Intelligent Transportation Systems Benefits Research Articles

WASPAS Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method for Assessment Effectiveness and Performance Intelligent Transportation Systems Alternatives

The assessment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) plays a vital role in understanding their effectiveness, efficiency, and impact on transportation networks. This abstract provides an overview of the criteria for assessing ITS and highlights the importance of a comprehensive and multidimensional approach. The requirements discussed include safety, efficiency, mobility, environmental impact, user satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, scalability and interoperability, data security and privacy, technological reliability and resilience, regulatory and policy compliance, equity and accessibility, system integration, innovation and future-readiness, stakeholder engagement, performance monitoring and evaluation, resilience and disaster preparedness, social and economic impact, and continuous improvement and adaptation. By considering these criteria, stakeholders can gain valuable insights into the performance and benefits of ITS, aiding in decision-making, policy development, and future planning for transportation systems. This study uses multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies, such as the assessing attractiveness method and the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method. The WASPAS method is used to rank the alternatives. We used 18 criteria and 8 alternatives to be organised. The sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the stability of the results.

Modeling and Optimization of Traffic Sensor Layout Based on Landslide Risk

The layout of traffic sensor network nodes is related to the economic benefits of intelligent transportation systems. In this paper, we use the information model of landslide hazard susceptibility as the new measurement method, and adapt the landslide disaster susceptibility zoning result as the constraint condition of the maximum comprehensive value optimization model. The relevant parameters of the model are analysed, and the mathematics of each parameter is given. Through the example of sensor layout of Chongqing Yuxiang Expressway, it is determined that the number of optimal section sensors is 142 and the optimal layout spacing is about 676m. The results show that compared with the widely used graph theory model, the model can not only determine the optimal number of sensors but also give the best position of each sensor. The parameters of the model are calibrated for different situations. The results show that the model is easy to extend to different cities, different road conditions and different sensor types, and has good universality.

MULTI OBJECT DETECTION AND TRACKING USING OPTICAL FLOW DENSITY – HUNGARIAN KALMAN FILTER (OFD - HKF) ALGORITHM FOR VEHICLE COUNTING

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is one of the most developing research topic along with growing advance technology and digital information. The benefits of research topic on ITS are to address some problems related to traffic conditions. Vehicle detection and tracking is one of the main step to realize the benefits of ITS. There are several problems related to vehicles detection and tracking. The appearance of shadow, illumination change, challenging weather, motion blur and dynamic background such a big challenges issue in vehicles detection and tracking. Vehicles detection in this paper using the Optical Flow Density algorithm by utilizing the gradient of object displacement on video frames. Gradient image feature and HSV color space on Optical flow density guarantee the object detection in illumination change and challenging weather for more robust accuracy. Hungarian Kalman filter algorithm used for vehicle tracking. Vehicle tracking used to solve miss detection problems caused by motion blur and dynamic background. Hungarian kalman filter combine the recursive state estimation and optimal solution assignment. The future positon estimation makes the vehicles detected although miss detection occurance on vehicles. Vehicles counting used single line counting after the vehicles pass that line. The average accuracy for each process of vehicles detection, tracking, and counting were 93.6%, 88.2% and 88.2% respectively.

Applying Benefit-Cost Analysis to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and the Australian Context

An Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a broad term encompassing a wide-range of individual technologies, from simple smart signs to real-time electronic monitoring and management of traffic flows. The use of such technologies is often touted as a way of easing traffic congestion, increasing safety, improving environmental quality, and eliminating the need for construction of new road or transit capacity by using existing capacity more effectively. However, actual measurement and analysis of the total costs and total benefits of ITS is rarely done, even though ITS can require a substantial capital and ongoing operating investment. This paper will review the (rather sparse) literature on benefit-cost analysis of ITS; identify the specific technological components which make up ITS; discuss how to apply a benefit-cost methodology to a generic ITS 'project'; and explore how benefit-cost analysis of ITS in Australia's capital cities might properly proceed.

