Bend Formation Research Articles

Design of different oxygen content and high performance bilayer In2O3 thin-film transistors at room temperature for flexible electronics

In this study, homojunction bilayer In2O3thin film transistors (TFTs) were prepared by RF-magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Herein, an active channel of bilayer In2O3TFTs are consist of the front channel with lower (poor) oxygen content and the back channel with higher (rich) oxygen content. Therefore, optimizedbilayer In2O3TFT was fabricatedandaμFE of 32.5 cm2/Vs and a small SS of 280 mV/decade, a small VTH of 0.3 Vwere achieved. In addition, small VTH shifts of 0.7 (−1.0) and 0.4 (−1.2) V under gate bias and light illumination stress tests were obtained. Through XPS band structure analysis indicated that the formation of band bending between the channel layers leads to electron injection from the back channel into the front channel, resulting in accumulation of forming carriers near the interface of the bilayer, resulting in increase the μFE of In2O3TFTs. Furthermore, XPS and LFN measurement demonstrate that control the oxygen content can reduced the oxygen-related defects and bulk/interface trap density while controlling the Ne and carrier transport in the bilayer In2O3 film,which enhance the stability of In2O3TFTs. Overall, the high-performance bilayer In2O3TFTshave opena new method to obtaine the flexible electronic devices.

Influence of Capsular Tension Rings on the IOL-Capsule Complex in Patients With Long Axial Length: A Clinical Observation Based on SS-OCT.

To evaluate the influence of a capsular tension ring (CTR) on the intraocular lens (IOL)-capsule complex after cataract surgery in patients with long axial length. This was a prospective study. Patients underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, with or without CTR implantation. Swept-source optical coherence tomography was performed at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively to determine the postoperative aqueous depth (PAD), capsular bend index (CBI), and IOL tilt and decentration. Spherical equivalent values were obtained through subjective refraction and autorefraction. Root mean square was adopted to evaluate the indices listed above. Forty-three patients (56 eyes) were included in the study. Generalized estimating equation analysis of PAD showed a statistical difference between groups (P = .031). The RMS of the change in PAD was smaller in the CTR group than in the non-CTR group during the 3 months after surgery (P = .015). CBI in the CTR group increased more from 1 to 3 months after surgery than that in the non-CTR group (P = .025). The RMS of the change in vertical decentration was smaller in the CTR group than in the non-CTR group during the 3-month follow-up (P = .009). CTR implantation can stabilize the axial position of the IOL within the capsular bag after cataract surgery in patients with long axial length without affecting the refractive stability. The formation of capsular bend may be slightly delayed in the early stage after CTR implantation, but it accelerates from 1 to 3 months after surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(9):e654-e661.].

Analysis of Bending Deformation and Stress of 6063-T5 Aluminum Alloy Multi-Cavity Tube Filled with Liquid.

The production of aluminum alloy multi-lumen tubes primarily involves hot bending formation, a process where controlling thermal deformation quality is difficult. Specifically, the inner cavity wall of the tube is prone to bending instability defects under the bending stress field. To address these challenges in the bending deformation of aluminum alloy multi-lumen tubes, a multi-lumen liquid-filled bypass forming method is proposed in this paper. This study focuses on the 6063-T5 aluminum alloy double-lumen tube as the research object. The liquid-filled bending deformation behavior of the aluminum alloy double-lumen tube was investigated, and the deformation theory of the aluminum alloy double-lumen tube was studied. Through experimental and numerical simulation methods, the influence of support internal pressure, bending radius, and tube wall thickness on the liquid-filled bending deformation behavior of the double-lumen tube was examined. The results indicate that when the value of internal pressure was 7.5 MPa, the straightening of the outer wall was improved by 2.51%, the thinning rate of wall thickness was minimized, and the internal concave defect was effectively suppressed. The liquid-filled bending method provides a promising new approach for the integrated bending and forming of multi-lumen tubes.

