for the differential diagnosis of the tumor process.

POLYAMINES IN PROSTATE CANCER: THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE AGGRESSIVENESS OF TUMORS AND THE RISK OF DISEASE PROGRESSION

Summary. Altered metabolism is one of the key molecular characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa). The search for new tissue biomarkers that could be used for diagnosis, assessment of aggressiveness and risk of progression of PCa is an urgent problem. In this regard, polyamines (PA) — spermine (Spn), spermidine, putrescine — substances necessary for cell proliferation and growth deserve special attention. Aim: to investigate PA levels in postoperative and biopsy specimens of benign and malignant human prostate tumors to determine the potential for their use for more accurate differential diagnosis, assessment of the aggressiveness of PCa and the risk of disease progression. Object and methods: the study was conducted on 120 postoperative samples from patients with PCa (n = 100) and with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BHP, n = 20), as well as on 40 samples obtained in multifocal trepanbiopsy of prostate (20 samples of malignant tissue and 20 samples of benign tumor tissue). The method of highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine PA. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by the methods of variational statistics using standard licensed computer programs STATISTICA 6.0, Microsoft Excel. The significance of the differences between indicators in different groups was assessed using the Student’s t-test. Differences were considered significant at p &lt; 0.05. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated to identify correlative relationships between the studied indicators. Results: it was established that in prostatic hyperplasia, PA levels are significantly higher than those in malignant tumors of the prostate. The most significant difference between PCa and BHP was observed for Spn. The relationship between the level of Spn and the histological evaluation of the differentiation of the PCa according to the Gleason Score and the risk of disease progression was established. Conclusions: the inverse relationship of Spn levels with the degree of differentiation of tumors according to the Gleason Score and the risk of disease progression indicate the participation of spermine in the formation of the aggressiveness of prostate cancer and demonstrate the perspective of its use as an additional tissue marker for the differential diagnosis of prostate tumors, assessment of the malignancy of prostate cancer and the risk of disease progression.

Copy number variations: A novel molecular marker for papillary thyroid cancer

BackgroundWe aimed to screen tumor-associated functional genes on a large scale through copy number variation (CNV) analysis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). MethodsWe analyzed 74 tissue samples from 41 patients with thyroid nodules. The samples were subjected to whole-genome resequencing and then analyzed by the ‘WISECONDOR’ method. Potential chromosome CNV regions were identified between the different sample groups. ResultsOf the 74 samples from 41 patients, 28 were PTC tissue samples, 29 were para-carcinoma tissue samples, 13 were benign tumor tissue samples and 4 were para-benign tumor tissue samples. According to our findings, PTC can be identified by CNVs at the corresponding positions on chromosomes 5, 7, 8, 10, and 17. For carcinoma tissue, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) of the test method were 100%, 66.7%, 87.5%, 100.0%, 90.0% and 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–1.00) and for para-carcinoma tissue, these values were 96.6%, 75.0%, 96.6%, 75.0%, 93.9% and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.60–1.00). ConclusionCNV analysis assays involving high-volume sequencing analysis can increase the identification of PTC, potentially avoiding errors caused by position deflection in sampling.

A Multilayered, Lesion-Embedded Ultrasound Breast Phantom with Realistic Visual and Haptic Feedback for Needle Biopsy.

Anthropomorphic phantoms have been used to provide residents with training in ultrasound-guided breast biopsy. However, different individuals differ in terms of the acoustic properties and stiffness of their breast tissues. The individual differences should be reflected in the training breast phantoms. This study aimed to develop a breast tissue-mimicking phantom that offers realistic haptic feedback and ultrasound imaging during needle insertion. We investigated the tunability of the mechanical and acoustic properties of breast tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) to emulate fat, glandular and tumor tissues. The Design of experiments (DOE) methods and physician's feedback were used to reveal the effect of component concentration on Young's modulus and acoustic properties of breast TMMs. Furthermore, the relative backscatter power of the TMM was studied to adjust the contrast between the simulated tumor and background glandular tissue. The results indicated that Young's moduli of TMMs could be altered by adjusting the concentrations of glycerol, agar and olive oil. Changing the concentration of silicon carbide in a TMM could enhance the contrast between the target and the background materials in an ultrasound image. Finally, a series of TMMs were suggested for fat, glandular, benign tumor and malignant tumor tissues. A breast phantom with a tunability appropriately reflecting the individual differences of breast tissues was developed.

