Benefit Index Research Articles

Multi-objective optimization of winter irrigation for cotton fields in salinized freeze-thaw areas

The adaptive management of saline-alkali land and water resources can effectively alleviate land degradation and water depletion, and appropriate irrigation can improve crop yield and production efficiency. Based on the soil changes and comprehensive crop benefits under different initial soil environments, the optimization of the irrigation amount of cotton in saline-alkali areas is of great significance for the improvement of agricultural production of these areas in developing countries and even worldwide. The responses of farmland with various degree of salinization to different winter irrigation amounts in seasonal freeze-thaw arid areas should therefore be further explored. In this study, the soil moisture-temperature-salinity changes and the crop growth responses of three cotton fields with different salinization levels (5.15, 8.17, and 11.15 g·kg-1) under four winter irrigation amounts (0, 3000, 3600, and 4200 m3·ha-1) were intensively investigated via a two-year field experiment in Xinjiang Province, China. The results demonstrate that winter irrigation significantly improved the soil moisture-temperature-salinity environment during the freeze-thaw period, and the influence was affected by the field salinization level. The initial salinity of salinized field promoted soil thawing and water storage, and inhibited soil freezing and salt leaching. The intraspecific relationship of salinized cotton fields changed from competition to promotion under winter irrigation, and soil salinity weakened the optimization of the intraspecific relationship. The multiple correlations between the benefit indexes of cotton were significantly strengthened under winter irrigation, and the negative effect of the soil salinization level on the cotton benefit indexes was stronger than that of the winter irrigation amount. Based on a multiple regression analysis, the optimal winter irrigation amounts for cotton fields with mild, moderate, and severe salinization were found to be 3416.83–4256.14, 4256.14–6502.96, and 6502.96–9614.24 m3·ha-1, respectively. This research provides a theoretical basis for determining the appropriate winter irrigation amount for cotton fields with various degrees of salinization in seasonal freeze-thaw arid regions.

KERAGAMAN TANAMAN DAN SUMBANGAN PENERIMAAN TUMPANGSARI KOPI DAN LADA DI KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS PROVINSI LAMPUNG

In Tanggamus, pepper trees are commonly intercropped in coffee plantations with coffee-pepper intercropping type (dominant coffee), coffee pepper type (dominant pepper), and agroforestry type. The intercropping system plays a role in improving agro-ecosystems, increasing farm productivity and income. This study aimed to study crops diversity, productivity and income of coffee-pepper intercropping farming. This study used a survey method. The survey locations were determined purposively in two sub-districts which were centers of coffee cultivation in Tanggamus, namely Ulu Belu and Air Naningan District. In the Ulu Belu District, the villages of Sinar Banten, Sinar Galih, Petai Kayu were selected purposively, and in the Air Naningan District were Datar Lebuay Village and Air Kubang Village. Primary data was collected by visiting plantations and interviewing farmers. Sample farmers were determined randomly with a total of 137 samples. The diversity of intercrops was analyzed by calculating the Benefit Index Value and Importance Value Index. The results showed that coffee plantations were generally intercropped (79-86%) with coffee and pepper. Based on the Importance Value Index, in Ulu Belu the most important intercrops were pepper, banana, avocado and cayenne pepper, while in Air Naningan they were pepper, jengkol, cayenne pepper and durian. The income of intercropping coffee farmers could reach IDR 24 million/hectare/year. This income was obtained from both the coffee-pepper intercropping or the coffee-non-pepper intercropping. The productivity of intercropping coffee ranged from 528-1,097 kg/hectare. The productivity of pepper intercrops ranged from 0.45-0.54 kg per tree and contributed 11-29% of coffee income.

Should we uprate social benefits for inflation as a matter of Article 1 Protocol 1?

