Benevolence Dimensions Research Articles

Relationships Between Five-Factor Personality Theory and Values on Adolescents

Values are a set of principles that guide human life. Their importance can vary from person to person. Schwartz's concept of value is defined as guiding principles in the lives of people or other social formations. These include freedom, equality, and environmental protection. Schwartz created 10 basic value groups that are thought to have universal characteristics. The aforementioned values are divided into the following groups: self-direction, universality, benevolence, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, security, conformity, and tradition. According to Schwartz, spiritual values in individuals are associated with the dimensions of universality, benevolence, self-direction, and self-transcendence. At the same time, it seems that spirituality overlaps with the values of tradition and conformity, which are closely related to religiosity. In contrast, personality refers to a set of unique, consistent, and enduring characteristics in individuals, encompassing their emotions, thoughts, and behaviours. McCrae and Costa posit that personality traits are grouped under five dimensions: extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Some personality theories posit that spirituality is a part of personality. In this respect, personality and spirituality are closely related. The principal objective of this research is to ascertain whether the personality dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness to experience are predictive of values pertaining to security, power, benevolence, stimulation, traditionalism, hedonism, universalism, self-direction, achievement, and conformity. To this end, a multiple regression model incorporating these variables was constructed and subjected to testing in the study. The study group consisted of 308 high school students studying in Niğde in the 2021-2022 academic year. The study group comprised 173 women (56.2%) and 135 men (43.8%). The ages of the study group ranged between 14 and 18 years (mean age = 16.39; standard deviation = 0.87). The results of the regression analysis indicated that personality dimensions predicted the values. It was found that different personality dimensions predicted different values in a positive or negative manner.

Whom to ask? Whom to trust? Parents’ preferences for sources of advice on social-emotional parenting issues

ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence shows how parents can support children’s social-emotional development with positive parenting practices. However, when confronted with parenting challenges, few parents seek evidence-based counseling. This study identifies main sources of advice for parents and examines the reasons why parents decide which sources to trust and use. Therefore, we interviewed parents of preschoolers on parenting challenges, sources of advice, general trust in these sources, and dimensions of trustworthiness. Parents’ trust was highly correlated with their intention to seek advice from someone. Furthermore, parents were most likely to seek advice within their close personal environment. Regarding the dimensions of trustworthiness, namely ability, benevolence, and integrity, we found that benevolence best predicted parents’ trust. Concerning ability, participants’ judgements were based on personal experience for some advice sources (e.g. friends, family) and on theoretical knowledge for others. Overall, this study emphasizes the important role of interpersonal trust and the dimensions of trustworthiness in advice-seeking settings. Parents already attribute evidence-based ability to professional counseling services. Consequently, we discuss how to improve evidence-based counseling by enhancing its perceived benevolence and integrity, for example, through promoting transparent and ethical practices, showing a commitment to the best interests of clients, and building strong relationships with clients.

The Effect of Distrust Regulation and Trustworthiness Demonstration on Trust Repair in Responding to Online Negative Reviews

This paper explores how trust can be repaired after receiving online negative reviews. In this study, trust repair strategies are classified into six categories, and their effects on benevolence, ability, and integrity are examined. A predominant reliance is discerned on trustworthiness demonstration for affective repair strategies within online negative review responses, showcasing a noteworthy efficacy in reinstating trust across the dimensions of benevolence, integrity, and ability. Through a systematic analysis of these strategies, this paper not only uncovers the intricate interplay between responses and their consequential impacts on three dimensions of trust but also provides valuable comprehension of the multifaceted dynamics inherent in trust repair. By offering a refined understanding of the strategies involved in repairing trust, this research contributes actionable insights with theoretical insights into trust repair in digital business communication and practical implications for individuals and organizations grappling with the intricacies of navigating challenging online negative reviews.

Evli Bireylerde Bağlanma Stilleri ile Duygu Düzenlemenin Affetme Üzerindeki Yordayıcı Rolü

Marriage is one of the important steps that spouses tend to be happy together and raise future generations. However, in the marriage life made with hope, there may be hurt and resentment as well as happy moments. After the negative situations where resentment occurs between spouses, they sometimes decide to get through relationship and sometimes they can choose to forgive each other by resolving their conflicts. For this reason, it is important to research forgiveness in marriage, taking into account the conflicts between spouses. The purpose of this research is investigating the predictive role of attachment styles and emotion regulation skills on forgiveness in married individuals. The study group consisted of 236 individuals, between the ages of 18-65, who were married for at least 1 year. In this study, "Experiences in Close Relationships- Revised", "Marriage Forgiveness Scale-Event" and "Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Co-Brooding and Co-Reappraisal" scales were used to collect data. According to the results of the research, as the avoidant attachment and brooding scores increase, the benevolence dimension score of the forgiveness scale decreases; as the anxious attachment, avoidant attachment and co-brooding scores increase, the avoidance dimension score of forgiveness increases, that is, the tendency to forgive decreases; while only anxious attachment predicted the retaliation dimension of forgiveness, co-reappraisal did not predict dimensions of the forgiveness scale.