АНГИОФИБРОМА СТОПЫ (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)

Abstract. Relevance. Angiofibroma (angiomyofibroblastoma) is a rare soft tissue benign tumor. There are no descriptions of foot angiofibrom observations in the Russian specialized literature, which makes publications of this kind of materials relevant. The aim of the study was to analyze the experience of treatment of large locally advanced angiofibroma of the foot. Material and methods of research. A 17-year-old patient, according to ultrasound scanning and MRI, had a significant soft-tissue encapsulated tumor of the right foot. On 06.09.2018, a tumor removal operation was performed from three anatomical approaches - medial, posterior and plantolateral - with the maximum possible compliance with the principles of oncosurgery. Results and discussion. There were no complications, the wound healed by primary tension. Conclusion of histological examination of the extracted fragments of the tumor – angiofibroma of the foot. There is no data on tumor recurrence at the moment – more than three years after surgery. Conclusion. Summing up the data of various authors and our own experience, it can be argued that angiofibroma (angiomyofibroblastoma) is a benign slowly expansively growing tumor, more often localized in the area of the external genitalia mainly in women, but also affecting the foot. An exhaustive preoperative examination using ultrasound scanning and MRI, careful preoperative planning based on the principles of oncosurgery, taking into account the complex topographic and anatomical features of the foot and the full implementation of this plan in a specialized hospital allows you to avoid complications and achieve a long relapse-free period in the surgical treatment of large locally advanced angiofibroma of the foot.

Prognostic significance of CKS2 and CD47 expression in patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy.

To investigate the protein expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 2 (CKS2) and the cluster of differentiation (CD) 47 in gastric cancer (GC) and their clinical significance. A total of 126 GC patients who underwent radical resection were selected as study subjects. Additionally, 32 patients with benign gastric tumour, 42 patients with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIEN), and 49 patients with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIEN) who underwent surgery were selected as the control groups. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CKS2 and CD47 in surgical specimens. We statistically analysed the clinical significance of the expression of the two factors. (1) The positivity rates for CKS2 in benign gastric tumour tissue, LGIEN tissue, HGIEN tissue, and GC tissue gradually increased, that is, 6.3% (2/32), 30.9% (13/42), 38.8% (19/49), and 60.3% (76/126), respectively, and the positivity rates for CD47 were 18.8% (6/32), 38.1% (16/42), 46.9% (23/49), and 65.9% (83/126), respectively. (2) High expression of CKS2 and CD47 were associated with tumour diameter, Lauren classification, number of lymph node metastases, and TNM stage. In addition, the immunohistochemical scores for CKS2 and CD47 were positively correlated (r=.625, P=.000). (3) The median follow-up time of 126 patients was 46.5months, and the overall survival (OS) rate was 40.5% (51/126). Survival analysis showed that compared with that in the CKS2 (-) group, the OS rate for patients in the CKS2 (+) group was significantly worse and that compared with the CD47 (-) group, the CD47 (+) group had significantly worse OS (30.1% vs 60.5%, χ2 =15.67, P=.000). (4) The OS rates of CKS2 (+) CD47 (+) group, CKS2 (+) CD47 (-) group, CKS2 (-) CD47 (+) group, and CKS2 (-) CD47 (-) group were 20.0% (13/65), 58.3% (7/12), 57.1% (8/14), 65.7% (23/35), respectively, the prognosis of patients in CKS2 (+) CD47 (+) group was significantly poor. High expression levels of CKS2 and CD47 were closely related to the occurrence of GC and can be used as independent risk factors to assess the prognosis of patients.

Ossifying fasciitis at the lower border of the mandible in a 19-month-old

Ossifying fasciitis (OF) is a soft tissue benign tumor with rare occurrence, that affect most commonly the trunk and extremities with infrequent head and neck involvement. It is considered as a form of nodular fasciitis with similar clinical behavior but different histological findings. It can mimic malignant lesions due to its behavior and reactive characteristics. Ossifying fasciitis affect adults more commonly, and rarely affect children. The primary symptom of ossifying fasciitis has been described as local inflammation associated with pain, but asymptomatic presentation has also been reported. We herein present a rare case of a 19-months-old boy, with history of a rapidly growing hard painless swelling at the right side of the mandible. Resection of the mass, and a subsequent correlation with histopathological and radiological findings resulted in the final diagnosis of ossifying fasciitis affecting the submandibular region at the lower boarder of the mandible. Recovery was uneventful, with more than five-years follow-up showing no sign of recurrence. Despite the resemblance of Ossifying fasciitis (OF) to malignant lesions, accurate clinical and histopathological examination is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and consequently unnecessary aggressive treatment.

Proteomics Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Cells Obtained from Tumor Microenvironment of Patients with Malignant and Benign Salivary Gland Tumors.