Rutile and zircon U-Pb dating as a constraint on sedimentary provenance of the Jianchuan Basin: Implications for paleo-drainage evolution

The Yangtze River is the largest river in Asia, and its evolution has been a subject of debate for more than a century. The formation of the First Bend is widely recognized as a key drainage reorganization event that led to the birth of the modern Yangtze River. In this study, we use new detrital rutile UPb ages to constrain the sedimentary provenance of the Cenozoic deposits in the Jianchuan Basin. Our results show that detrital rutile UPb ages of the Eocene sandstones from the Jianchuan Basin are similar to those of the Yalong River and Jinsha River, indicating that the upper Yangtze is likely to have flowed through the Jianchuan Basin in the late Eocene. Moreover, the characteristic zircon age signature of the Yalong and Jinsha Rivers also appear in the Jianchuan Basin, which is consistent with the rutile data. Our new rutile data and previous detrital zircon data suggest that the upper Yangtze River is likely to connect the Red River via the Jianchuan Basin since the late Eocene.

Intranasal delivery of small extracellular vesicles from specific subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells mitigates traumatic spinal cord injury

Vascular injury following spinal cord injury (SCI) can significantly exacerbate secondary SCI and result in neurological dysfunction. Strategies targeting angiogenesis have demonstrated potential in enhancing functional recovery post-SCI. In the context of angiogenesis, the CD146+ and CD271+ subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized for their angiogenic capabilities in tissue repair. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from MSCs are nanoscale vesicles containing rich bioactive components that play a crucial role in tissue regeneration. However, the precise role of sEVs derived from CD146+CD271+ UCMSCs (CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-sEVs) in SCI remain unclear. In this study, CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-sEVs were non-invasively administered via intranasal delivery, demonstrating a significant capacity to stimulate angiogenesis and improve functional recovery in mice following SCI. Furthermore, in vitro assessments revealed the effective enhancement of migration and tube formation capabilities of the murine brain microvascular endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) by CD146+CD271+UCMSC-sEVs. MicroRNA array analysis confirmed significant enrichment of multiple microRNAs within CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-sEVs. Subsequent in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-sEVs promote enhanced angiogenesis and improved functional recovery mediated by miR-27a-3p. Further mechanistic studies revealed that miR-27a-3p sourced from CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-sEVs enhances migration and tube formation of bEnd.3 cells in vitro by suppressing the expression of Delta Like Canonical Notch Ligand 4 (DLL4), thereby promoting angiogenesis in vivo. Collectively, our results demonstrate that a crucial role of CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-sEVs in inhibiting DLL4 through the transfer of miR-27a-3p, which leads to the promotion of angiogenesis and improved functional recovery after SCI.

Formation of the Great Bend and Enhanced Quaternary Incision of the Upper Yangtze River: New Insights from Low-Temperature Thermochronology and Tributary Morphology

Abstract The occurrence of a sharp turn along the upper course of the Yangtze River is referred to as the “Great Bend” and represents a large-scale drainage reorganization in response to the surface rise of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the timing and mechanism of the formation of the Great Bend remain disputed. In this paper, we report new (U–Th)/He and apatite fission track thermochronological data from the deep river valley in the Great Bend area of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Compared with the adjacent Jianchuan Basin, two phases of younger rapid cooling for the Great Bend area are identified based on thermal-history modeling, namely, Miocene (ca. 17 to 11–8 Ma) and Quaternary, with the former phase being contemporaneous with the formation of the anticline in the Tiger Leaping Gorge. Progressive increases in the normalized channel steepness (ksn) and the degree of river-valley incision with increasing distance downstream for tributaries of the Yangtze River in the Tiger Leaping Gorge indicate that river rerouting and formation of the Great Bend occurred during the Miocene. Samples located at the bottom of the Tiger Leaping Gorge also reveal a phase of rapid cooling since ca. 1.9 Ma, with an exhumation rate of 1.5 ± 0.2 mm/year. We hypothesize that enhanced Quaternary exhumation in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau occurred mainly within the narrow region between the Sichuan Basin and the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, corresponding to an episode of widespread extensional deformation superimposed above middle- to upper-crustal flexure in this region.

Highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution and degradation properties over NiO/Mn0.5Cd0.5S S-scheme photocatalyst

Well-designed and high-performance S-scheme photocatalysts for the fabrication of green hydrogen are of significant practical significance in solving the environmental and energy crises. In this study, NiO/Mn0.5Cd0.5S S-scheme heterojunctions were triumphantly prepared by electrostatic adsorption, and the formation of energy band bending and internal electric field at the interfacial contact site between NiO and Mn0.5Cd0.5S resulted in a good photogenerated carrier separation ability and enhanced hydrogen reduction performance and Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation performance. The hydrogen production rate of NiO/Mn0.5Cd0.5S S-scheme heterojunction was enhanced to three folds of the unitary Mn0.5Cd0.5S, with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 15.28% at 400 nm and a degradation rate of 91.5%. In addition, the NiO/Mn0.5Cd0.5S S-scheme heterojunction has enhanced and sustainable hydrogen precipitation and RhB degradation performance.