The Relationship Between Moral Sensitivity and Anxiety Sensitivity in Nursing Students of Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences

Background and Objectives: Moral sensitivity is the ability to recognize moral conflicts and consequences in decisions, and anxiety sensitivity is a structure of individual differences, in which a person fears physical symptoms associated with anxiety arousal. Anxiety sensitivity is vital in the persistence of anxiety disorders. This study was done to determine the relationship between moral sensitivity and anxiety sensitivity in nursing students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This research was descriptive-correlational. The samples included 336 nursing students in all grades at Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences in 2020. Sampling was performed continuously using virtual space. In this research, the demographic information form, Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ), and Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 16 and analytical and descriptive tests, such as Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The score of moral sensitivity and anxiety sensitivity was obtained as 81 and 31.4, respectively. The correlation coefficient between moral sensitivity and anxiety sensitivity was not statistically significant (r=0.065; P=0.238). Also, the two components of fear of physical concerns had a significant relationship with the dimensions of benevolence and honesty. Conclusion: Considering that the lack of interest in the nursing field increases anxiety sensitivity, it is suggested to activities be done to improve interest in nursing among students. Despite the lack of a significant relationship between these two components, the importance of these two components should not be neglected and it is better to carry out studies to better understand the factors affecting moral sensitivity and anxiety sensitivity and to improve these two components.

Paternalistic leadership, employee creativity, and retention: The role of psychological empowerment

Drawing upon the cognitive evaluation theory, this study examined the relationship among the three dimensions of paternalistic leadership, namely, authoritarianism, benevolence, and morality on both employee creativity and intention to stay. Data from 344 subordinates and 132 leaders/supervisors were collected from 32 SMEs in the manufacturing industry of Ghana. The findings of the study revealed that while authoritarian leadership has a negative relationship with creativity, benevolent leadership impacts positively on both creativity and intention to stay. No significant relationship was recorded between moral leadership and creativity, as well as authoritarian leadership and intention to stay. Moreover, psychological empowerment was found to mediate the relationship among benevolent leadership, creativity, and intention to stay, as well as between moral leadership and intention to stay. The study provides a fresh practical and theoretical perspective on the underlying mechanism pertaining to the relationship among paternalistic leadership, creativity, and intention to stay.

Focusing on different informant characteristics by situation: The dimensions of benevolence and competence in children's trust judgment

AbstractChildren use informant characteristics, such as competence or benevolence, in trust judgment. Previous studies have examined the characteristics that children prioritize in trust judgment, but findings have been conflicting. Since people possess and tap into each characteristic in their daily lives as the situation demands, children may adjust the characteristics that they choose to rely on depending on the specific situation rather than always prioritizing either of the characteristics. Thus, the present study investigated children's trust judgment in different situations requiring either competence or benevolence. Additionally, children's preference for competence or benevolence was examined to explore its effect on trust judgment. Results showed that children were more likely to select a competent rather than a benevolent person in situations requiring competence and vice versa in situations requiring benevolence. Children preferred the benevolent person rather than the competent person; such preference did not appear to affect their selection of informants across various situations. In summary, children might focus on the different characteristics of the informant in accordance with the situation. Their preference for benevolence might relate to a preference for prosociality. This, in turn, could relate to enhanced sensitivity to benevolence in early childhood.

STAVOVI PREMA OSOBAMA S POTEŠKOĆAMA MENTALNOG ZDRAVLJA

ATTITUDES TOWARD PEOPLE WITH MENTAL HEALTH DIFFICULTIES The implementation of modern approaches that seek to deinstitutionalize traditional psychiatric services is hampered by unfavorable attitudes of the community towards people with mental disabilities. Stigma is one of the most important factors that delay seeking help and negatively affects the quality of life of people with mental health problems. The research was conducted to describe attitudes towards people with mental health problems and determine their relationship with socio-demographic variables, information, and personal experience with mental health problems. There were 108 participants aged 21 to 59 (71% female, 64.5% college and university degrees). The Community Attitudes toward Mental Illness scale (CAMI) (Taylor & Dear, 1981) and a survey questionnaire were used online. Participants have generally benevolent attitudes toward all dimensions of the scale. Higher self-assessment of knowledge about mental health problems leads to more favorable attitudes towards authoritarianism, and younger age to less social restraint. Participants with a high school diploma have more negative attitudes towards the dimensions of authoritarianism and benevolence than participants with a university degree. There are no significant differences in attitudes regarding the experience of seeking mental health support, but on the authoritarian dimension, there is a significant interaction effect of being informed and mental health support seeking. The results indicate the importance of further research into the relationship between attitudes and mental health support seeking and the level of being informed on mental health issues. Key words: mental health; mental health difficulties; attitudes; stigmatization

