Benign Disease Group Research Articles

Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Leg Compression for Prevention of Postoperative Deep Venous Thrombosis With Special Reference to Fibrinolytic Activity

The mechanism of intermittent pneumatic leg compression for prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis was investigated. The incidence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis was studied using iodine-125 fibrinogen in 64 patients with malignant disease who had intermittent pneumatic leg compression for 48 hours postoperatively. Changes in euglobulin lysis time and B beta 15-42 peptide were investigated before and after operation in 16 patients with benign disease, in 27 patients with malignant disease who did not have postoperative intermittent pneumatic leg compression, and in another 29 patients with malignant disease who had postoperative intermittent pneumatic leg compression. The overall incidence of deep venous thrombosis was 6.25 percent. A prolongation of euglobulin lysis time was found postoperatively in all three groups, which was significant in malignant disease groups, although less significant in the group with intermittent pneumatic leg compression when compared with the benign disease group. Preoperatively, a significant increase in B beta 15-42 peptide was found in patients with malignant disease when compared with patients with benign disease. Postoperatively, the B beta 15-42 level increased in the same pattern in all groups and no significant differences in the levels were found among them. A significant shortening of euglobulin lysis time by intermittent pneumatic leg compression, in addition to its hemodynamic effects, is considered an important factor in the prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis.

Serum levels of cancer‐associated antigen ca‐195 in gastrointestinal cancers and its comparison with ca19‐9

The antibody against CA-195 binds to an epitope that consists of both Lewis A and sialylated Lewis A blood group antigen, whereas CA19-9 has shown specificity for sialylated Lewis A blood group antigen. CA19-9 and CA-195 levels were measured in the sera of 52 normal subjects; 65 benign disease patients; and 74 non-gastrointestinal, 149 colorectal, and 119 upper gastrointestinal cancer patients to correlate their levels with disease status of the patients. Low incidence and levels were found among normal subjects for both markers; however, in the benign disease group a slightly higher incidence of elevation was seen for CA19-9. Among colorectal cancer patients CA-195 appeared to show higher sensitivity for primary as well as advanced disease. Levels of both markers showed similar incidences of elevation among upper gastrointestinal cancer patients. Based on these results the contribution of Lea specificity of CA-195 cannot be ruled out, and it may be used alone or in combination with other markers for monitoring of patients with colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, gall bladder, bile duct, and liver cancers.

Effects of intermittent pneumatic leg compression for prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis with special reference to fibrinolytic activity

The mechanism of intermittent pneumatic leg compression for prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis was investigated. The incidence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis was studied using iodine-125 fibrinogen in 64 patients with malignant disease who had intermittent pneumatic leg compression for 48 hours postoperatively. Changes in euglobulin lysis time and B beta 15-42 peptide were investigated before and after operation in 16 patients with benign disease, in 27 patients with malignant disease who did not have postoperative intermittent pneumatic leg compression, and in another 29 patients with malignant disease who had postoperative intermittent pneumatic leg compression. The overall incidence of deep venous thrombosis was 6.25 percent. A prolongation of euglobulin lysis time was found postoperatively in all three groups, which was significant in malignant disease groups, although less significant in the group with intermittent pneumatic leg compression when compared with the benign disease group. Preoperatively, a significant increase in B beta 15-42 peptide was found in patients with malignant disease when compared with patients with benign disease. Postoperatively, the B beta 15-42 level increased in the same pattern in all groups and no significant differences in the levels were found among them. A significant shortening of euglobulin lysis time by intermittent pneumatic leg compression, in addition to its hemodynamic effects, is considered an important factor in the prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis.

Total lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in serum of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Values for total lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) activity in serum and LD isoenzymes were determined at diagnosis in 273 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, 85 of whom were in stage 1, 92 in stage 2, and 96 in stage 3. We divided the patients into three groups, based on their total serum LD values: less than 225 U/L (normal reference range), 226-500 U/L, and greater than 500 U/L. Overall values for LD were above normal at diagnosis for 69% of the patients, being moderately increased in 63 patients and highly increased in 125. Eighty percent of the patients in stage 1 had normal values for LD at diagnosis, but 88% of the patients in stage 2 and 94% of the patients in stage 3 had above-normal LD values at diagnosis. In 55% of the patients in stage 2 and 73% of the patients in stage 3, LD activity was highly increased. In the patients with normal values for total LD, the proportions of the LD isoenzymes were normal. In the patients with increased LD, the isoenzyme proportions were increased for LD-4 and LD-5, up to twice the normal values. The sensitivity of LD in detection of lung cancer was 60% for LD at the cutoff point of 250 U/L in comparison with normal controls, and 47% for LD at the cutoff point of 310 U/L in comparison with the benign lung disease group of patients (95% specificity). We conclude that total LD in serum may be a direct indicator of clinical stage and tumor burden in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Immunological Assessment of Renal Cancer Patients as Evaluated by the Lymphocyte Adherence Inhibition Test

