Benefit Of Others Research Articles

Women and scientist: the yellow light on the ivory tower

The study purposes were to understand the background of women scientist (WS) in studying science, what motivate them to choose science and technology field, exploring their achievement, understanding their social support, exploring their problems. This research was qualitative case study approach. The key informant were four who come from Industrial Engineering and Mathematics and Science Faculty of Universitas Islam Indonesia. The data collection method used depth interviews, observation and documentation. The data test method used triangulation while analysis uses reduction-display-conclusion. The research found that WS studied science because of their interest of internal factor and the environment role of external factor. Their motives also gave benefit for others and increase their networking that is bit similar to McClelland’s Theory. WS had high excellent achievement in functional and structural positions, they received awards from their university until international award which are related to their research result. They also occupied important university structural position. They faced role conflict problem which similar to Greenhaus and Beutell (1985) Theory which increase their behavior changing. They faced marginalization because of their marital status and fear of success tendency which are losing cooking skills and having risk of not having friends which similar to Shaw and Costanzo (1982) Theory.

Risk and responsibility: Private equity financiers and the US shale revolution

Drawing on ethnographic research in Houston, Texas, I explore how private equity financiers in the US hydrocarbon industry are empowered to define and take financial risks on our collective behalf. The US shale revolution could not have unfolded without the financial risk‐taking activities of private equity financiers who channeled billions of dollars into US unconventional exploration and production (“fracking”). These financiers are motivated not only by their own capitalist projects but also by feelings of responsibility to take financial risks for the benefit of others. Shedding light on this enigmatic community, I attend to the relatively neglected area of hydrocarbon finance and highlight how perceptions of financial risk and responsibility become entangled to shape our collective energy present(s) and future(s). As an essential piece of the financial infrastructure that connects investors around the world with US hydrocarbon activities, I suggest that private equity firms are conduits not only of capital but also of responsibility.

PSEUDO DEMOKRASI DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN BERMARTABAT

Democracy in Indonesia is experiencing distortion because of the many things that are paradoxical to democracy, namely the Corruption Perception Index which is getting lower and is below the average of countries in the world. SOEs that are managed haphazardly and are only used as a place for compensation for political support so that they bear the burden of mega-debt and instead suck up state finances. And the regulations for the implementation of democracy are made only for the momentary interests of the ruling party and are unable to provide good democratic education to the people. In the perspective of dignified justice, democracy should be carried out with good intentions so that it can make Indonesian society a prosperous society. With the principle of ngewongne wong (humanizing humans) we should act as best we can for the benefit of others, especially for the primary interests of all our beloved Indonesian people. Dignified justice originating from divine values ​​as the upper stream and noble values ​​of society (volkgeist) idealizes an essential democracy that is properly implemented for the benefit of the people so that it can prosper all Indonesian citizens in particular and can make a significant contribution to human civilization.

Exercise Is Medicine On Campus (EIM-OC): Impact Since Inception

Exercise is Medicine On Campus (EIM-OC) was founded in 2009 and has had over 300 participating universities worldwide. In addition to its impact on campuses, EIM-OC outcomes and research findings have been disseminated broadly. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to quantify the impact EIM-OC has had through all published peer-reviewed venues since inception. METHODS: This review followed PRIMSA guidelines with a stepwise verification process to identify all articles and published abstracts. Search terms included: ( "Exercise is Medicine" ) AND ( (campus* OR universit* OR colleg* OR academ*) ), with variations as required by databases. Year limits were set 2009 to 2020. Databases included: EBSCO, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Assessment included manual review of the following journals: ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal, Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, Current Sports Medicine Reports, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, and Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. Reference lists of relevant articles were searched for possible additional articles to review. Additionally, all of the published content from the ACSM annual and regional meetings was reviewed. RESULTS: After full review, 9 scholarly articles and 35 published abstracts were included. Scholarly articles have garnered: 23 citations, 970 usages, 21 Tweets, and 47 shares on social media. When reported, average 5-year impact factor of journals was 1.29. Published abstracts have been presented at 8 international conferences with a total attendance of 44,884. CONCLUSIONS: EIM-OC has a successful record of substantial peer-reviewed, published works over the first decade of existence. When programs are assessed, outcomes improve; when programs are assessed and reported, the rate of improvement increases. Therefore, EIM-OC encourages its members to proactively gather data and publish high-quality articles to: 1) improve program efficacy at the campus level, 2) disseminate findings for the benefit of others, and 3) provide feedback on how to advance EIM-OC as a whole.

