Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Group Research Articles

In vitro inhibition of 5-α reductase and in vivo suppression of benign prostatic hyperplasia by Physalis angulata ethyl acetate extract

The inhibitory effect against 5-α reductase of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract from Physalis angulata was evaluated in vitro using mouse prostate homogenates, and the suppression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was assessed in a mouse model of testosterone-induced BPH. The EA extract exhibited a potentially inhibitory effect on 5-α reductase with an IC50 of 197 μg/ml. In BPH mice, the EA extract at a dose of 12 mg/kg was comparable to finasteride 5 mg/kg in suppressing BPH in terms of reducing absolute enlarged prostate weight (p < 0.05 vs. BPH group) and mitigating the hypertrophy of glandular elements and prostate connective tissue. Identification of chemical ingredients in the EA extract by UPLC-QTOF-MS revealed 37 substances belonging chiefly to flavonoids and physalins. Further quantification of the EA extract by HPLC-PDA methods revealed that chlorogenic acid, and rutin were the main components. Molecular docking studies of chlorogenic acid and rutin on 5-α reductase showed their high affinity to the enzyme with binding energies of −9.3 and − 9.2 kcal/mol, respectively compared with finasteride (− 10.3 kcal/mol). Additionally, chlorogenic acid inhibited 5-α reductase with an IC50 of 12.07 µM while rutin did not. The presence of chlorogenic acid in the EA extract may explain the inhibitory effects of the EA extract on 5-α reductase, and thus the suppression of BPH.

Therapeutic effect of aqueous extract from Ampelocissus africana (Lour) Merr rhizomes on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats

Introduction: Ampelocissus africana is a medicinal plant used to treat several diseases, including those affecting the prostate. This study investigated the effects of the aqueous extract of rhizomes from Ampelocissus africana (AAA) on a testosterone propionate (TP)-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) model. Methods: The effect of the extract at 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg on BPH in male rats was assessed using daily subcutaneous injections of 3 mg/kg TP for four consecutive weeks. After the induction schedule, physical parameters, prostate index (PI), serum biochemical parameters, homogenate antioxidant, enzyme parameters, and prostates histopathological studies were carried out. Triterpenes and sterols were also assessed. Results: Treatment with AAA reduced the PI level in a dose-dependent manner (up to 75.91% at the dose of 300 mg/kg). The inflammatory marker measured in the present study, namely C-reactive protein, increased significantly in the BPH group and improved with the treatments. In addition, AAA reduced oxidative stress by decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increasing the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in comparison to the positive control group. A histopathological examination corroborated the result of the analysis of the physical and biochemical parameters. The study also showed interesting levels of triterpenes (119.5 ± 4.5 mg UAE/g) and sterols (104.6 ± 3.06 mg CE/g). Conclusion: These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Ampelocissus africana could be used as a natural herbal therapy to treat BPH.

Overexpression of Transmembrane Phosphatase with Tensin homology (TPTE) in prostate cancer is clinically significant, suggesting its potential as a valuable biomarker

PurposeCancer testis antigens (CTAs) are a family of proteins typically expressed in male testicles but overexpressed in various cancer cell types. Transmembrane Phosphatase with Tensin homology (TPTE) is expressed only in the testis of healthy individuals and is a member of the family of CTAs. The current study, for the first time, examined the significance of TPTE expression in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues by generating a novel antibody marker targeting TPTE protein.MethodsPolyclonal antibodies were prepared for TPTE-p1 and TPTE-p2 peptides, which are derived from the extracellular domains of TPTE. Anti-TPTE-p2 antibody was then used to study the extent and pattern of TPTE expression in 102 PCa and 48 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. The viability of cancer cell lines (PC-3 and MCF-7 cells) was also evaluated in the presence of anti-TPTE-p2 antibody using the MTT test.ResultsThe immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in cytoplasmic and membrane TPTE expression in the PCa samples compared to the BPH group (both P < 0.0001). Cytoplasmic TPTE expression was positively correlated with Gleason score and PSA levels (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, respectively). Significant correlations were identified between the levels of PSA and perineural invasion and the membrane expression (P = 0.01, P = 0.04, respectively). Moreover, anti-TPTE-p2 antibody inhibited PC-3 and MCF-7 cells proliferation compared to the control group for 24 h (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) as well as for 48 h (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionOur findings indicate that increased TPTE expression is associated with progression of disease. The ability of anti-TPTE-p2 antibody to recognize and target the TPTE protein makes it a potential biomarker to assess and/or target the PCa.