THE ROLE OF PATERNALISTIC LEADERSHIP IN EMPLOYEE VOICE AND SILENCE MOTIVES: DOES SURFACE SIMILARITY MATTERS?

Purpose of the study: This study compared the effect of paternalistic leadership on employee voice and silence motives based upon gender-based similarity attraction account among employee-leader dyads in Higher Educational Institutions (HEI). The study was conducted in public sector universities of Balochistan, Pakistan.
 Methodology: The Study used Partial least squares–structural equation modelling, along with advanced methods for multi-group analysis, to assess and compare the proposed relationships between the gender similar and dissimilar dyads.
 Main findings: The results of this study revealed significant differences between groups for the effect of the authoritative dimension of paternalism on pro-social silence, benevolence dimension of paternalism on quiescence silence and quiescence voice, and morality dimension on opportunistic silence.
 Application of the study: The current study might help HEI authorities in understanding the effects of paternalistic leadership and diversity management.
 Novelty/Originality of the study: This study makes a significant theoretical contribution by comparing the effect of paternalistic leadership on voicing motives of employees based on similarity attraction account between gender similar and dissimilar leader-subordinate dyads.

Do Paternalist Approaches of School Principals Kill Teachers' Autonomy?

This research aims to examine the relationship between school principals' paternalist leadership behaviours and teacher autonomy. The research is a descriptive study in which causal comparison and correlational method are used together. 292 teachers were determined by using disproportionate sampling method. In this research, the Paternalist Leadership Behaviours Scale developed by Saylık & Aydın (2020), and the Teacher Autonomy Scale developed by Çolak (2016) were used. As a result, it was revealed that school principals show moderate paternalist leadership behaviours according to teacher perceptions. It is concluded that there is a moderate and negative relationship between school principals' paternalist leadership approaches and teacher autonomy. As the paternalist leadership behaviours of school principals increase, teachers' autonomous behaviour decreases. Another result of the research is that there is a positive relationship between family atmosphere and benevolence dimensions and teacher autonomy.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PATERNALISTIC LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS AND PRE-SCHOOL TEACHERS’ JOB SATISFACTION

<p>This study investigated the relationship between school administrators' paternalistic leadership behaviors and pre-school teachers' job satisfaction. The relational survey model was used in the research. The population of the study consists of 575 pre-school teachers working in 81 schools in Batman province during the 2019-2020 academic year. Sampling was not used due to the lack of a good number of teachers in the research population. The "Paternalistic Leadership Behaviors Scale" and the "Job Satisfaction Scale" were used in the study. In the statistical analysis of the data, frequency and percentage, standard deviation, arithmetic mean, independent sample t-test, ANOVA test, LSD test, and correlation and regression analysis techniques were used. As a result of the research, there was a positive, moderate-level, and significant relationship between the family atmosphere and job satisfaction, a positive, moderate-level, and significant relationship between benevolence and job satisfaction, a negative, low-level, and significant relationship between authoritarianism and job satisfaction, a negative, low-level, and significant relationship between interventionism and job satisfaction, and a negative, moderate-level, and significant relationship between inadequacy and job satisfaction. As a result of research, it was concluded that the paternalistic leadership in the dimensions of authoritarianism, interventionism, and inadequacy had a negative effect on teachers' job satisfaction levels, and the behaviors in the family atmosphere and benevolence dimensions had a positive effect on teachers' job satisfaction levels. All dimensions of paternalistic leadership explain about 26% of the total variance in teachers' job satisfaction in general.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0794/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Psychological contract breach and voluntary turnover among newcomers: the role of supervisor trustworthiness and negative affectivity

AbstractThis article looks at the relationship between psychological contract breach and voluntary turnover among newcomers, using supervisor trustworthiness as a mediator and negative affectivity as a moderator. Relying on data from 243 newcomers, psychological contract breach was found to be negatively related to the three dimensions of supervisor trustworthiness, i.e., ability, benevolence, and integrity. Supervisor integrity further mediated a positive relationship between psychological contract breach and voluntary turnover measured 8 months later. Psychological contract breach interacted with negative affectivity such that it was less negatively related to dimensions of supervisor trustworthiness at high levels of negative affectivity. The indirect relationship of psychological contract breach to voluntary turnover as mediated by supervisor integrity was also weaker at high levels of negative affectivity. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice.