Comparison of the effect of capsular bend on the rotational stability between 2 toric intraocular lenses.

To compare the effect of capsular bend on the rotational stability between 2 toric intraocular lenses (IOLs). Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Prospective study. Patients with preexisting astigmatism received AcrySof IQ (SN6AT) or TECNIS (ZCT/ZMT) toric IOL during cataract surgery. CASIA2 was used to record the toric IOL axial orientation and capsular bend index (CBI) at the 1-day, 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month interval postoperatively. The postoperative rotational stability and CBI of both models were compared. A total of 58 eyes from 58 patients were enrolled in this study. The total misalignment of the TECNIS (ZCT/ZMT) group (6.96 ± 5.10 degrees, 7.41 ± 5.19 degrees, 6.93 ± 5.29 degrees, and 6.86 ± 5. 27 degrees) was significantly higher than that of the AcrySof IQ (SN6AT) group (3.55 ± 2.21 degrees, 4.00 ± 2.74 degrees, 3.72 ± 2.72 degrees, and 3.52 ± 2.50 degrees) at all follow-up intervals ( P < .05). The mean rotation of the TECNIS (ZCT/ZMT) group (2.66 ± 2.18 degrees) was significantly greater than that of the AcrySof IQ (SN6AT) group (1.65 ± 1.47 degrees) from 1 day to 1 week postoperatively ( P < .05). The capsular bend formation in the TECNIS (ZCT/ZMT) group was delayed compared with the AcrySof IQ (SN6AT) group ( P < .05, at the 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month interval). The TECNIS (ZCT/ZMT) group showed fibrosis in the peripheral anterior capsule, leading to its stretching away from the IOL surface, while the AcrySof IQ (SN6AT) group exhibited gentle adherence of the anterior capsule to the IOL surface. The AcrySof IQ toric IOL (SN6AT) exhibited greater rotational stability than the TECNIS toric IOL (ZCT/ZMT), which may partially result from the delay in capsular bend formation of TECNIS at the 1-day to 1-week follow-up postoperatively.

In situ fabrication of a 2D/2D WO3/Bi5O7I S-scheme heterojunction with enhanced spatial charge separation and tetracycline degradation

Schematic illustration of the formation of energy band bending and interface electric field (IEF) from Bi5O7I (+) to WO3 (−) before and after the contact of WO3 and Bi5O7I, and the possible S-scheme carrier transfer mechanism.

Tectonic evolution of the Ailaoshan–Red River shear zone and its relationship with the growth of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

The Ailaoshan–Red River shear zone (ARSZ), which is ∼ 1000 km long and one of the largest boundary strike-slip fault zones in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, provides valuable insights into the growth process of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau since the India-Asia collision. During the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene, the ARSZ underwent a kinematic transition from left-lateral strike-slip to right-lateral strike-slip motion. To reveal the mechanism of this kinematic transition and its relationship with the growth process of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic, we conducted paleomagnetic and tectonic deformation analyses on both sides of the ARSZ. The results show that the formation of the S-shaped bending and kinematic transition of the ARSZ were controlled by the changes in clockwise rotation rates of the Chuandian Fragment and the Indochina Block. This suggests that since the Oligocene, the growth of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau progressively extended outward from the southern margin of the Lhasa Terrane to the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, resulting in the sequential initiation of the clockwise rotation of the Shan-Thai Block, Indochina Block, and Chuandian Fragment since the Late Oligocene, and in variations in the rotational rates of these blocks. The different rotational movement of these blocks controlled the tectonic evolution of strike-slip fault systems on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НЮАНСЫ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО УКРЫВНОГО ВИНОГРАДАРСТВА