State of Knowledge and Practice

This study examined the capacity of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to reduce energy consumption in the transportation sector. Research included a literature review focused on the energy-saving capacity of ITS technologies and interviews with ITS stakeholders and transportation experts and practitioners. A case study of an ITS project in Portland, Oregon, was used to illustrate the challenges and the opportunities associated with implementing ITS technologies. The objective of this study was to document the state of knowledge and practice and to create a resource for action and implementation of ITS technologies with energy savings as a goal. There is a lack of empirical evidence to substantiate the capacity of ITS to reduce energy consumption in the transportation sector. However, research indicates that the use of ITS has contributed to reductions in vehicular delay but further benefits may be limited. In contrast, ITS does have the potential to reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT), with significant benefits, although the benefits are uncertain. The shortage of empirical evidence of ITS benefits may be a function of the limited interest in the energy and environmental benefits of ITS compared with the interest in congestion and safety. In the ITS industry, the focus is on the connected vehicle initiative and, more broadly, the many opportunities to integrate and to leverage multiple ITS applications. There are opportunities to deploy ITS technologies with the purpose of reducing energy consumption in the transportation sector, to document any gains, and to address the lack of evidence supporting the energy-reducing capacity of ITS.

Report Notes Benefits, Costs, and Lessons Learned from ITS Applications

This article describes a report released by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) in which data collected by the DOT’s Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Joint Program Office (JPO) offers a look at the benefits, costs, and lessons learned from ITS The report, an update to the 2003 report, expands the earlier versions by including summaries of the lessons learned from various ITS planning, deployment, operation, maintenance, and evaluation experiences. The report also examines the benefits and costs of different components comprising intelligent infrastructure. This includes technologies such as arterial management systems, freeway and incident management systems, and electronic payment systems. The report also describes a system developed by the authors in which a rating is assigned to a technology based on the findings in the ITS Benefits Database. By using the ratings derived from case studies in the Database, readers may be able to assess the applicability of a particular technology before pursuing actual implementation.

Framework for evaluation of communication system loading for ATIS and ATMS applications

Significant efforts are being made at present to define, evaluate and ultimately deploy, various forms of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). These systems permit the implementation of advanced traffic control strategies through the application of advanced surveillance, control and communication systems. Traditionally, the evaluation of the performance of these communication systems and traffic networks has been predominantly independent of each other. This paper describes the development and application of an extension to an ITS benefits evaluation model to permit a partially coupled evaluation of the communication system loading and the ATMS/ATIS functions. This extended model is capable of estimating dynamic local and network-wide communication loadings that depend on the spatial and temporal traffic demands, the network topology, the characteristics of the communication hardware and the communication system operating rules. The model is applied in this paper to a simple hypothetical network to demonstrate the potential benefits of carrying out a partially coupled evaluation of communication system loading and traffic network efficiency. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the impact of the fraction of ITS equipped vehicles and the level of congestion on the level of communication loadings. It was demonstrated that, as a result of congestion and traffic diversion, antenna communication loads did not uniformly increase in direct proportion to the average number of equipped vehicles entering the network.

Benefit and Cost Parameters of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Use in Evaluations of Deployment Analysis Systems in Florida

The Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Deployment Analysis System (IDAS) is a sketch planning analysis tool that can be used to estimate the impacts and costs resulting from the deployment of ITS components. The program includes default values for the parameters required to calculate ITS deployment costs and benefits. IDAS allows users to override the default values of ITS device cost and benefit parameters, including unit cost estimates, cost assumptions, benefit module parameters, ITS impacts, and impact dollar values. On one hand, the use of cost and benefit parameter values that better represent the region under consideration is expected to produce better assessments of ITS deployment alternatives. On the other hand, collection of regional ITS cost and benefit parameters could be expensive, and some required parameters might not be available for the region under consideration. For this reason, IDAS users tend to use many of the program's default values in their analyses. This paper reports on th...