Clinical assessment of TGFB1 and HP Relative Gene Expression in the Peripheral Blood of Prostate Cancer Patients.

This study aimed to assess the relative gene expression level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) and haptoglobin (HP) in the peripheral blood of prostate cancer (PCa) patients and evaluate their diagnostic ability. A total of 125 participants were enrolled in the present study. Among them, 75 PCa patients, 25 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and 25 healthy volunteers served as the control group. The relative TGFB1 and HP gene expression level was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Further, free and total PSA levels were determined using electrochemiluminescence assays. TGFB1 was significantly over-expressed, whereas HP was significantly downregulated in the peripheral blood of PCa patients compared to BPH and control groups (p-value ranges from 0.034 to <0.001). Moreover, the high expression level of TGFB1 was associated with an increased risk of PCa development with OR=1.412 (95%CI: 1.081-1.869, p= 0.012). TGFB1 and HP relative expression levels had lower diagnostic performance to differentiate PCa from normal and BPH individuals compared to PSA, however, the combination of the tested parameters improved the diagnostic efficacy. TGFB1 and HP relative expression have moderate diagnostic efficacy in discriminating patients with PCa from BPH and healthy subjects. Furthermore, over-expression of TGFB1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of PCa.

Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

This work aimed to investigate the potential role of abnormal lipid metabolism in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). A retrospective study design was used. The clinical data of 520 patients who underwent rectal prostate biopsy in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were analysed. The patients were enrolled and divided into the anterior PCa group including 112 patients and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) group including 408 patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for the two patient groups, and further comparisons were made according to the Gleason score and TNM staging. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level may be an independent risk factor for PCa, and it was significantly associated with the risk of PCa (odds ratio (OR) = 1.363, p = 0.030). Patients with PCa were further divided into the low risk group and the high risk group according to the Gleason score. Univariate analysis (p = 0.047) and logistic regression analysis (OR = 2.249, p = 0.036) revealed that LDL-C was a significant factor influencing the Gleason score. Patients with PCa were categorised into four groups based on TNM staging. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis (p = 0.015) and ordinal logistic regression analysis (OR = 2.414, p = 0.007) demonstrated that LDL-C was a significant factor influencing TNM staging. This study revealed the important role of LDL-C in the development of PCa, highlighting its influence as an independent risk factor. Thus, LDL-C may promote the proliferation and invasion of PCa cells.

Enhancing date seed phenolic bioaccessibility in soft cheese through a dehydrated liposome delivery system and its effect on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats.

The consumption of dairy products, including soft cheese, has been associated with numerous health benefits due to their high nutritional value. However, the phenolic compounds bioaccessibility present in soft cheese is limited due to their poor solubility and stability during digestion. So, this study aimed to develop an innovative soft cheese enriched with date seed phenolic compounds (DSP) extracted ultrasonically and incorporated into homogeneous liposomes and study its attenuation effect on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats. Date seed phenolic compounds were extracted using 98 and 50% ethanol along with water as solvents, employing ultrasonication at 10, 20, and 30-min intervals. The primary and secondary DSP-liposomes were prepared and dehydrated. The particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and morphology were measured. Incorporating dehydrated liposomes (1-3% w/w) into soft cheese and their impact on BPH using male Sprague-Dawley rats was assessed. After inducing BPH, rats were fed a cheese diet with dehydrated DSP-liposomes. Over 8 weeks, parameters including nutrition parameters, prostate enlargement analysis, biochemical parameters, hormones level, oxidative stress, and cytokines were analyzed. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction effectively reduced the extraction time and 30 min extraction EtOH 50% was enough to extract high yield of phenolic compounds (558 mg GA/g) and flavonoids (55 mg qu/g) with high antioxidant activity (74%). The biological results indicate that prostate weight and prostate index% were diminished in the treatment groups (1 and 2) compared to the BPH control group. The high antioxidant content present in the DSP-liposomes acted as the catalyst for suppressing the responses of the inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the anti-inflammatory IL-10 production, and suppressing the elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products compared to the BPH group. The treatment group (2) supplemented with dehydrated secondary DSP-liposomes exhibited the most significant variance (p < 0.05) as opposed to the BPH group. Liposomal encapsulation was proved to be a feasible approach for administering DSP in soft cheese, thereby establishing new functional food category possessing prophylactic properties against the advancement of BPH in rats.