Would a Convention State breach any property rights if it does not adjust its social security benefits for inflation? This article discusses under which circumstances Article 1 Protocol 1 (A1P1) of the European Convention on Human Rights may require Convention States to uprate the real value of social benefit entitlements as a consequence of inflation. The methodology followed was both doctrinal and analytical legal research based on the European Court of Human Rights’ (ECtHR) case law. The text firstly considers why A1P1 may be engaged. The argument holds that lack of indexation of social benefits has a similar effect to their legislative reduction when it comes to the peaceful enjoyment of social security benefits. Afterwards it explores what follows for Convention States. Considering the literature on ‘positive’ obligations and A1P1, the article constructs a plausible case under which A1P1 would require Convention States to uprate (at least partially) a segment of social benefit entitlements.

Evaluating the effects of demand response programs on distribution cables life expectancy

• Evaluating the effects of DRPs on the LOL rate reduction of distribution cables. • Evaluating the effects of DRPs’ tariffs on the LOL rate of distribution cables. • Proposing a new economic benefit index. • Prioritizing various models of DRPs based on AHP method. • Maximizing utility's and customer's total benefits by determining the optimal model. Recently due to economic issues, asset management has taken more attention all over the world. Distribution cables are one of the most expensive assets of the networks. The life of a cable extremely depends on the power flowing through the cable. On the other hand, demand response programs are known as the one of the effective solutions for managing networks’ power consumption. They can affect the power flowing through the distribution cables. However, the impacts that the demand response programs might have on the life expectancy of the distribution cables are generally neglected in previous research studies. So, this paper proposes a new approach to evaluating the effects of demand response programs on the life expectancy of distribution cables. Simulations have been carried out on a realistic distribution network, and the results are investigated considering various models of the demand response program and different levels of their tariffs. The results show a significant economic benefit due to distribution cables’ life extension resulted from demand response programs implementation, despite differences among various models. However, the benefit's scale dramatically depends on the model of the demand response program and the level of tariffs. Also, in order to select the optimal demand response model, economic analysis is conducted from both utility's and customer's perspectives. For this purpose, a new economic benefit index is proposed, and the best solution is determined by the distribution system's regulator based on an Analytical Hierarchy Process so as to it can satisfy all the stakeholders of demand response programs.

The positive effect of green agriculture development on environmental optimization: Measurement and impact mechanism

According to the study of the environmental impact of green agricultural development, this paper selects 12 basic indicators from the three dimensions of “ecological agriculture, green production, and output benefits” for the construction of China’s green agricultural development index. There are eight basic indicators used in the construction of the environmental index system, including the area of nature reserves and the level of environmental protection expenditures. It is based on the panel data of 13 provinces in China from 2011 to 2019. For the calculation and analysis of the green agricultural development index and the environmental index, the entropy weight method is used. The calculation results show that there are significant differences in the development level of green agriculture and environmental development among these 13 major provinces; the green agriculture level and environmental development level of Jiangsu Province and Sichuan Province are in the leading position; further using dynamic panel regression, the results show that the development of green agriculture has a significant role in promoting the improvement of the environment, and in the early stage of green agriculture development, the effect of improving the environment is more obvious; the index of green agriculture development can be further divided into ecological agriculture index, green production index and output benefit index. As a result, the improvement of ecological agriculture, green production, and output benefits can contribute to the optimization of the ecological environment. As well, the development of green agriculture has some intermediary effects on the optimization of the environment. It is the intermediary effect of promoting environmental optimization through guiding residents’ green consumption that has the greatest effect, while the intermediary effect of promoting industrial structure upgrading and enterprise technology innovation has a relatively small effect. The empirical results presented in this paper suggest that a variety of measures can be taken to improve the environment, including improving green agriculture development in various regions, increasing government expenditures, and promoting the transformation of economic structures in order to improve the environment.