Social Isolation of Older Adults in Long Term Care as a Result of COVID-19 Mitigation Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Social Isolation of Older Adults in Long Term Care as a Result of COVID-19 Mitigation Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Having less, giving less: The effects of unfavorable social comparisons of affluence on people’s willingness to act for the benefit of others

AbstractPrevious research has found a negative relationship between individual differences in personal relative deprivation (PRD; i.e., resentment stemming from the belief that one is worse off than similar others) and prosociality. Whether PRD causes reductions in people's willingness to act for the benefit of others, however, is yet to be established. Across six studies, we experimentally examined whether experiences of PRD via unfavorable (vs. favorable or lateral) social comparisons of affluence reduced prosociality toward known others and strangers. We found that making hypothetical (Study 1) or real (Study 2) unfavorable social comparisons of affluence in workplace contexts reduced participants’ organizational citizenship behavioral intentions. Furthermore, adverse social comparisons of affluence reduced generosity toward the targets of those comparisons during a Dictator Game (Studies 3 to 6). Across studies, we also measured participants’ subjective and objective socioeconomic status and found, contrary to previous theory and research, no consistent relationship between status and prosociality and no modulation of this relationship by either local or macro‐level inequality. These results suggest that local, specific interpersonal comparisons of affluence play a more dominant role in people's willingness to act for the benefit of a comparison target than do their subjective or objective class rank or the prevailing income inequality of the state in which they reside.

BISNIS SEBAGAI GERAKAN DAKWAH DAN DAMPAKNYA BAGI KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL MENURUT TAFSIR AL-MISBAH

This paper aims to describe business in the view of Islam according to Ibn Ubaid in Al-Amwal. The focus studied is business as a da'wah movement that has an impact on the social welfare of the people as exemplified by the role model of Muslims, Prophet Muhammad SAW. Through literature review, data collection comes from books and articles and analyzed and triangulation of data. Through this method, it can be explained that Islam accommodates every human effort in managing his life through business. It is based on teachings that are attentive to social life so that an Islamic business culture is formed which leads to social welfare through three main assets as a guide, namely, profit (material) and benefit (non-material), growth and blessings. Quraish Shihab shows that Islam's attention to every business that contains benefits for others deserves appreciation in one's spiritual quality. In addition, economic stability and good governance of state administration are factors for creating prosperity by adhering to the principles of monotheism, the benefit of mankind, the unity of humanity, the belief in the unity of the world and the hereafter .

Divergent Genomic Adaptations in the Microbiomes of Arctic Subzero Sea-Ice and Cryopeg Brines.

Subzero hypersaline brines are liquid microbial habitats within otherwise frozen environments, where concentrated dissolved salts prevent freezing. Such extreme conditions presumably require unique microbial adaptations, and possibly altered ecologies, but specific strategies remain largely unknown. Here we examined prokaryotic taxonomic and functional diversity in two seawater-derived subzero hypersaline brines: first-year sea ice, subject to seasonally fluctuating conditions; and ancient cryopeg, under relatively stable conditions geophysically isolated in permafrost. Overall, both taxonomic composition and functional potential were starkly different. Taxonomically, sea-ice brine communities (∼105 cells mL–1) had greater richness, more diversity and were dominated by bacterial genera, including Polaribacter, Paraglaciecola, Colwellia, and Glaciecola, whereas the more densely inhabited cryopeg brines (∼108 cells mL–1) lacked these genera and instead were dominated by Marinobacter. Functionally, however, sea ice encoded fewer accessory traits and lower average genomic copy numbers for shared traits, though DNA replication and repair were elevated; in contrast, microbes in cryopeg brines had greater genetic versatility with elevated abundances of accessory traits involved in sensing, responding to environmental cues, transport, mobile elements (transposases and plasmids), toxin-antitoxin systems, and type VI secretion systems. Together these genomic features suggest adaptations and capabilities of sea-ice communities manifesting at the community level through seasonal ecological succession, whereas the denser cryopeg communities appear adapted to intense bacterial competition, leaving fewer genera to dominate with brine-specific adaptations and social interactions that sacrifice some members for the benefit of others. Such cryopeg genomic traits provide insight into how long-term environmental stability may enable life to survive extreme conditions.