The lymphocyte adherence inhibition test was used to evaluate tumor immunity toward 2 types of soluble renal cancer antigens extracted from 3 different renal cancer specimens. These extractions were accomplished with either 3 molar potassium chloride or 2.5 per cent butanol, and were tested in 23 patients with renal cancer, 8 with benign renal disease and 9 with bladder cancer. In 62 tests of lymphocyte adherence inhibition reactivities toward 3 molar potassium chloride in renal cancer patients the mean value of lymphocyte adherence inhibition reactivity (32.7 ± 15.4 per cent) was significantly greater compared to that observed in 20 examinations in patients with benign renal disease (17.6 ± 9.4 per cent, p less than 0.001) and 24 tests in bladder cancer patients (15.4 ± 4.4 per cent, p less than 0.001). With a lymphocyte adherence inhibition index of greater than 20 per cent as a positive response, there were 50 true positive findings (81 per cent) in the renal cancer group, while the combined benign renal disease and bladder tumor groups had 34 true negative responses (77 per cent). With the butanol extract the mean lymphocyte adherence inhibition reactivity of the 62 tests done on renal cancer patients (38.9 ± 10.8 per cent) was significantly greater than either control group (7.1 ± 6.2 per cent, p less than 0.001 for benign renal disease and 5.9 ± 2.6 per cent, p less than 0.001 for bladder tumor). Moreover, of 62 tests done on renal cancer patients 59 (95 per cent) had true positive responses, while 43 of the 44 tests (98 per cent) in the combined control group showed true negative findings. These results suggest that immune responses in renal cancer can be assessed with the lymphocyte adherence inhibition test, and they may be useful in the diagnosis and management of renal cancer patients.

The significance of peritoneal cytology in patients with carcinoma of the cervix

Between 1972 and 1977, 141 patients with benign gynecologic disease and 149 patients with carcinoma of the cervix were evaluated with peritoneal fluid cytology at time of celiotomy. There was no positive cytology (malignant cells) in the benign disease group. The overall incidence of positive peritoneal cytology in the cervical group was 8.1%. Positive peritoneal cytology was found four times more frequently in adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinomas than squamous carcinomas. The incidence in patients undergoing surgery for recurrent or persistent carcinoma after radiation therapy was 22.6% compared to 4.5% in those treated primarily with definitive surgery. The prognoses do not seem to be influenced by peritoneal cytology status when other poor prognostic factors were considered.

The relationship of plasma 7α-hydroxy dehydroepiandrosterone to disease stage and adrenal androgens in breast cancer patients

The concentrations of 7α-hydroxy dehydroepiandrosterone ( 7α-hydroxy DHA) were measured in the plasma of patients presenting with different stages of breast cancer. The results were compared with the concentrations in control subjects and patients with benign breast disease. The concentrations of 7α-hydroxy DHA in plasma were also compared with the concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) in plasma. Plasma 7α-hydroxy DHA was lower in patients presenting with early disease without axillary node involvement than in the control or benign disease groups but no significant difference was found between the control or benign disease group and the early disease nodal positive group or advanced disease groups. Plasma 7α-hydroxy DHA was positively correlated with plasma DHA and, to a lesser extent, with plasma DHAS. The greater increases in plasma 7α-hydroxy DHA compared to plasma DHA in patients presenting with distant metastases and with large tumours were significantly different to the control and benign disease group but there was no significant difference between the early disease groups and the control and benign disease group. The greater increase in plasma 7α-hydroxy DHA compared to plasma DHAS in patients presenting with metastases was significantly different to the control group, but there was no significant difference in any of the other patient groups.

Pituitary-thyroid function in patients with breast cancer.