On industrial covered for winter vineyards the reaction of experimental vine varieties to vari-ous agrotechnical techniques (vine training sys-tem, age and arm length), their influence on productivity indictors and crop quality in the environmental conditions of the Rostov region and the Chechen Republic is shown. The func-tional dependence of the parameters of agro-biotechnological features on the developed agrotechnical techniques has been established. The optimal values for vine and eye number, plant productivity indicators, crop quality, labor productivity and economic efficiency were ob-served when using the long-arm training we proposed with a different combination of struc-tural elements, the method of vine pruning and the load rate of bushes. To conform the re-quirements of industrial technologies two 150−200 cm long arms are formed in bush structure with 2−4 branches on each arm. The principal requirement in the method is the for-mation of strict Z-shaped bend at the base of the arms which ensures the bushes after releas-ing from trellis, their strict orientation along the row and high-quality mechanized winter cover-ing of bushes by vinehandlers. In spring, after opening the bushes, the fruit vines grow at a height of 70−120 cm. (on the first and second levels of tree-leveled trellis). Vine is pruned at the length of 6−12 eyes, the load is 80−90 thousand shoots per hectare, with a bush plant-ing scheme 3×1.5−2.0 m. Such parameters of agricultural practices increase the productivity of plantings by 20−25 % with high technologi-cal conditions, and a reduction in labor expend-itures costs by 15−20 man-days per hectare.

Bradykinin-bradykinin receptor (B1R) signalling is involved in the blood-brain barrier disruption in moyamoya disease.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare disorder of the cerebrovascular system. It is a steno-occlusive disease that involves angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Bradykinin (BK), its metabolite des-Arg9-BK, and receptor (B1R) affect angiogenesis and BBB integrity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in BK, B1R and des-Arg9-BK levels in the serum and brain tissues of patients with MMD and explore the underlying mechanism of these markers in MMD. We obtained the serum samples and superficial temporal artery (STA) tissue of patients with MMD from the Department of Neurosurgery of the Jining First People's Hospital. First, we measured BK, des-Arg9-BK and B1R levels in the serum of patients by means of ELISA. Next, we performed immunofluorescence to determine B1R expression in STA tissues. Finally, we determined the underlying mechanism through Western blot, angiogenesis assay, immunofluorescence, transendothelial electrical resistance and transcytosis assays. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in the BK, des-Arg9-BK and B1R levels in the serum of patients with MMD compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, an increase in the B1R expression level was observed in the STA tissues of patients with MMD. BK and des-Arg9-BK could promote the migratory and proliferative abilities of bEnd.3 cells and inhibited the formation of bEnd.3 cell tubes. In vitro BBB model showed that BK and des-Arg9-BK could reduce claudin-5, ZO-1 and occluding expression and BBB disruption. To the best of our knowledge, our results show an increase in BK and B1R levels in the serum and STA tissues of patients with MMD. BK and Des-Arg9-BK could inhibit angiogenesis, promote migratory and proliferative capacities of cells, and disrupt BBB integrity. Therefore, regulating BK, des-Arg9-BK and B1R levels in the serum and the brain could be potential strategies for treating patients with MMD.

Sedimentary recycling in Jianchuan Basin, SE Tibetan Plateau: A solution to the debate on the formation age of the First Bend (Yangtze River)

The sedimentary archive of the Jianchuan Basin provides a critical constraint on the formation of the “First Bend”, a major geomorphological feature of the Yangtze River, involving an abrupt 150° change in flow direction. Despite extensive detrital zircon provenance studies, no consensus has been reached on the timing of this event. Prior to the formation of the First Bend, the Yangtze is thought to have flowed southwards through the Jinchuan Basin, entering the South China Sea via the Red River. In this study, we constrain the timing of the First Bend using detrital K-feldspar Pb isotopic and detrital zircon U-Pb age datasets from Jianchuan Basin sandstones. Provenance data from late Eocene detrital zircon and K-feldspar populations concur in suggesting that they were fed by the southward flowing paleo-upper Yangtze River. Distinct K-Feldspar Pb isotopic data indicate that the overlying later Eocene and Pliocene deposits were fed by local Eocene syenites, granites and tuffs. Stratigraphic constraints on this change in provenance indicate that the southward flowing paleo-Yangtze River was cut off in the late Eocene at or before ∼37 Ma, thereby dating the formation of the First Bend. In contrast, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology from the youngest units within the Jianchuan Basin is similar to those of the older sandstones and upper Yangtze River sands. This evidence indicates that the majority of zircons deposited in the upper part of the Jianchuan Basin were recycled from older sedimentary rocks. In our view, much of the disagreement relating to the formation time of the First Bend can be attributed to the failure to recognize sedimentary recycling. This study highlights the need to consider the possible presence of recycled detrital zircons when investigating paleo-drainage systems.