Evaluation of Urban Spatial Structure from the Perspective of Socioeconomic Benefits Based on 3D Urban Landscape Measurements: A Case Study of Beijing, China

Urban spatial structures (USS) play an essential role in urbanization. Understanding the impact of USS patterns on their socioeconomic benefits is crucial to evaluating urban structure quality. Previous studies have, primarily, relied on statistical data and have significant temporal consistency and spatial accuracy limitations. Moreover, previous evaluation methods mainly determined the weight of indicators based on subjective assessments, such as the Delphi method, without integrating the actual socioeconomic benefits of complex urban systems. By measuring the two-dimensional (2D) urban functional landscape patterns and three-dimensional (3D) building forms of the city and considering the level of urban socioeconomic vitality as revealed by nighttime light intensity (NTLI), this study explores the influence of urban spatial structure on socioeconomic vitality. It provides a new perspective for evaluating the USS level. Furthermore, a comprehensive index, namely the Spatial Structure Socioeconomic Benefit Index (SSSBI), was constructed to quantify the socioeconomic benefits of USS. The results showed that (1) the impact of spatial structure on NTLI differs significantly with the distribution of urban functional landscape patterns and building forms. (2) The combined effect of any two spatial structure factors on NTLI was higher than the effect of each factor separately, indicating that multiple dimensions can improve urban spatial construction. (3) This study quantitatively extracts the characteristics of USS from multiple scales, which helps to find the optimal evaluation scale and build a scientific and objective evaluation model. The results showed that the USS assessment based on the SSSBI index is practical. This study could provide a reference for the government’s urban planning and land-use decisions.

An Internet of Things-Based Empirical Study on the Coordination between Rural Economic Development and Ecological Environment Conflict for Luoyang

At present, key elements of the Internet of Things (IoT) are becoming increasingly affordable, making the technology incredibly attractive to many countries, particularly China. Collecting data from multiple IoT resources and combining them with data from other sources lead to significant rural economic development, ecological environment, and ecological and environmental ramifications in these nations. The most visible effects of the IoT in these nations include advances in rural economic growth, environmental conflict, and the efficiency of critical sectors. Furthermore, the IoT has the potential to revolutionize the industrial and commercial sectors, notably in terms of data confidentiality and information security. It is required to conduct an empirical study on the coordinated interaction between rural economic growth and ecological environmental conflict in Luoyang using an IoT environment. Because the IoT plays a key role in economic growth and the ecological environment, this study examines the coordination of rural economic development and ecological environment conflict in Luoyang’s IoT environment. To analyze the original data for the establishment of index weight, it first employs the enhanced entropy approach by building the coordinated assessment index scheme of rural financial development and environmental surroundings conflict in the IoT environment of Luoyang. Second, it calculates the benefits of rural financial growth and the environmental surroundings benefit index of Luoyang. Then, it carried out the Pearson correlation analysis of the abovementioned calculation results using SPSS software that uses the layered architecture of the IoT, and the degree of conflict and coordination among rural financial growth and the ecological environment in Luoyang is judged by referring to relevant standards from 2010 to 2019. The experimental result of this study indicates that the conflict coordination state between rural financial growth and the ecological environment in Luoyang has gradually enhanced. Through this study, local decision makers can give additional consideration to the balance between economic development and the coordination of ecological environmental conflicts, especially those indicators that have a great influence on the coordinated development of the two.

What distinguishes radical right welfare chauvinism? Excluding different migrant groups from the welfare state

Literature posits that mainstream right-wing parties have adopted restrictive positions on immigrants’ entitlements to social rights to avoid losing votes to populist radical right-wing parties (PRRPs). Although studies recognize that this co-option is only partial, we know little about the remaining differences between PRRPs’ and mainstream right-wing parties’ welfare chauvinism strategies. This article fills this knowledge gap by comparing how mainstream and populist right-wing governments approach different migrant groups’ entitlements to social rights. The article combines an event history analysis of the Determinants of International Migration Policy database with a qualitative examination of the indexation of family benefits in selected European Countries to compare PRRPs’ and mainstream parties’ impact on the social rights of different migrant groups. The results reveal that the main difference between PRRPs and mainstream right-wing parties in Western Europe is the formers’ support for restrictions on intra-EU migrants’ entitlements to social benefits. This finding has important implications for the study of the European social policy agenda, as PRRPs’ increasing politicization of intra-EU migrants’ access to social rights may compromise the future of intra-European solidarity.