Benefit and Cost Parameters of Intelligent Transportation Systems

The Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Deployment Analysis System (IDAS) is a sketch planning analysis tool that can be used to estimate the impacts and costs resulting from the deployment of ITS components. The program includes default values for the parameters required to calculate ITS deployment costs and benefits. IDAS allows users to override the default values of ITS device cost and benefit parameters, including unit cost estimates, cost assumptions, benefit module parameters, ITS impacts, and impact dollar values. On one hand, the use of cost and benefit parameter values that better represent the region under consideration is expected to produce better assessments of ITS deployment alternatives. On the other hand, collection of regional ITS cost and benefit parameters could be expensive, and some required parameters might not be available for the region under consideration. For this reason, IDAS users tend to use many of the program's default values in their analyses. This paper reports on the results of a project that was initiated by the Florida Department of Transportation to identify Florida-specific cost and benefit parameters for use as inputs to IDAS ITS alternative assessments in Florida. The paper also compares the results obtained by using these derived parameters with the results obtained by using the national defaults when a real world ITS deployment project is being evaluated. The produced cost estimate for this deployment project is also compared with the actual cost of the project.

Mainstreaming Intelligent Transportation Systems: Survey of California Leaders

Factors affecting the implementation of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) as a "mainstream" transportation planning activity are investigated. Interviews with 51 leaders from a cross section of jurisdictions and agencies in California are drawn upon. The interviews revealed that the vast majority of elected officials and senior staff are familiar with ITS but are irritated by ITS literature, which they view as heavily promotional and full of jargon. Many believe that ITS is being implemented fairly quickly overall and that ITS elements that are not proceeding well suffer from institutional problems or market weaknesses. Respondents do not see a problem in fitting ITS projects into mainstream transportation planning processes, but they complain of a lack of good information on ITS benefits and costs. Many are concerned that ITS evaluations have not been conducted objectively and focus too heavily on system benefits rather than traveler benefits. Many believe that the private sector should be left to implement some ITS applications while they agree that earmarking funds for ITS applications would speed their implementation. Respondents suggest that the state department of transportation should lead by example and implement ready-to-go technologies on its own facilities and within its own agency. Respondents also recommend building stronger partnerships with local government and other state agencies and developing mutually beneficial, multipurpose applications. Finally, respondents urge that future ITS work should pay more attention to legal and institutional issues and provide a clearer sense of "next steps." The findings should be of use to state and local organizations with an interest in encouraging ITS implementation.

Using the Canadian ITS architecture for evaluating the safety benefits of intelligent transportation systems

The benefits of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are indirectly represented by the annual world market for ITS, which according to ITS Canada (2002) will be $90 billion CAN by 2011. Improved safety is often cited as the top goal of implementing ITS. Despite the magnitude of these investments and their underlying goal to improve transportation safety, there are deficiencies in the quantity and quality of reported ITS safety benefits. Many of the benefits reported to date suffer from poor data, lack of an evaluation framework, and inconsistent terminology used to attribute benefits to ITS application areas. This paper explores these issues, while attempting to address one of them, namely the lack of an evaluation framework for assessing the safety benefits of ITS. Accordingly, a unique framework is developed based on the Canadian ITS architecture. The framework includes the identification of evaluation metrics that are mapped to the market packages in the Canadian ITS architecture and correlated with each other to capture the "cause" and "effect" flow of benefits. This framework will benefit future ITS safety evaluations by providing a structure for undertaking evaluations using terminology consistent with the Canadian ITS architecture.Key words: intelligent transportation systems, ITS architecture, safety benefits, safety evaluation.

Case–Based Reasoning for Assessing Intelligent Transportation Systems Benefits

Existing transportation planning modeling tools have critical limitations with respect to assessing the benefits of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) deployment. In this article, we present a novel framework for developing modeling tools for quantifying ITS deployments benefits. This approach is based on using case–based reasoning (CBR), an artificial intelligence paradigm, to capture and organize the insights gained from running a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model. To demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, the study develops a prototype system for evaluating the benefits of diverting traffic away from incident locations using variable message signs. A real–world network from the Hartford area in Connecticut is used in developing the system. The performance of the prototype is evaluated by comparing its predictions to those obtained using a detailed DTA model. The prototype system is shown to yield solutions comparable to those obtained from the DTA model, thus demonstrating the feasibility of the approach.