Periodontitis relates to benign prostatic hyperplasia via the gut microbiota and fecal metabolome.

Periodontitis is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), whether it related to gut floramicrobiota and metabonomics is unclear. We established ligature-induced periodontitis (EP), testosterone-induced BPH, and composite rat models. Fecal samples were collected to detect gut microbiota by 16S rDNA sequencing and metabonomics were detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sequencing results revealed differential gut floramicrobiota composition between EP+BPH group and other three groups. The abundances of Ruminococcus flavefaciens were significantly increased in EP+BPH group compared with other groups. Tenericutes, Mollicutes, RF39 and Ruminococcus gnavus were significantly decreased in EP+BPH group compared with BPH group, while Ruminococcus callidus and Escherichia were significantly decreased compared with EP group. For gut metabonomics, LC-MS/MS showed that fecal metabolites and seven metabolic pathways were changed in EP+BPH group, such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, steroid hormone biosynthesis. Correlation analysis showed that the alterations of gut metabolism were significantly correlated with differential gut floramicrobiota, such as Ruminococcus callidus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Our study highlights the relationship of periodontitis and BPH, the alterations of gut floramicrobiota and metabolites may be involved in two diseases, which provides new idea for prevention and treatment of patients with periodontitis concurrent BPH.

Scientific Evaluation of A Unani Pharmacopoeia-Based Formulation on BPH in Animal Model

BPH (Benign prostatic hyperplasia) is a common problem of the prostate gland that affects elderly men with age and major cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) like urgency of urination, frequency of micturition, dysuria, nocturia, dribbling, and burning of urine. If left untreated, the condition can lead to severe urinary retention, recurrent UTI, and, in severe cases, renal failure, etc. Alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) are two main classes of drugs that are used in conventional therapy to treat BPH. These phytochemical therapies are extremely effective, but standard control methods have unfavorable side effects too. Conversely, evidence, though limited, has shown that alternative medicines are safer and have the potential to improve LUTS and quality of life, in addition to improving sexual dysfunction in patients with BPH. The purpose of the study is to assess the efficacy of 50% hydroalcoholic UPBF extract on BPH in TP-induced rats, and the effects of the drug were compared between the treated and untreated groups. The experimental design for anti-BPH activity was carried out following the Bhavin model. 48 Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group. Group 1, plane control (untreated rats), group 2, negative control (treated with TP 5 mg/kg), group 3, negative control (treated with TP+ finasteride 1 mg/kg), and groups 4,5 and 6 served as tests controls (A, B, and C) treated with TP+ UPBF extract 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg as low, medium, and high doses, respectively. BPH was induced in rats by administration of testosterone propionate (TP) in arachis oil, and treatment was done orally with a standard drug (finasteride) and a test drug (UPBF) once a day for 28 consecutive days. Before and after initiating the study, each rat was weighed and documented, and after 28 days, the collection of blood samples and the prostate gland was done under light anesthesia. The parameters of the study were accessed, like prostate weight, prostate-to-body weight ratio, histopathological investigation of the prostate, percentage of inhibition, percentage of recovery, and determination of ST and STP levels. Data from the results were expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Evaluation between group results was carried out with the one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test, and the significant value of p was &lt;0.05. Both histopathological and biochemical parameter results showed significant improvements in rats treated with finasteride and UPBF extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg (p&lt;0.001). In addition, ST and STP levels showed a significant reduction in comparison with the BPH group. It can be concluded from the findings of the results in both biochemicals and histopathological parameters that the test drug (UPBF) possesses significant effects against the TP-induced BPH in rats. The findings suggested that the test drug can be used independently in the management of BPH as well as for lower urinary tract symptoms.