Evaluating the Impacts of Rice Technological Innovation on the Social Economy

Grain production is important role in ensuring food security. In order to support the local government’s promotion of technological innovation on the rice plantations, the paper aims to evaluate chemical fertilizer reduction and productivity improvement technology modes in a rice paddy in Huai’an Jiangsu from the perspective of its evaluating the social economic effects. Firstly, a brief introduction of the rice plantation requirements including fertilizer and soil requirements, are introduced. Secondly, briefly introduce the most important factors impact rice technological modes including (Economic benefit, Social benefit, Technical characteristics, and management) are briefly discussed. Thirdly, details of multi-correlation of social economic model based on gray correlation analysis for the promotion of organic fertilizer to replace part of the chemical fertilizer technology, followed by the special fertilizer mode, and the other three technology modes. Results show that among the final weights obtained through the gray correlation weighting method, the economic benefit index was 27.15%, followed by the social benefit index with 21.45%, the technical feature index has the highest weight of 34.24%, and the management index with the lowest weight was 17.16%. The evaluation scores of the five technical modes, the ranking of their comprehensive evaluation score from high to low is mode 2 (0.305925) > mode 1 (0.240125) > mode 4 (0.179925) > mode 5 (0.1447) > mode 3 (0.129825). The application of mode 2, that is, the organic substitution of partial fertilizer technology, ranks the first among the five technical modes in the comprehensive evaluation; therefore, it is worthy of prioritization.

Species as conservation umbrellas: A case study with lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) in the southern Great Plains of North America

Conservation efforts often focus on a single species, but this approach is inefficient for agencies dealing with many declining species at risk of extinction. Leveraging already-funded management for additional species can help stretch limited resources to conserve more biodiversity. However, evaluation of the efficacy of such an umbrella approach is typically lacking, does not explicitly consider outcomes of management treatments, or only evaluates one or a few species. We developed a method to evaluate the ability of management for the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) to offer an umbrella of protection for non-target species at risk of decline. To accomplish this, we predicted the conservation outcomes of lesser prairie-chicken management for overlapping at-risk species and created an index of conservation benefit to evaluate the effectiveness of the lesser prairie-chicken as an umbrella species for conservation. We conducted a literature review for 77 at-risk species that overlap in range with the lesser prairie-chicken to determine the effects (benefit, cost, or neutral) of the primary conservation actions taken to manage lesser prairie-chicken habitat. We determined that 84 % of the species were expected to receive a net conservation benefit from management for lesser prairie-chicken, 8 % would incur a net cost, and 8 % would have a net balance of costs and benefits. These results suggest that the lesser prairie-chicken functions as an umbrella of protection for other grassland species, providing a net conservation benefit. Our index-based approach serves as a model for evaluating the efficacy of proposed surrogate species on a community of organisms.

DISCUSSÃO SOBRE A APLICAÇÃO DA TECNOLOGIA DE MINERAÇÃO DE DADOS NA GESTÃO DO DESEMPENHO ESPORTIVO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Finding the factors that contribute to success in student performance or failure is necessary for every teacher. Data mining, which is already used in companies for management processes, can be essential in this research. Objective: Discuss the data mining algorithms application in sports performance management. Method: A database was developed considering seasonal factors, health benefit index, and sports behavior characteristics. The data were entered under fuzzy logic, processed, and analyzed in IBM SPSS Modeler Software. Decision-making efficiency was improved with the target base interpolation analysis and the C spatial noise reduction methods. The fidelity of sports behavior was consolidated under Gauss time series analysis. Results: The relationship between the mining algorithm to find the existing problems and the association results in the mining rules provided valuable information for improving health guidelines to the physical activity students. Conclusion: The original data from the educational system can be transformed into useful information through the association rules algorithm, and the relationship between the performance can be obtained, providing the improvement in the decision making for the benefit of the physical level of the students. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.