Wearing a mask-For yourself or for others? Behavioral correlates of mask wearing among COVID-19 frontline workers.

Human behavior can have effects on oneself and externalities on others. Mask wearing is such a behavior in the current pandemic. What motivates people to wear face masks in public when mask wearing is voluntary or not enforced? Which benefits should the policy makers rather emphasize in information campaigns—the reduced chances of getting the SARS-CoV-2 virus (benefits for oneself) or the reduced chances of transmitting the virus (benefits for others in the society)? In this paper, we link measured risk preferences and other-regarding preferences to mask wearing habits among 840 surveyed employees of two large Swiss hospitals. We find that the leading mask-wearing motivations change with age: While for older people, mask wearing habits are best explained by their self-regarding risk preferences, younger people are also motivated by other-regarding concerns. Our results are robust to different specifications including linear probability models, probit models and Lasso covariate selection models. Our findings thus allow drawing policy implications for effectively communicating public-health recommendations to frontline workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Neural coding of human values is underpinned by brain areas representing the core self in the cortical midline region

The impact of human values on our choices depends on their nature. Self-transcendence values motivate us to act for the benefit of others and care for the environment. Self-enhancement values motivate us to act for our benefit. The present study examines differences in the neural processes underlying these two value domains. Extending our previous research, we used fMRI to explore first of all neural correlates of Self-Transcendence vs Self-Enhancement values, with a particular focus on the putative role of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), which has been linked to a self-transcendent mindset. Additionally, we investigated the neural basis of Openness to Change vs Conservation values. We asked participants to reflect on and rate values as guiding principles in their lives while undergoing fMRI. Mental processing of Self-Transcendence values was associated with higher brain activity in the dorsomedial (BA9, BA8) and ventromedial (BA10) prefrontal cortices, as compared to Self-Enhancement values. The former involved activation and the latter deactivation of those regions. We did not detect differences in brain activation between Openness to Change vs Conservation values. Self-Transcendence values thus shared brain regions with social processes that have previously been linked to a self-transcendent mindset, and the “core self” representation.

Field Research: A Graduate Student's Guide

Abstract What is field research? Is it just for qualitative scholars? Must it be done in a foreign country? How much time in the field is “enough”? A lack of disciplinary consensus on what constitutes “field research” or “fieldwork” has left graduate students in political science underinformed and thus underequipped to leverage site-intensive research to address issues of interest and urgency across the subfields. Uneven training in Ph.D. programs has also left early-career researchers underprepared for the logistics of fieldwork, from developing networks and effective sampling strategies to building respondents’ trust, and related issues of funding, physical safety, mental health, research ethics, and crisis response. Based on the experience of five junior scholars, this paper offers answers to questions that graduate students puzzle over, often without the benefit of others’ “lessons learned.” This practical guide engages theory and praxis, in support of an epistemologically and methodologically pluralistic discipline.

Quality appraisal of systematic reviews of interventions for children with cerebral palsy reveals critically low confidence.

To evaluate the methodological quality of recent systematic reviews of interventions for children with cerebral palsy in order to determine the level of confidence in the reviews' conclusions. A comprehensive search of 22 databases identified eligible systematic reviews with and without meta-analysis published worldwide from 2015 to 2019. We independently extracted data and used A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) to appraise methodological quality. Eighty-three systematic reviews met strict eligibility criteria. Most were from Europe and Latin America and reported on rehabilitative interventions. AMSTAR-2 appraisal found critically low confidence in 88% (n=73) because of multiple and varied deficiencies. Only 7% (n=6) had no AMSTAR-2 critical domain deficiency. The number of systematic reviews increased fivefold from 2015 to 2019; however, quality did not improve over time. Most of these systematic reviews are considered unreliable according to AMSTAR-2. Current recommendations for treating children with CP based on these flawed systematic reviews need re-evaluation. Findings are comparable to reports from other areas of medicine, despite the general perception that systematic reviews are high-level evidence. The required use of current widely accepted guidance for conducting and reporting systematic reviews by authors, peer reviewers, and editors is critical to ensure reliable, unbiased, and transparent systematic reviews. What this paper adds Confidence was critically low in the conclusions of 88% of systematic reviews about interventions for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Quality issues in the sample were not limited to systematic reviews of non-randomized trials, or to those about certain populations of CP or interventions. The inclusion of meta-analysis did not improve the level of confidence in these systematic reviews. Numbers of systematic reviews on this topic increased over the 5 search years but their methodological quality did not improve.