The Value of the Prostate Health Index and Derived Indexes in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer with PI-RADS-3 Lesions

Introduction: The purpose of this article was to evaluate the diagnostic value of prostate health index (PHI) and its derivatives in prostate cancer (PCa) with prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS)-3 lesions. Methods: Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n = 155) were included in the BPH group, while all patients with PCa (n = 49) were enrolled in the PCa group. Between the groups, the serum concentrations of total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA), percent-free prostate-specific antigen (%fPSA), prostate health index (PHI), prostate health index density (PHID), and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) were compared. Results: On average, 49 (24%) of 204 men had PCa on biopsy, with 81.63% of those cases being clinically serious. Age, prostate volume, TPSA, and PSAD did not significantly differ between the PCa group and the BPH group. In contrast, [-2]pro prostate-specific antigen (p2PSA) (17.10 ± 4.77 vs. 13.93 ± 3.22, p < 0.001), PHI (33.88 ± 8.81 vs. 25.83 ± 5.63, p < 0.001), and PHID (0.52 ± 0.15 vs. 0.38 ± 0.11, p < 0.001) showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Compared to conventional PSA, PHI (AUC = 0.786, 95% CI: 0.705–0.867) and PHID (AUC = 0.763, 95% CI: 0.684–0.843) were considerably better predictors of all PCa. The TPSA, %fPSA, p2PSA, PHI, PHID, and PSAD areas under the receiver operating characteristic for clinically significant PCa (csPCa) were 0.587, 0.650, 0.696, 0.823, 0.796, and 0.614, respectively. Out of all the various parameters, PHI and PHID performed very well in this cohort’s biopsy outcome prediction. Conclusion: PHI offers the best diagnostic value for detecting PCa in cases of PI-RADS-3 lesions. Additionally, PHID raised the possibility of csPCa PI-RADS-3 lesions. However, more investigation is required to confirm our results by using multicenter collaboration.

Diacerein provokes apoptosis, improves redox balance, and downregulates PCNA and TNF-α in a rat model of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia: A new non-invasive approach.

One of the most prevalent chronic conditions affecting older men is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), causing severe annoyance and embarrassment to patients. The pathogenesis of BPH has been connected to epithelial proliferation, inflammation, deranged redox balance, and apoptosis. Diacerein (DIA), the anthraquinone derivative, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. This study intended to investigate the ameliorative effect of DIA on the prostatic histology in testosterone-induced BPH in rats. BPH was experimentally induced by daily subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate for four weeks. The treated group received DIA daily for a further two weeks after induction of BPH. Rats' body and prostate weights, serum-free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and PSA were evaluated. Prostatic tissue was processed for measuring redox balance and histopathological examination. The BPH group had increased body and prostate weights, serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, PSA, and oxidative stress. Histologically, there were marked acinar epithelial and stromal hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltrates, and increased collagen deposition. An immunohistochemical study showed an increase in the inflammatory TNF-α and the proliferative PCNA markers. Treatment with DIA markedly decreased the prostate weight and plasma hormones, improved tissue redox balance, repaired the histological changes, and increased the proapoptotic caspase 3 expression besides the substantial reduction in TNF-α and PCNA expression. In conclusion, our study underscored DIA's potential to alleviate the prostatic hyperplastic and inflammatory changes in BPH through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and apoptosis-inducing effects, rendering it an effective, innovative treatment for BPH.