A Comprehensive Utilization Efficiency Evaluation of Iron Tailings based on the Differential — Benefit Evaluation

At present, in the evaluation of iron tailings resources, the single evaluation of a certain aspect is limited to the qualitative evaluation, and there is no uniform standard in either theory or method. In this paper, based on the grey group analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics as the analysis tool, the benefit of the iron tailings resources is analyzed, From resource benefit, economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit several aspects to build the differential - efficiency index system and established the differential-benefit evaluation model and the influence of iron tailings resource evaluation of the weight of each index distribution, is obtained by correlation analysis and the likelihood of benefit index influencing the size of the order, to a certain extent, verified the rationality of the index weight, provides a theoretical guidance for iron tailings resource utilization.

Psychological (co)morbidity in patients with psoriasis: the impact of pruritus and anogenital involvement on symptoms of depression and anxiety and on body dysmorphic concerns – a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesWhile stress plays a paramount role on the onset/exacerbation of psoriasis, via overactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cutaneous inflammatory response induces, in turn, anxiety/depression...

Analisis Index Maslahat Peran UMKM Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat:


 This study aims to determine the role of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in improving the welfare of the community from the perspective of Islamic economics. The background is that many people in Nanggerang Village whose economy is still in a lower middle class condition are in difficulty in meeting family welfare. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative. The selection of informants was carried out using the Purpose Sampling technique. The types of data are primary data and secondary data collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The validity of the data was tested through the source triangulation technique. Then the data analysis techniques used in this study are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data verification (drawing conclusions). The results showed that the Cipuy Chips UMKM in Nanggerang Village had a role in improving the welfare of the community from a sharia economic perspective measured by the benefit index using the maslahah dharuriyah approach which contained five aspects, namely, maintaining religion, soul, mind, lineage and property, so from these five aspects concluded that the highest benefit of the Cipuy Chips UMKM in Nanggerang Village is religious maslahah with an average value of 4.9, and the lowest maslahah value is common sense with an average value of 1.7. From the descriptive qualitative analysis, it can be concluded that the perception between the employees and the surrounding community has differences regarding the benefit of the Cipuy Chips UMKM in Nanggerang Village which is influenced by age, gender, and education factors.
 Keywords: MSMEs, Community Welfare, Sharia Economic Perspective.

Evaluation of Economic Benefits and Ecological Environment Impact of Export Trade in Anhui Free Trade Zone

Nowadays, the scale of international trade is expanding at a great pace, leading to the development of the economy of different countries. Global industrialization and urbanization are developing with each passing day, and this fast economic expansion is putting a tremendous impact on the environment. Like the other countries, the scale of Chinese export trade is also increasing with time, resulting in the stable economy of our country. With the improvement of living standards, people are continuously demanding high environmental facilities. Further, the impact of trade (enterprises, companies, industries, etc.) on the ecological environment has become a worldwide problem because economic progress brought forth by trade expansion may directly affect the environment by causing pollution to rise or the degradation of natural resources. This indeed is a serious issue; therefore, various countries have started focusing on the impact of export trade on the ecological environment. In recent years, the issue of economic benefits and the environmental impact of export trade has become a hot topic of research. Therefore, this study focuses on the relationship between trade, economy, and environmental quality in China. For the accomplishment of our research study, we selected Anhui free trade zone (FTZ) as an example to analyze the interaction between the economic benefits of Anhui export trade and the local environment. It is among the top trading provinces in China having a faster economic development. In order to accurately study the economic benefits and environmental impact of export trade in the Anhui FTZ, this paper selects industrial waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste to establish an export trade environmental impact indicating system. After comparative analysis, three factors that include industrial soot (dust) emissions for export trade, chemical oxygen demand for trade, and general industrial solid waste dumping and discards are selected to evaluate the impact on the environment of the free trade zone. Based on this, the export trade environment vector autoregressive (VAR) model is established, and the variance decomposition method is used to analyze the dynamic impact of various factors on the environmental impact index. Further, we established an economic benefit VAR model based on the export economic benefit index (EI), export value (EV), and export product concentration (EPC) index and judged the economic benefit of the Anhui free trade zone based on the contribution rate of the obtained three factors. The experimental results show that the export volume and product concentration directly affect the economic benefits of the region, and at the same time, the expansion of export trade promotes the growth of economic benefits.