Smiles as a Signal of Prosocial Behaviors Toward the Robot in the Therapeutic Setting for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

We explored how robot-assisted therapy based on smile analysis may facilitate the prosocial behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder. Prosocial behaviors, which are actions for the benefit of others, are required to belong to society and increase the quality of life. As smiling is a candidate for predicting prosocial behaviors in robot-assisted therapy, we measured smiles by annotating behaviors that were recorded with video cameras and by classifying facial muscle activities recorded with a wearable device. While interacting with a robot, the participants experienced two situations where participants' prosocial behaviors are expected, which were supporting the robot to walk and helping the robot from falling. We first explored the overall smiles at specific timings and prosocial behaviors. Then, we explored the smiles triggered by a robot and behavior changes before engaging in prosocial behaviors. The results show that the specific timing of smiles and prosocial behaviors increased in the second session of children with autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, a smile was followed by a series of behaviors before prosocial behavior. With a proposed Bayesian model, smiling, or heading predicted prosocial behaviors with higher accuracy compared to other variables. Particularly, voluntary prosocial behaviors were observed after smiling. The findings of this exploratory study imply that smiles might be a signal of prosocial behaviors. We also suggest a probabilistic model for predicting prosocial behaviors based on smile analysis, which could be applied to personalized robot-assisted therapy by controlling a robot's movements to arouse smiles and increase the probability that a child with autism spectrum disorder will engage in prosocial behaviors.

Incorporating Volunteering Into Treatment for Depression Among Adolescents: Developmental and Clinical Considerations.

Volunteering, or taking part in unpaid work for the benefit of others, can be a powerful positive experience with returns to both individual well-being and community projects. Volunteering is positively associated with mental health in observational studies with community samples but has not been systematically examined as a potential part of treatment interventions with clinical adolescent samples. In this manuscript, we review the empirical evidence base connecting volunteerism to mental health and well-being, outline potential mechanisms based in the theoretical literature from developmental science, and discuss the existing clinical approaches that support community volunteering as a part of treatment. Drawing on this review, we propose that including volunteering as a component of clinical treatment approaches for adolescent depression can be a powerful intervention for adolescents.

A Qualitative Analysis of Motivators to Participation in Suicide-Focused Research from a Community-Based Australian Sample.

Suicide prevention strategies internationally appear to be falling short of making a meaningful impact on global suicide deaths. Increasing the rates of general community participation in suicide research may improve knowledge generalisability as it relates to suicidal behaviour and leads to new suicide prevention approaches. This study aims to explore the motivations of a community-based sample to participate in suicide research. A subsample of the Australian general population took part in an online survey which is part of a multilevel suicide prevention trial. The survey concluded with an optional open-text question asking about peoples’ motivations for participating in the study; 532 participants left a response to this question. These responses were qualitatively analysed using Thematic Network Analysis. Motivations to participate in suicide research were represented by four global themes: altruism, solve systemic problems, lived experience, and personal benefit. Of these themes, three were focused on the benefit of others, while only the final theme articulated motivation to participate that was self-focused. The impact of suicide is felt throughout the wider community. This new understanding of the motivations of community-based samples to participate in suicide research should be used to increase participation rates and reach people who would not normally contribute their voice to suicide research.