Possible therapeutic role of zinc oxide nanoparticles versus vanillic acid in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in adult albino rat: A histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study

BackgroundThe search for alternative therapies for treatment of Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been increasingly studied to avoid the common adverse effects of the usual regimens. Therefore, this study aimed at delineating possible mechanisms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and possible therapeutic role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) versus vanillic acid. MethodsForty rats were divided into five groups: control, sham control, Testosterone-induced BPH, BPH and Zn-NPs, and BPH and vanillic acid. Light microscopic, immune-histochemical; PCNA, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, p-Akt and p-mTOR, histomorphometric analysis, MDA/SOD and GPx and were done. Gene expression of p-Akt, p-mTOR and survivin were evaluated. ResultsApplication of zinc oxide nanoparticles as well as vanillic acid significantly reduced prostatic index, epithelial thickness, stromal collagen fibers, expression of PCNA, Bcl2, p-Akt, p-mTOR and MDA tissue level (p < 0.05). Whereas expression of Bax and caspase 3, and tissue levels of SOD and GPx were significantly increased in groups treated with Zno-Nps and vanillic acid compared to that of BPH group. Zinc oxide nanoparticles showed a better effect than vanillic acid in alleviating BPH. ConclusionThese findings suggested that ZnO-NPs as well as VA ameliorated the histolo-pathological and biochemical effects of induced BPH, moreover they improved the proapoptotic and antioxidant parameters which ere induced in BPH. It is recommended to search for new agents to prevent the development and progression of BPH.

Lipoxygenase-12 Levels and Biochemical Parameters in Iraqi Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With and Without Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by a defect in the secretion or action or both of insulin. It has a complex pathogenesis. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) refers to an increase in the size of the prostate; it is one of the most common health problems in men that manifests with age. Lipoxygenase-12 (Lipox-12) is one of the enzymes in the Lipox 12/15 family, which plays a major role in catalyzing a variety of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are capable of producing different metabolites. Lipox-12 has a significant effect on arachidonic acid metabolism, with PUFA, a pro- and anti-inflammatory mediator, as one of the enzyme isoforms. It also plays a major role in modulating inflammation at multiple checkpoints as diabetes progresses. The present study aims to measure Lipox-12 levels in patients with DM type 2 (DM2) and patients with DM2 + BPH. Methodology This study was conducted in Musayyib General Hospital, south of Baghdad, where a clinical examination was performed on 50 samples from controls (healthy subjects), 50 patients with DM2, and 50 patients with DM2 + BPH after taking each patient's history. The examinations performed included fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (Chol), and Lipox-12. Results The results showed that both the DM2 and DM2 + BPH groups had higher FBS, HbA1c, TG, and Chol levels than healthy subjects; in contrast, Lipox-12 levels were the lowest in the DM2 group (sensitivity = 79% and specificity = 81%) but higher in the DM2 + BPH group (sensitivity = 80%; specificity = 82%) compared to the control group. Conclusions Lipox-12 had a high sensitivity and specificity in the DM2 and DM2 + BPH groups compared to the control group, and in both cases, it was used to monitor and diagnose DM2 and BPH.

BPH-related False Positive of PSMA-PET in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: the Achilles' Heel of Biopsy-free Radical Prostatectomy?

Radical prostatectomy is one of the primary treatments for localized clinically significant prostate cancer. Generally, its application is based on prior biopsy. PSMA-PET is considered promising in biopsy-free radical prostatectomy. The expression of PSMA in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue and corresponding positive reaction are crucial concerns for no biopsy strategy. Currently, no study has explored the benign prostatic hyperplasia-related false positive of PSMA-PET in the detection of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the influence of SUVmax and PI-RADS on biopsy-free radical prostatectomy is also poorly characterized. A retrospective study was conducted on patients who received PSMA-PET because of clinical suspicion of prostate cancer and were confirmed to be benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer. The receiver operating characteristic curve was generated for SUVmax. Results of interest were the false positive rate of PSMA-PET and the efficacy of SUVmax or mpMRI in excluding false positives. The benign prostatic hyperplasia-related false positive rate of PSMA-PET in detecting prostate cancer was 30%. SUVmax could effectively exclude benign prostatic hyperplasia and grade group 1 patients with an area under the curve of 0.86, the optimal SUVmax cutoff value with 100% specificity was 15, with a sensitivity of 41%. Notably, the sensitivity and specificity of stringent PET score and PI-RADS criteria (both ≥ 4) in diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer were 49% and 100%, respectively. Our findings revealed benign prostatic hyperplasia-related false positive rate of PSMA-PET and provided a preliminary reference in biopsy-free radical prostatectomy.