Cyclical dermal micro-niche switching governs the morphological infradian rhythm of mouse zigzag hair

Biological rhythms are involved in almost all types of biological processes, not only physiological processes but also morphogenesis. Currently, how periodic morphological patterns of tissues/organs in multicellular organisms form is not fully understood. Here, using mouse zigzag hair, which has 3 bends, we found that a change in the combination of hair progenitors and their micro-niche and subsequent bend formation occur every three days. Chimeric loss-of-function and gain-of-function of Ptn and Aff3, which are upregulated immediately before bend formation, resulted in defects in the downward movement of the micro-niche and the rhythm of bend formation in an in vivo hair reconstitution assay. Our study demonstrates the periodic change in the combination between progenitors and micro-niche, which is vital for the unique infradian rhythm.

Hypoxic Postconditioning Promotes Angiogenesis After Ischemic Stroke

Although hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) has a protective effect on ischemic stroke, its effect on angiogenesis after ischemic stroke is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of HPC on angiogenesis after ischemic stroke and to preliminarily study the mechanism involved. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-intervened bEnd.3 (mouse brain-derived Endothelial cell. 3) was used to simulate cerebral ischemia. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Cell BrdU proliferation, wound healing, Transwell and tube formation assays were used to evaluate the effect of HPC on the cell viability, proliferation, migration (horizontal and vertical migration), morphogenesis and tube formation of bEnd.3. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was made in C57 mice to simulate focal cerebral ischemia. Rod rotation test, corner test, modified neurological severity score (mNSS), and balance beam walking test were used to evaluate the effect of HPC on the neurological impairment of mice. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the effect of HPC on angiogenesis in mice. The angiogenesis-related proteins were evaluated and quantified using western blot. Results showed that HPC significantly promoted proliferation, migration and tube formation of bEnd.3. HPC significantly reversed the neurological deficit of MCAO mice. Moreover, HPC significantly promoted angiogenesis in the peri-infarct area, and angiogenesis was found to be positively correlated with the improvement of neurological impairment. The HPC mice showed higher PLCλ and ALK5 than did MCAO. We conclude that HPC improves the neurological deficit caused by focal cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis. Furthermore, the effect of HPC on improving angiogenesis may be related to PLCλ and ALK5.

Improved Carrier Management via a Multifunctional Modifier for High-Quality Low-Bandgap Sn-Pb Perovskites and Efficient All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells.

All-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) hold great promise in terms of ultrahigh efficiency, low manufacturing cost, and flexibility, stepping forward to the next-generation photovoltaics. However, their further development is hampered by the relatively low performance of low-bandgap (LBG) tin (Sn)-lead (Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Improving the carrier management, including suppressing trap-assisted non-radiative recombination and promoting carrier transfer, is of great significance to enhance the performance of Sn-Pb PSCs. Herein, a carrier management strategy is reported for using cysteine hydrochloride (CysHCl) simultaneously as a bulky passivator and a surface anchoring agent for Sn-Pb perovskite. CysHCl processing effectively reduces trap density and suppresses non-radiative recombination, enabling the growth of high-quality Sn-Pb perovskite with greatly improved carrier diffusion length of >8µm. Furthermore, the electron transfer at the perovskite/C60 interface is accelerated due to the formation of surface dipoles and favorable energy band bending. As a result, these advances enable the demonstration of champion efficiency of 22.15% for CysHCl-processed LBG Sn-Pb PSCs with remarkable enhancement in both open-circuit voltage and fill factor. When paired with a wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite subcell, a certified 25.7%-efficient all-perovskite monolithic tandem device is further demonstrated.

Calaxin is required for asymmetric bend initiation and propagation in sperm flagella.