Travel-Time Reliability as a Measure of Service

Statistics from a corridor along Interstate 5 in Los Angeles show that average travel time and travel-time variability are meaningful measures of freeway performance. Variability of travel time is an important measure of service quality for travelers. Travel time can be used to quantify the effect of incidents, and incident information can help reduce travel-time uncertainty. Predictability of travel time is a measure of the benefits of intelligent transportation systems. These measures differ from those defined in the Highway Capacity Manual and other aggregate measures of delay.

Intelligent Transportation Systems: Creating Operational, Institutional, and Labor Force Changes in the United States

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are a set of technical applications that have grown out of computer age and have been reinforced by the overwhelming momentum of developments in information technology. Conceived initially as a series of unrelated approaches to reduce congestion and improve safety, ITS, as it is evolving, will affect behavior of transportation users and system operators in ways that go far beyond what their original designers foresaw. This paper presents an overview of ITS in American transportation systems. It discusses the forces creating the need for, and applications of, ITS; it then defines ITS from both institutional and operational perspective; and finally cites examples and benefits of ITS and speculates about its used.

Breakeven Analysis for Statewide Intelligent Transportation System Project Identification and Assessment

The use of breakeven analysis as a tool to assess the benefits of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) at the system level in systemwide sketch planning is discussed. The breakeven analysis was developed on the basis of the SCRITS (SCReening for ITS) spreadsheet template and used data from Madison, Wisconsin, as a case study and provided considerable in sight into the magnitude of the potential benefits of different ITS programs. The analysis can help identify critical performance variables in the assessment of ITS benefits. Breakeven analysis coupled with sensitivity analysis can be used to identify and assess ITS projects for deployment in the ITS planning and programming process with limited data. It can be used to screen, prioritize, and select ITS projects among different ITS options. It can also be used to compare ITS projects in different geographic locations on the basis of different traffic data and breakeven points. The method is also useful in the identification of data needed for detailed ITS project assessments and evaluations. Such data should include before-and-after studies of ITS deployments as well as refined cost data and traffic flow estimates. The case study identified the breakeven points of several ITS deployment options, including ramp metering, traveler information systems, emergency response systems, and commercial vehicle operations under a variety of scenarios. These results can be used to identify and operate ITS projects so that they are likely to have the greatest payoff from their deployment.

Applying Benefit/Cost Analysis To Identify and Measure the Benefits of Intelligent Transportation Systems

The guidance provided by benefit/cost analysis (BCA) is used to identify the measures appropriate for assessing the benefits of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) investments using BCA. Proper recognition of how ITS differs from conventional transportation improvements can avoid expensive data collection, serious underestimates of the benefits of ITS, and mistakes in our planning and investment policies. The steps in BCA are described, including its strict rules governing the inclusion of benefit measures. An ITS causal model chain is presented that links the five traditional ITS goals (efficiency, mobility, safety, productivity, and energy/environment). The model chain varies from the conventional planning model because the ITS mobility and productivity benefit measures do not vary directly with its safety, energy, and environmental impacts. Recommendations are given for avoiding double counting ITS mobility and productivity benefits, and for identifying them correctly. Errors in valuing the mobility benefit using observed data on travel and ITS product and service buying behavior are described, as is the potential for serious underestimates of ITS mobility benefits from using observed or predicted travel time savings as the primary mobility benefit measure. Instead, direct measurement and valuation of the ITS mobility benefit using customer satisfaction (stated preference) survey methods avoid the problems of ( a) how exactly to measure the utility-generating features of ITS user benefits, and ( b) observing the behavioral responses to ITS information, which involve expensive data collection. Measuring customer satisfaction directly can also simplify other areas of ITS evaluation, including avoiding traditional transportation modeling in some instances.