Potential diagnostic value of multiple indicators combined with total prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer.

We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of different laboratory indicators in combination with total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA) for prostate cancer (PCa). In this retrospective study, we selected 291 patients who underwent prostate biopsy. Patients were divided into the benign prostatic hyperplasia group and the PCa group. In both groups, patients were again divided into a group with TPSA 4.0-10.0 ng/mL and a group with TPSA >10.0 ng/mL. Clinical data including age, pre-puncture TPSA, free prostate-specific antigen (FPSA), and prostate volume (PV) were collected from all patients. We calculated the metrics PSA/PV (prostate-specific antigen density, PSAD), age/PV (AVR), age × PV/TPSA (PSA-AV), and (FPSA/TPSA)/PSAD [(F/T)/PSAD]). We plotted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculated the area under the ROC curve (AUC). We found statistically significant differences in PV, PSAD, AVR, PSA-AV, and (F/T) PSAD for patients with TPSA 4.0-10.0 ng/mL and TPSA >10 ng/mL. We further plotted the ROC of individual or combined indices in different subgroups and calculated the AUC. We found that the diagnostic efficacy of the combined indices was higher with TPSA >10 ng/mL. The combination of TPSA with multiple indicators may improve diagnostic accuracy for PCa.

Canagliflozin alleviates experimentally induced benign prostate hyperplasia in a rat model: exploring potential mechanisms involving mir-128b/EGFR/EGF and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways through in silico and in vivo investigations

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) poses a significant health concern amongst elderly males. Canagliflozin (Cana), a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has a powerful anti-inflammatory influence. Nevertheless, its role in treating BPH has not been clarified. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the potential ameliorative effect of Cana on experimentally induced BPH in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms compared to the standard finasteride (Fin). The study employed histological analysis, biochemical assays using ELISA, and western blotting. Animals were categorized into four groups: Control (2.5 ml/kg CMC, orally + 3 ml/kg olive oil, subcutaneous), BPH (3 mg/kg testosterone, subcutaneous + CMC orally), Fin-treated BPH (5 mg/kg, orally), and Cana-treated BPH (5 mg/kg, orally), for 28 days. The BPH group showed obvious BPH manifestations including an increase in prostate weight (PW), prostate index (PI), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level, and histological aberrations compared to control. Fin and Cana therapy had a comparable impact. Cana treatment significantly reduced PW and PI, besides it improved prostatic biochemical, and histopathological features compared to BPH, consistent with in silico study findings. Cana was associated with downregulation of the androgen axis, increased miR-128b expression, with a lowered expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor. Phosphorylation of STAT3 and its downstream proliferative markers were significantly reduced suggesting apoptotic activity. Cana markedly rescued the BPH-induced upregulation of IL-1β, and iNOS levels. Altogether, the current study demonstrates that Cana could impede BPH progression, possibly by modulating miR-128b/EGFR/EGF and JAK2/STAT3 pathways and downregulating AR, cyclin D1, and PCNA immunoreactivity.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARi) with or without alpha-blockers (α-B) for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia do NOT lower the risk of incident Bladder Cancer: United States insurance claims data.