Pregnancy Clauses

Pregnancy Clauses

Money as a medium of exchange and its evolution: An elaboration on mengerian monetary economics

Peláez Gramajo (2008) compares the analysis found in Iwai (1988) to that of Menger (1892b). While rectifying some of the issues surrounding Iwai’s method, there are several additional areas that require brief comment. Iwai bases his analysis strongly on Menger’s original work on the evolution of money, an approach which has led to theoretical problems in his more recent work. A clarification of some of these issues will be of interest to economists working within Menger’s evolutionary framework, as well as followers of the bootstrap method to monetary emergence.
 A look will be given to Iwai’s assertion that, contra Menger, money is not a natural evolution but one which requires «a large symmetry-breaking disturbance to create it “in the beginning”» (Iwai 1988, 4). Peláez Gramajo (2008, 70) correctly notes that Iwai’s approach need not rely on this initial assumption. However, we will see that the explanation for this rests in a much simpler place than provided. The heterogeneity of agents assures that not everyone needs to initially adopt the medium of exchange, only a sufficient amount to make the benefits of others doing so outweigh their search costs.
 Second, a look at Menger’s thoughts on money will be assessed. Much attention is provided to only one of the three articles that form the core of Menger’s theorizing on monetary evolution. A general neglect for money as a store of value has led to several erroneous conclusions, which continue to manifest themselves to this day. By giving due attention to the store of value role of money, we will see that Menger’s origin of money was incomplete at its own origin, and cannot be taken as the sole basis of future developments in this line of thought.

Complementary and alternative medicine in sarcoma patients treated in an Italian sarcoma center.

Bone and soft-tissue sarcoma are rare tumors. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is often used in cancer patients however limited data are available in sarcoma patients. The aim of the present study is to explore the use of CAM in patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcoma. Patients in follow-up visit for high grade bone or soft-tissue sarcoma at the Rizzoli outpatient clinic from September 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015, were asked, after written consent, to fill out a questionnaire with items pertaining to sociodemographic factors and their use of CAM before, during, or after chemotherapy. Four hundred and sixty-nine participated to the survey: 409 were adults and 60 were <18 years old. The percentage of use of CAM in adults was 44.7% and in minors 38.3%. The most common type of CAM was vitamins and minerals, followed by phytotherapy and homeopathy. The majority of patients used CAM after the sarcoma diagnosis. None used CAM alone instead of conventional chemotherapy. Benefits from use of CAM were reported by 75% of patients (some benefit in 53% plus high benefit in others 22%) and side effects in 6.7%. A significant correlation was found with CAM use and female gender, young age (18-44) and higher education. Disclosure to the oncologist was 56% and 69% to their family doctors. This study shows that CAM use is frequent among adults and pediatric patients with bone and soft tissue sarcoma as in other cancer patients. Moreover, the profile of these Italian CAM consumers in sarcoma patients is similar to other studies. Patients disclosure to their oncologist or physician about the use of CAM was similar to other Italian studies, but higher compared to other international studies.

The Case of Jihadology and the Securitization of Academia

ABSTRACT This paper goes to the heart of this special issue by exploring the case of the web site, Jihadology, which the author founded and has managed for the past ten-plus years. It explores various issues including why such a site is necessary and/or useful, questions about dissemination and open access, lessons learned about responsibility and interaction with jihadis online, the evolution of the website that has the largest repository of jihadi content, interactions with governments and technology companies and how they viewed and dealt with the website. The paper also explores how the experience gained might help other researchers interested in creating primary source-first websites to assist in their research as well as to the benefit of others in the field. Therefore, this paper aims to shed light not only on this unique case, but also on the moral and ethical questions that have arisen through maintaining the Jihadology website for more than a decade in a time of changing online environments and more recent calls for censorship.

Strategi Pendidikan Nilai Sebagai Pembentuk Kepribadian Siswa Di Sekolah

Value education is a conscious and planned effort to help students recognize the values that must be used as a guide in behaving and behaving in everyday life. The purpose of this research was to determine the value education strategy as forming the personality of students in schools, especially at the elementary school level. SDN Nagreg 04 is one of the elementary schools that instill value education as a way of shaping the personality of students so that they become personal benefits for others. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods and uses data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Based on research results show that the value education strategy as forming the personality of students in schools can be started from the curriculum and tools such as syllabus and lesson plans, plan various programs that can support the process of value education to students, integrated with teaching and learning activities, and through collaboration between schools, parents, and society.