Regulation of waveform asymmetry in flagella is critical for changes in direction when sperm are swimming, as seen during the chemotaxis of sperm towards eggs. Ca2+ is an important regulator of asymmetry in flagellar waveforms. A calcium sensor protein, calaxin, is associated with the outer arm dynein and plays a key role in the regulation of flagellar motility in a Ca2+-dependent manner. However, the underlying mechanism of regulating asymmetric waves by means of Ca2+ and calaxin remains unclear. To clarify the calaxin-dependent mechanism for generating Ca2+-dependent asymmetric flagellar waveforms, we analyzed the initial step of flagellar bend formation and propagation in the sperm of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Our experiment used demembranated sperm cells, which were then reactivated by UV flash photolysis of caged ATP under both high and low Ca2+ concentrations. Here, we show that initial bends in the flagella are formed at the base of the sperm and propagate towards the tip during waveform generation. However, the direction of the initial bend differed between asymmetric and symmetric waves. When a calaxin inhibitor (repaglinide) was applied, it resulted in the failure of asymmetric wave formation and propagation. This was because repaglinide had no effect on initial bend formation, but it significantly inhibited the generation of the subsequent bend in the reverse direction. Switching of dynein sliding activity by mechanical feedback is crucial for flagellar oscillation. Our results suggest that the Ca2+/calaxin mechanism plays an important role in the switching of dynein activity from microtubule sliding in the principal bend into the suppressed sliding in the reverse bend, thereby allowing the sperm to successfully change direction.

Exosomes derived from M2 Macrophages Improve Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through HIF-1α/VEGF Axis.

Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that contain a variety of mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. They are capable of being released by a variety of cells and are essential for cell–cell communication. The exosomes produced by cells have shown protective benefits against spinal cord damage (SCI). Recently, it was discovered that M2 macrophages aid in the angiogenesis of numerous illnesses. However, the functional role of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on SCI is unclear. Here, we investigate the pro-angiogenesis of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on SCI. We founded that M2 macrophage exosomes alleviated tissue damage and enhanced functional recovery post-SCI. We discovered that M2 macrophage exosome administration increased angiogenesis after SCI in vivo using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence labeling, and Western blot analysis. Additionally, the expression of the pro-angiogenesis factors, HIF-1α and VEGF, were enhanced with the treatment of the M2 macrophage exosomes. Furthermore, we found that M2 macrophage exosomes enhanced neurogenesis after SCI in vivo. In vitro, we found that M2 macrophage exosomes can be taken up by the brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) and that they enhanced the tube formation, migration, and proliferation of bEnd.3 cells. Furthermore, by using special siRNA to inhibit HIF-1α expression, we observed that the expression of VEGF decreased, and the tube formation, migration, and proliferation of bEnd.3 cells were attenuated with the treatment of HIF-1α-siRNA. In conclusion, our findings reveal that M2 macrophage exosomes improve neurological functional recovery and angiogenesis post-SCI, and this process is partially associated with the activation of the HIF-1/VEGF signaling pathway.

Comparative analysis of the structure-function changes in the endodermal cells of tomato leaf petioles after gravity stimulation and phytohormone action

The sedimentaion of amyloplasts in tomato leaf petiole cells, when influenced by gravistimulation, gravistimulation and phytohormone epine, gravistimulation, and by an exogenous source of ethylene ethephon for a period of 0.25–24 h, was demonstrated. Ethephone significantly slowed down the sedimentation of amyloplasts serving as statolytes in cells, which correlates with its inhibitory effect on the formation of the gravitropic bending of the stem.

Effect of Axial Normal Stress and Bending Moment between Contact and Non-Contact Zone on Forming Accuracy for Flexible Stretch Bending Formation

Flexible 3D stretch bending (FSB) is a technology that uses multi-point molds instead of traditional integral molds to bend and deform profiles. Since the position of a multi-point mold can be adjusted in the horizontal and vertical directions, a set of molds can be used to form profile products with different contour structures. Due to the contact area and non-contact area between the multi-point mold and the surface of the profile, the forming accuracy of different areas is different. Thus, the axial normal stress and bending moment of the contact zone and non-contact zone between the profile and roller dies are studied in this article. By simulating the change in axial normal stress at the same position in the middle of a web along the axial direction, it is found that the axial normal stress shows little difference in the contact zone and non-contact zone. The value of axial normal stress in the non-contact zone is relatively stable, and there is a small increase on the side near the clamp. By simulating the axial normal stress of different cross-sections in the middle areas of three groups of webs, it is found that there is a linear relationship between the axial normal stress and the distance from inner curved surface. The bending moment of the profile in the contact zone is obviously greater than that in the non-contact zone, and the bending moment gradually decreases to near zero from the contact zone to the non-contact zone. The bending deformation of the profile in the contact zone is obviously greater than that in the non-contact zone, which results in the deviation between simulated bending displacement and theoretical bending displacement in the contact zone and non-contact zone.