An Empirical Analysis of Dimensional Trust in Online Group Buying Sites

Building websites that generate adequate perception of ability, integrity, and benevolence dimensions of trust amongst even the first-time visitors is critically important for online group buying (OGB) sites; otherwise, visitors may be reluctant to transact. Current literature suggests that certain website features can induce overall trust perception (TP); however, their impact on specific trust dimensions has received little attention resulting in scholarly and managerial lacunae to precisely diagnose and remedy the problem with TP. To address this knowledge gap, this study first categorizes the trust-inducing features and then explores their impact on the trust dimensions of an OGB website in India. The results indicate differential impact of feature categories on the trust dimensions, thereby revealing new insights into the theory and practice of achieving targeted trust perception in online retail stores. The study describes limitations and offers meaningful scholarly and managerial implications.

Correlation of Trust and Work Engagement: a Modern Organizational Approach

In modern organizations, in which changes are happening faster and more unpredictably, employees are gaining a more complex role and increasing importance. New approaches to employee insight, based on the heavy work investment concept (HWI), bring together different theoretical and practical approaches that attempt to explain the causes and consequences of certain organizational behaviors. The fundamental issue is determining whether engagement and trust, remain two of the critical factors of an organizations success, or are their roles in effectively organized systems significantly changed or reduced. This research aims to establish a correlation between trust and work engagement in on 787 respondents from 16 organizations in Serbia. Trust in organizations is measured through the dimensions of benevolence, integrity, competence and predictability. Engagement of employees is measured through the dimensions of energy, dedication and absorption. The results showed a significant correlation between dimensions of trust: benevolence/integrity and competence, with all work engagement dimensions. The strongest correlation is established between the trust dimension of benevolence/integrity and the work engagement dimension – energy. The significance of the research is reflected in the elucidation of behavioral factors of employees in organizations burdened with transitional changes

Does a paternalistic leader facilitate voice and creative performance? Evidence from Ghana

Drawing upon the conservation of resource theory and leadership contingency model, this study investigated how and when employee voice under three paternalistic leadership dimensions of benevolence, morality, and authoritarianism relates to creativity. The sample included matched survey responses obtained from 82 leaders and 324 subordinates from manufacturing companies in Ghana. Structural equation modelling and regression analysis results revealed benevolent leadership to foster creativity, while authoritarian leadership stymied creativity. The relationship between benevolent/ authoritarian leadership and creativity was stronger with promotive voice with power distance but, not with prohibitive voice. Our findings extend social exchange, a self-based concept perspective, to conservation of resource theory in order to enhance understanding of paternalistic leadership potential to affect employees’ perception of resource gain or loss with voice expression.

Promotive or Inhibitive? Examining the impact of Paternalistic Leadership on Creative Performance

Drawing upon conservation of resource theory and leadership contingency model, this study investigated how and when the three paternalistic leadership dimensions of benevolence, morality, and authoritarianism relates to creativity. The sample included matched survey responses obtained from 82 leaders and 324 subordinates from manufacturing companies in Ghana. Results from structural equation modelling and regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between benevolent leadership and creativity, while authoritarian leadership impacted negatively on creativity. There was no significant relationship between moral leadership and creativity. Promotive voice significantly mediated the relationships between benevolent/authoritarian leadership and creativity, but the mediating role of prohibitive voice was not significant. Power distance orientation not only strengthens benevolent leadership’s positive effects on promotive voice, but also strengthens authoritarian leadership’s negative effects on both promotive and prohibitive voice. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

Leader-Follower Agreement on Paternalistic Leadership: A Cross-Cultural Investigation

This study investigates how leader-follower agreement on two dimensions of paternalistic leadership (i.e., authoritarianism and benevolence) influence quality of communication experience with the leader across three countries: Taiwan, Turkey, and the U.S. We also examine the mediating role of quality of communication in linking agreement on paternalism to subordinate performance (i.e., in-role and extra-role performance). Our sample consisted of 674 Taiwanese, 409 Turkish, and 294 American employees and their leaders. For benevolence dimension, the highest quality of communication was reported for in-agreement/high leaders, second highest for under-estimators, third highest for in-agreement/low and the lowest for over-estimators, regardless of culture. However, agreement on benevolence was more important in Turkey and the U.S., as compared to Taiwan in predicting the quality of communication with leaders. Authoritarianism dimension, a negative leadership style, revealed more variability across countries suggesting that not only leader-follower agreement per se, but also the nature of leadership under question is important. Quality of communication experience was found to be a significant mediating mechanism in all three countries.