Objective Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) show some aggressive and peculiar clinicopathological behaviors that might be related to the components of the tumor microenvironment, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-associated proteins. However, the role of MSCs-related proteins in SGTs tumorigenesis is poorly understood. This study aimed to isolate and characterize MSCs from malignant and benign tumor tissues and to identify differentially expressed proteins between these two types of MSCs. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, MSC-like cells derived from benign (pleomorphic adenoma, n=5) and malignant (mucoepidermoid carcinoma, n=5) tumor tissues were verified by fluorochrome antibodies and flow cytometric analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were identified using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE) and Mass spectrometry. Results Results showed that isolated cells strongly expressed characteristic MSCs markers such as CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166, but they did not express or weakly expressed CD14, CD34, CD45 markers. Furthermore, the expression of CD24 and CD133 was absent or near absent in both isolated cells. Results also discovered overexpression of Annexin A4 (Anxa4), elongation factor 1-delta (EF1-D), FK506 binding protein 9 (FKBP9), cytosolic platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase type IB subunit beta (PAFAH1B), type II transglutaminase (TG2), and s-formylglutathione hydrolase (FGH) in MSCs isolated from the malignant tissues. Additionally, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), as well as keratin, type II cytoskeletal 7 (CK-7), were found to be overexpressed in MSCs derived from the benign ones. ConclusionMalignant and benign SGTs probably exhibit a distinct pattern of tissue proteins that are most likely related to the metabolic pathway. However, further studies in a large number of patients are required to determine the applicability of identified proteins as new targets for cancer therapy.

Bioinformatics Method Was Used to Analyze the Highly Expressed Gene FAM83A of Breast Cancer in Young Women.

Objectives Preliminary analysis of breast cancer related to unknown functional gene FAM83A through bioinformatics knowledge to inform further experimental studies. Select high expression genes for breast cancer and use bioinformatics methods to predict the biological function of FAM83A. Methods Genes with significant differences in expression between breast tumors and normal breast tissue libraries were selected from CGAP's SAGE Digital Gene Expression Displayer (DGED) database. An unknown functional gene, FAM83A, which is highly expressed in breast cancer, was screened. We performed an analysis of the gene structure, subcellular localization, physicochemical properties of the encoding products, functional sites, protein structure, and functional domains. Results Through SAGE DGED, a total of 185 genes with expression differences were found. The structure and function of FAM83A have ideal predictions, and it is generally determined that this gene encodes a nuclear protein with a nucleoprotein. The active site of PLDc and the functional domain of DUF1669 can be involved in signal transduction and gene expression regulation in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Digital gene representation of the Tumor Genome Project Data Library was used to select differentially expressed genes in breast cancer tissue and breast benign tumor tissue. Conclusion Studies show that FAM83A is a potential research target associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Initial tests confirmed the expression of this gene. Lay a solid foundation for further research learning. FAM83A is a highly expressed gene in breast cancer and can serve as a target for studying molecular mechanisms in breast cancer.

Proteomic analysis reveals the heterogeneity of metabolic reprogramming in lacrimal gland tumors

Lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is associated with high recurrence and mortality rates. Many recent studies have focused on the clinical features of the disease, and a better understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms may help guide future treatment strategies. For proteomics quantitation, we analyzed normal tissues, benign tumor tissues and ACC tissues by LC-MS/MS with Tandem mass tags (TMTs) labeling. Bioinformatics analysis of the KEGG pathway found that, compared with normal tissues, the expression levels of major proteins related to cell metabolism were lower in benign tumors and cancer tissues of the lacrimal gland. In addition, we also performed IHC staining to verify the expression of representative proteins in tissue samples. All of these results indicated that compared with normal tissues, lacrimal gland tumors had unique metabolic reprogramming characteristics. Further Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis revealed that glycine, serine and threonine metabolism in ACC tissues was significantly enhanced compared with that in normal tissues and benign tumor tissues. This finding suggested that glycine, serine and threonine metabolism might be the key to the malignant transformation of ACC; thus, assessing the metabolism in these tissues could be an effective approach enabling the early diagnosis of ACC, and the proteins involved in these metabolic pathways could represent therapeutic targets.

Transoral Endoscopic Resection of Oropharyngeal Pedunculated Giant Fibrolipoma Using Harmonic Scalpel: A Case Report.

Lipoma is the most common soft tissue benign tumor in the body. It can occur in the head and neck area as well. Fibrolipoma is a variant of lipoma that contains fibrous tissue. Fibrolipomas of the head and neck are relatively rare, and their presentation depends largely on their size and location; some slowly growing tumors might go unnoticed until they reach significant size and become symptomatic. Here, we report a case of 64-year-old male who presented with large pedunculated oropharyngeal fibrolipoma that originated from the posterior oropharyngeal wall and extended downward into the postcricoid area and cervical esophagus. It was excised transorally using rigid endoscope, and ACE Harmonic scalpel was utilized to excise this 16.7cm long mass. The postoperative pain was minimal, the surgical site showed complete healing, and oral diet was resumed easily in 5days.