Chemoprotective effect of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARi) on bladder cancer (BCa) risk in men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) has been explored with conflicting results. We sought to examine the effect of 5-ARi on new BCa diagnoses in a large US database. Men ≥ 50 y/o with a prescription for 5-ARi after BPH diagnosis were identified in the IBM® Marketscan® Research de-identified Databases between 2007 and 2016 and matched with paired controls. Incident BCa diagnoses were identified after BPH diagnosis and/or pharmacologic treatment. Multivariable regression modeling adjusting for relevant factors was implemented. Sub-group analyses by exposure risk were performed to explore the association between 5-ARi and BCa over time. Administration of alpha-blockers (α-B) w/o 5-ARi was also examined. In total, n = 24,036 men on 5-ARi, n = 107,086 on 5-ARi plus alpha-blockers, and n = 894,275 without medical therapy for BPH were identified. The percentage of men diagnosed with BCa was 0.8% for the 5-ARi, 1.4% for the 5-ARi + α-B, and 0.6% for the untreated BPH group of incident BCa (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56 - 1.47), and 1.08, 95%CI 0.89 - 1.30, respectively). This was also true at both shorter (≤ 2yr) and longer-term (> 2yr) follow up. In addition, α-B alone had no change in BCa risk (HR 1.06, 0.86-1.30). We did not find any diminished risk of new BCa in men treated with 5-ARi (i.e., chemoprotective effect). The current report suggests that 5-ARi do not change a man's bladder cancer risk.

Relationship between PSA and Serum Zinc in BPH-Afflicted Iraqi Men

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common benign tumor of the prostate that becomes more common as men age. The enlarged prostate may compress the urinary tube (urethra), which runs through the middle of the prostate, preventing urine from flowing from the bladder to the outside. Complete obstruction can develop if BPH is severe enough. BPH usually appears after the age of 40 and progresses slowly. Aim of the Study: Studying the connections between serum zinc and PSA in Iraqi BPH patients is the aim of this investigation. Patients and Methods: The case-control study lasted three months, from mid-November to the end of February, at Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital and Ghazy Al-Hariri Hospital in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq. It entailed gathering 90 blood samples, which were separated into two groups. The first group (A) consisted of 60 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia ranging in age from 45 to 80 years, while the second group (B) consisted of 30 apparently be healthy males aged 45 to 80 years. All participants in this study provided diagnose permission. Patients diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia had an international prostate symptom score of 18 or higher; the patient's prostate volumes (PV) were equal to or more than 25 milliliters. Radiologists with competence in the department used transabdominal ultrasound equipment manufactured in Germany by Siemens to figure out how big the prostate gland is. Both groups had their serum zinc and PSA levels measured by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) assays The calculation of BMI was be calculated with the help of given standard formula. BMI = [(Weight in Kilograms / (Height in Meters x Height in Meters)]. Results: The study that the mean prostate size was elevated significantly in the BPH group (54.0 ± 8.4 cc ) as compared with the control group (19.66 ± 2.88 cc (P:0.01). There is a significant increase in the PSA concentration of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients, (3.14 ± 0.95 ng/ml), as compare with control subjects, (0.84 ± 0.10 ng/ml) (P:0.01). There is significant reduction in the serum zinc concentration of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients, (70.4 ± 9.63 ng/ml), as compare with control subjects, (99.3 ± 10.5; p≤0.01). The higher percentage of benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients above 66 years, and the lowest is in age group 45-55 years. Conclusion: Benign prostatic hyperplasia patients of all ages had considerably higher serum PSA than age-matched healthy controls. Benign prostatic hyperplasia patients of all ages had considerably lower serum zinc than age-matched healthy controls. Prostate size and PSA are greater in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients of all BMIs. Benign prostatic hyperplasia patients had significantly lower serum zinc than healthy controls of the same BMI.