Integrated environment-smart agricultural practices: A strategy towards climate-resilient agriculture

This article proposes an integrated farming approach, namely environment-smart agriculture (ESA) that determines the climate-resilience potential of a farm. A composite index is formulated including various environment-smart agricultural practices (IEP) that focus on the five most affected target areas of farm environment and climate. The IEP is then validated by analysing the on-farm environmental impact and farmers’ behaviours in the underlying theory of planned behaviour (TPB) framework. The TPB components, attitude and subjective norm are defined by the index of benefits from the ESA, and the index of experienced climate change conditions respectively, while perceived control corresponds to the index of constraints in adopting ESA and farm-specific agro-economic and socio-economic attributes. The empirical testing employed a structural equations model (SEM) to estimate the proposed IEP on a sample of 103 farms in two north-western districts of Bangladesh. Results demonstrate that the adoption of integrated ESA practices mitigates post-harvest environmental problems and helps cope with existing climate change conditions. Therefore, farm-level investment in ESA practices, i.e., the use of corrective, preventive, and local standard measures in an integrated way will contribute to the climate-resilience potential of a farm.

Environmental Assessment Issues for Combating Wind and Sandy Weather in Ecological Zones

For The environmental conditions of Saihanba before and after restoration were analyzed（Problem.1）, this article first analyzes several indicators (table 1) that reflect the environmental conditions of Saihanba, and from the nine three-level indicators collected from the data, first, use the spss software to export the scatter plot (figure 1), and preliminarily analyze whether there is a linear relationship in the indicators, use the Pearson correlation coefficient method to calculate the correlation coefficient between multiple variables (figure 2), and selects 4 indicators with larger correlation coefficients (table 2) and plot the change trends of the four indicators of Saihanba(figure 3), then adopts TOPSIS and entropy weight method calculates comprehensive environmental indicators and normalizes the indicators. The results show (figure 4) that with the advancement of the Saihanba project, the environmental quality index of Saihanba has increased by about 10% to 20% each year, showing an upward trend. To quantitatively evaluate the effect of Saihanba on the wind-sand resistance of Beijing(Problem.2), this article adopts a similar method to question 1. Through the Pearson correlation coefficient and entropy weight method, we get the weight of the benefit and cost index(table 4). Through the RSR comprehensive evaluation analysis method to calculate the sand resistance capacity of Beijing from 2004 to 2017 (table 5), and perform the regression model. The regression coefficients are a=1.603 and b=-0.2073, which shows that from 2004 to 2017, the Saihanba project has improved Beijing’s ability to resist sand and dust year by year. To establish a mathematical model to determine the appropriate location of China's ecological zone(Problem.3), in order to select similar forest farms, we divided the country into three levels according to the degree of disaster(table 6), by comparing the correlation coefficients (table 7) under the same disaster. Three potential cities were selected. The KMO test and Bartlett were carried out. The results show there is a correlation between the variables. The principal component analysis is valid, the degree is suitable. After that, we normalized the indicators and performed the principal component analysis to get the weights. Xingtai’s and Beijing’s scores are the closest. So we choose Xingtai. Repeat the above steps. List the score table(table 13) for each location in Xingtai. Finally, we determined the Hebei Ningjin Economic Development Zone as a forest farm area. By developing mathematical models, we assess the impact of the ecoregions on GHG uptake and carbon emission reduction(Problem.4), based on the comprehensive consideration of the environment in the Asia-Pacific region, Australia was selected as the analysis object. Based on the statistics of Australia’s comprehensive data, we adopted a descriptive analysis: through the analysis of the indicators, the overall descriptive analysis of the statistical indicators; use Matlab visualizes the data and explains the problem in a more graphical way.