The present studies were carried out to clarify the relationship between thyroid function and breast diseases. Neither the mean value of radioiodine uptake rate nor thyroxin (T4) level was significantly different in the patients with benign breast diseases and those with breast cancer or in localized and metastasized cancer groups. As these results were obtained by conventional studies, it became necessary to investigate the dynamic changes of pituitary and thyroid hormones after thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation. There were no significant differences in serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, tri-iodothyronine (T3) or T4 level before and after TRH stimulation among the benign disease, localized and metastasized cancer groups.

Ileal conduit urinary diversion (author's transl)

Fifty seven cases of ileal conduit urinary diversion were performed in Kyushu University during 13 years from 1963 to 1976.Wound infection was the most common complication followed by intestinal obstruction, upper urinary tract calculus, and urinary fistula. It seemed that malignant disease group had more early complications and benign disease group had more late complications.Thirty per cent of upper urinary tracts in benign disease group deteriolated on intra-venous urogram, though 9.1 per cent in malignant disease group deteriolated (p<0.05).One hundred and twenty four urines were obtained by the method of double lumen catheter for bacteriological examination. 50 per cent of urines included over 105 bacteria per ml. in benign disease group, though 14.3 per cent in malignant disease group (p<0.05). Correlation was noted between pre- and post-operative urogram findings and urinary tract infections.Five years survival rate of the urinary bladder cancer was 58 per cent. Radical cystectomy showed better result (82 per cent) than simple cystectomy (46 per cent).

口腔癌患者における血清 LDH 活性値および血清 LDH isozyme に関する臨床的, 実験的研究

Studies were made on serum LDH activity and isozyme in 126 patients with various oral diseases (54 patients with oral cancer and 72 patients with various benign oral diseases) and in rabbits with experimental oral cancer by Vx2 carcinoma implantation. Alterations of serum LDH activity and isozyme during therapy in oral diseases and tumor-bearing rabbits were assayed. Serum LDH activity was determined according to Wroblewski and Ladue. And electrophoretic separation of serum LDH isozymes was performed according to Yoshida. The results were summarized as follows. 1. 36 (66.6%) of 54 patients with oral cancer showed an elevation of serum LDH activity, whereas in 13 (18.1%) of 72 patients with benign oral diseases a slight elevation of serum LDH activity was observed. Statistically, the significant difference was ascertained in the value of serum LDH activity among the cancer group, the group of benign oral diseases, and the normal group. As to the serum LDH isozyme, a marked increase in LDH_1, and decrease in LDH_2 were present in the patients with benign oral diseases, whereas patients of oral cancer, a marked increase in LDH_4, LDH_5 and decrease in LDH_2 were present. But on the average, distribution of 5 isozymes was LDH_2>LDH_1>LDH_3>LDH_4>LDH_5 in normal adult individual. 2. Generally, when the activity of serum LDH was compared, its activity in the patients with gingival cancer was relatively higher than that in the patients with upper jaw cancer (from maxillary sinus) or tongue cancer. As to the serum LDH isozyme, no characteristics were observed. 3. A significant difference was found in serum LDH activity and isozyme between patients with upper jaw cancer and patients with chronic maxillary sinuits, and these data seemed to serve as an aid in differential diagnosis. 4. In serum LDH isozyme a marked decrease in LDH_1 and increase in LDH_4, LDH_5 paralleled well to the progressive stages of cancer lesion. But a slight elevation of serum LDH activity was observed. Especially, a significant difference was found in experimental oral cancer 5. On the correlations between serum LDH activity or isozyme and primary lesions in oral cancer, no characteristics were observed. 6. Serum LDH activities in patients with oral cancer undergoing therapy with antitumor agents was markedly decreased in effective group, correlating with tumor regression, whereas ineffective group showed no changes in serum LDH activity. Treatment of these oral cancer with anti-tumor agents resulted in a tendency for normalization of LDH isozyme pattern in effective group ; such was not the case in ineffective group. Especially, serum LDH activity in the patients with effective group was relatively higher than that in the patients with ineffective group undergoing chemotherapy, and experimental oral cancer also showd much the same result. 7. Administration of anti-tumor agents to the experimental animals bearing Vx2 carcinoma by way of intra-arterial infusion with BLM and MMC controlled elevation of serum LDH activity in the effective group. Both an elevation of serum LDH activities and an increase in LDH_4 and LDH_5 were observed in the ineffective group. 8. It is therefor concluded that the changes of serum LDH level following treatment with anti-tumor agents reflect metabolic improvement or aggravation. Determination of serum LDH activity, therefore, may serve as an indicator of the effectiveness of treament by the anti-tumor agents, on the basis of tumor-host-drug relationship.