Value of serum free prostate-specific antigen density in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

PurposeTo investigate the value of serum free prostate-specific antigen density (fPSAD) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsThe data of 558 patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. According to the pathological results, the patients were divided into a PCa group and a benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) group. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted, based on which the sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, concordance, and kappa values of free prostate-specific antigen (fPSA), the free-to-total f/tPSA, prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), the free-to-total (f/t)/PSAD ratio, and fPSAD were compared. The patients were divided into three groups by PSA levels (PSA < 4 ng/mL, PSA = 4–10 ng/mL, and PSA > 10 ng/mL), into three groups by age (age < 60 year, age = 60–80y, and age > 80 years), and into two groups by prostate volume (PV) (PV ≤ 80 mL and PV > 80 mL) to compare the sensitivity, specificity, and concordance of indicators.ResultstPSA, PSAD, (f/t)/PSAD, and fPSAD had high accuracy in predicting PCa with AUC values of 0.820, 0.900, 0.846, and 0.867. fPSAD showed lower diagnostic sensitivity but significantly higher specificity and concordance for PCa than tPSA, f/tPSA, (f/t)/PSAD, or PSAD. Thus, fPSAD had the highest accuracy in the diagnosis of PCa. In the groups with different PSA, age, and PV stratification, the concordance of fPSAD was significantly higher (88.61%, 90.74%, and 90.38%) than that of other indicators.ConclusionWith the optimal cutoff value of 0.062, fPSAD has a higher diagnostic value for PCa than tPSA, f/tPSA, (f/t)/PSAD, and PSAD, and can well predict the risk of PCa, significantly improve the clinical diagnostic rate of PCa, and reduce unnecessary biopsy.

Study of iron metabolism based on T2* mapping sequences in PI-RADS 3 prostate lesions.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in Chinese men, which is rich in iron metabolic activity and is closely related to all stages of prostate cancer progression. Since the current diagnostic methods are insufficient, we aimed to evaluate the value of quantitative T2 star values from the T2* mapping sequences in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the diagnosis and grading of PI-RADS 3 prostate cancer (PCa). We prospectively enrolled patients with PCa or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to November 2022. Imaging indicators, including the T2* value and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, were collected, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure the levels of proteins involved in iron metabolism in the patients. ROC curves were drawn to explore whether the T2* value could be used for the diagnosis and grading of PCa. We found that three iron metabolism indexes, ferritin, hepcidin, and the ferric ion (Fe), and the T2* value were significantly different between the PCa group and BPH group and between the low International Society of Urology Pathology (ISUP) group (ISUP ≤ 2) and the high ISUP group (ISUP>2). Additionally, there was a significant correlation between the levels of these three indicators and the T2* value. Further ROC analysis showed that the levels of iron metabolism-related indexes and T2* values performed well in diagnosing and grading PCa. The T2* value has good value in detecting and predicting the grade of prostate cancer and can reflect the iron metabolism of the tumor, which could provide a foundation for the diagnosis and grading of PCa in the future.

Comparative effects of finasteride and laser-irradiated silver nanoparticles on testicular function and histology in testosterone induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats

AimsThe objective of this study was to compare the effects of finasteride, a medication used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and laser irradiated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), a potential candidate for BPH therapy (Sanchez-Salas, 2017; Marghani et al., 2022) [1,2], on the sex hormone profiles, sperm quality, steroidogenesis, testicular oxidative stress, and histomorphology changes in BPH rats. Materials and methodsBPH was induced in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 5 mg/kg BW testosterone propionate (TP) for 14 days. Once the BPH model was induced, rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) as follows: the control group; the BPH group; the BPH/Fina group, which received 5 mg/kg BW finasteride by oral gavage daily for 14 days; and the BPH/AgNPs group, which received a daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 50 mg/kg BW AgNPs, followed by 5min of exposure to a 532 nm NIR laser in the prostatic area for the constitutive 14 days. Key findingsOn day 14, the BPH rats had a significant increase in prostate specific antigen (PSA), dihydrotestosterone, and prostate weights, while testicular weights and sperm quality were significantly lower than in the control rats. On day 28, laser irradiated AgNps treated BPH rats showed improved sex hormone balance, testicular weights, sperm quality, steroidogenesis, and an ameliorative effect on testicular histopathology compared to finasteride. SignificanceSurprisingly, these findings suggest that laser irradiated AgNPs can be used as an alternative therapy to finasteride for the treatment of BPH without causing negative effects on the testes.