Spatial structure characteristics of plain ecological plantation in Tongzhou District, Beijing, China

Forest spatial structure (FSS) directly reflects resource competition and growth space distribution among different trees. The characteristics of FSS play an important role in mastering the growth status of ecological forest, formulating stand structure regulation measures, and improving forest quality and ecological services. In this study, seven plain ecological plantations including Pinus tabuliformis, Fraxinus chinensis, Salix matsudana, Populus tomentosa, Sophora japonica, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Salix babylonica in Tongzhou District, Beijing were selected as the research objects. The spatial structure characteristics of plain ecological plantations were evaluated by aggregation degree, angle index, neighborhood comparison, open degree, canopy index, competition index, edge benefit, and spatial structure comprehensive index. The horizontal distribution pattern of stand was well, with the aggregation degree of 0.32-1.41, the angle index of 0.4, and the neighborhood comparison mainly around 0.5. The vertical distribution pattern of stand was not well and needed to be improved, with the open degree of 0.19-0.52, most canopy indexes of about 0.7. The competition index presented a high competitive status with the all values of >50. Except the comprehensive evaluation index of R. pseudoacacia plantation presented in grade Ⅲ, the other six kinds of plain ecological plantations fell to grade Ⅱ, with low stand openness and low vitality. The comprehensive evaluation indices of FSS followed the order of R. pseudoacacia > S. babylonica > P. tabuliformis > S. matsudana > F. chinensis > S. japonica > P. tomentosa.

Research on the Jobs-Housing Balance of Residents in Peri-Urbanization Areas in China: A Case Study of Zoucheng County

In the process of urbanization, peri-urbanization is a unique phenomenon in China. For residents living in peri-urbanization areas, realizing the balance between workplace and living space is not only a crucial guarantee for them to secure livelihood but also an important criterion to measure the quality of China’s urbanization. Based on the questionnaire data distributed by the research group in Zoucheng County, China, in 2021, this study measures the degree of jobs-housing balance in county area by constructing the benefit index of jobs-housing balance and explores factors affecting the jobs-housing balance in county area by using logistic regression, random forest classification, and regression tree. Results: Firstly, with 57% of the residents have achieved the standard, the level of jobs-housing balance in Zoucheng County is relatively high. Secondly, individual, household and built environment dimensions jointly affect jobs-housing balance of residents. Furthermore, at the current stage of China’s county areas, household is not the core dimension influencing jobs-housing balance. Thirdly, factors that passed the significance test can be divided into three categories: key factors, important factors, and auxiliary factors. Occupation type, commuting way and residential location are the key factors affecting the jobs-housing balance, which deserve our attention. Therefore, according to the above conclusions, relevant suggestions for promoting jobs-housing balance of residents in county area were put forward. For instance, considering the diverse occupation of local residents, employments that match their skills should be offered, and as for peri-urbanization areas, the regulatory of jobs-housing balance should be placed in urban and rural areas.

Nature-based solution of greenery configuration design by comprehensive benefit evaluation of microclimate environment and carbon sequestration

Rapid urbanization has increased the vulnerability of urban to climate change, with consequent damage to urban ecosystems (e.g., massive carbon emissions, serious environmental problem of heat wave, etc.). Nature-based solution (NBS) can regulate urban ecosystems effectively, such as increasing green infrastructure. Considering limited urban land resources, it is urgent to configure green infrastructure to maximize benefits. However, there is a lack of quantitative design of greenery configurations combined with benefit evaluation. In this work, taking a community with building complexes as an example, the effect of greenery configurations (considering various patterns and areas of greenery) on comprehensive benefits of microclimate environment and carbon sequestration was investigated. Numerical simulation was verified by experimental data. The evaluation index of comprehensive benefits (Bec) was constructed by the weight method of CRITIC, incorporating environmental benefits and carbon sequestration simultaneously. The results showed that street trees (ST) had better cooling effect with a maximum temperature reduction of 2 °C compared to green roofs (GR) and shelterbelts (SH). It is recommended that at least 3 rows of ST should be planted in the targeted community. The proper combination of ST + SH could increase the value of Bec by at least 30% compared to ST. The value of Bec for the pattern of GR + ST + SH was 17% lower than that for ST + SH. This work can provide the design guidance of greenery configuration for community, aiming at sustainable and low-carbon urban development.