The quality of service and familiarity with the brand in the Market Circolo of Chaclacayo district, Lima 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la asociación entre la calidad del servicio y la familiaridad con la marca en los clientes del Market Circolo de Chaclacayo, Lima. Este trabajo desarrolla un estudio correlacional con un diseño no experimental de corte transversal. Participaron en el estudio 200 clientes, calculado de una población promedio diaria de 900 compradores. Para medir la calidad del servicio: fiabilidad, evidencias físicas, interacción personal y políticas, se utilizó el Calsuper, y el instrumento Brand Trust Scale para medir la familiaridad con la marca: credibilidad, integridad, benevolencia y compromiso, ambos instrumentos valoran las respuestas en la escala de Likert. Los resultados, mediante la prueba Rho de Spearman, demuestran que existe asociación entre la calidad del servicio y la familiaridad con la marca, obteniéndose un coeficiente de 0.622 (p valor 0.000). Entre calidad del servicio y las dimensiones credibilidad (0.582); integridad (0.505) benevolencia (0.487); finalmente la dimensión compromiso (0.524). Se concluye que a mayores niveles de calidad del servicio, los clientes manifiestan mayor familiaridad con la marca, es decir que la familiaridad con la marca está determinada por el nivel de calidad del servicio.

Women’s customer trusts in hospital's inpatient services

Introduction: Customer trust is a tribute to officers or institutions performances and sacrifices. In the health marketing system, the relationship among health workers, doctors, patients or health service users is essential. The declining of women’s health will have an impact on the overall life qualities of the community and eventually will decrease the Indonesian Human Development Index. The purpose of this research was to analyze the customer trust of women’s inpatient in hospitals at West Java and determine the most influential dimensions and indicators of the women’s inpatient customer trust. Methods: This research was explanatory research conducted with the survey method with the sample size of 398 respondents. The unit of analysis was a hospital in West Java, while the observation unit was the inpatient community group which considers inadequate and gets health financing subsidies from the government in 42 hospitals from 28 cities or regencies in the West Java provinces. The sampling method was multistage sampling and the research tool was a questionnaire. Customer trust variable had two dimensions: honesty and benevolence; each with five indicators. The statistical analysis method used in this research was the Wilcoxon test and partial least square test. Results: Both dimensions were dominant in measuring the customer trust variables with loading factor values which relatively similar to 0.831 for benevolence and 0.831 for honesty. Hospital staff as a dominant indicator of benevolence, given the loading factor value at 0.819 and R2 value at 0.480; hospital staff with integrity as a dominant indicator for honesty, given the loading factor value at 0.825 and R2 value at 0.472. Conclusion: Women’s customer trust of inpatient services in hospitals at West Java is in good condition. Honesty and benevolence dimension also has the same value in measuring women’s customer trust. The most dominant indicator in measuring the dimension of benevolence is hospital staff and hospital staff with integrity for the honesty dimension.Keywords: Customer trust, women, inpatient service, hospital.

Tacticality, Authenticity, or Both? The Ethical Paradox of Actor Ingratiation and Target Trust Reactions

Ingratiation is an impression management strategy whereby actors try to curry favor with targets, and is one of the more pervasive social activities in a workplace. An assumption in the literature is that a target’s awareness of the tactical purposes behind ingratiation (e.g., “he merely wants a raise”) is an ethical concern which triggers suspicions of ulterior motives and casts the actor as distrustful. However, this assumption fails to consider alternative explanations in that ingratiation may also be perceived as occurring for authentic purposes (e.g., “he really wants to be liked”). This alternative view may cause targets to cast the actor differently, and thus presents an intriguing ethical paradox where actors could be recognized by targets as trustful, distrustful, or some level in-between. This research draws on behavioral ethics and attributional models to investigate supervisor trust of employees who engage in ingratiation. We report two studies that examine perceived tactical ingratiation, perceived authentic ingratiation, and their interaction as predictors of supervisor trust using multisource data from two field samples. Across the two studies, we find positive interactions between tactical and authentic ingratiation as predictors of trust and trustworthiness. Study 2 also shows that combined tactical and authentic ingratiation predicts the trustworthiness dimensions of benevolence and integrity, but not ability. The results suggest that ingratiation is portrayed somewhat bleaker than necessary in the literature, and that when actors engage in tactical ingratiation that is also deemed authentic, targets respond with less concern than the literature would suggest.