Bench Equipment Research Articles

МЕТОДЫ И ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ТЯГОВО-СКОРОСТНЫХ СВОЙСТВ И ТОПЛИВНОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧНОСТИ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОЙ ТЕХНИКИ КАМАЗ. ЧАСТЬ 1

Operational indicators of wheeled vehicles (WV), consumption of fuel and lubricants, urea, speed of cargo delivery, have always been and remain one of the key factors ensuring their high efficiency. To improve the efficiency of WV, specialists of KAMAZ PTC have developed and apply in practice both standardized methods of research of these indicators and original methods with appropriate instrumental support. Design and research departments are equipped with tools for analytical calculations, computer modeling, laboratory-road and operational tests, as well as bench equipment for determining input data for calculation models and their validation. The first part of the paper presents the experience of analytical studies. In the second part, the methods of computational and experimental studies will be outlined.

Developing the method ensuring stable braking via advanced design of braking devices

The aim is to develop a method for ensuring the stability and efficiency of the braking process by differentiating the friction linings of brake pads of pad-type disc braking mechanisms. The research applied differentiation of the interaction time of friction pairs and their area, which provides the highest stability indicators of braking mechanisms. The non-standardized bench equipment developed by the author, as well as segmental braking mechanisms providing differentiation of friction pairs by area were used in the study. A method of designing the resultant braking torque was developed using the relationship between the transverse movement of the pads and the developed braking torque of the friction unit. As a result of bench tests, the stability and fluctuation coefficients of the braking torque of the developed pad-type disc brake mechanisms with six pressing elements increased by 12.2 and 34.9%. These values were obtained as compared to serial brake mechanisms equipped with a monopressing mechanism with a single brake pad. The discrepancies between the simulated and obtained data during the bench test on the stability criteria averaged 5.1 and 6.7% for the stability coefficients and braking torque fluctuations for the three brake mechanism variants under consideration, respectively. Differentiation of pressing elements and segmentation of brake pads has the effect of increasing the stability criteria and braking efficiency for pad-type disc brakes. With the analysis of the dependence of the transverse displacement and the developed braking torque, a guaranteed result on the stability criterion and braking torque fluctuations of pad-type disc brakes was modeled. Based on the conducted bench tests, the model developed for obtaining the resultant braking torque for the braking mechanism with segmental pads can be used for designing friction pairs with the set parameters.

Influence of Hydraulic Oil Brands on the Completeness and Accuracy of Diagnostics of Hydraulic Units of Russian and Foreign Production

Introduction. Russian and foreign manufacturers of volumetric hydraulic drives recommend using hydraulic oils (working fluid) from certain manufacturers for their hydraulic units: Lukoil, Gazpromneft, Mobil, Hydrau Gard, SHELL, Total, etc. The oils have different physicochemical properties, because of different additive packages in their composition. However, changes in these properties during operation are a negative factor. In this regard, the physicochemical properties of the power fluid will affect the determination of diagnostic parameters, namely their accuracy and reliability. Therefore, when monitoring the technical condition of volumetric hydraulic drives in bench equipment, it is necessary to use hydraulic oil, with constant physico-chemical properties. To select power fluid for determining the parameters of diagnosing new and existing volumetric hydraulic drives of Russian and foreign production with a minimum error, it is necessary to conduct experimental studies. Aim of the Article. The study was aimed at determining the dependence of changes in the parameters of diagnosing new and operating hydraulic units of Russian and foreign production on the power fluid temperature. Materials and Methods. As power fluid there were used Hydraulic oils MGE-46B and SHELL TELLUS S2 V46 recommended by manufacturers for volumetric hydraulic drives НST-90, НST-112 and Danfoss Power Solutions 90-series respectively. During the experiment, the volume efficiency and torque of volumetric hydraulic drives were tested as diagnostic parameters. The tests were carried out on specialized bench equipment in accordance with the requirements (methodology) of the manufacturers. Results. Experimental studies presented in the article have shown that the changes in the temperature of the power fluid affect significantly the accuracy of the diagnosed parameters of hydraulic units under study. It was found that the power fluid SHELL TELLUS S2 V46 allows reliably determining the diagnostic parameters of new and having operating time domestic hydraulic units. Optimal temperature ranges equal to 60...69 °C were obtained for power fluid – MGE-46V when testing new and having operating time foreign hydraulic units Danfoss Power Solutions 90-series. Discussion and Conclusion. It has been found that the power fluid MGE-46B in optimal temperature ranges ensures the completeness and high accuracy of diagnosing new and having operating time hydraulic units of Russian and foreign production in accordance with the requirements of GOST 17108 and manufacturers. Therefore, this hydraulic oil can be used as a universal power fluid for monitoring the technical condition of various hydraulic units at repair enterprises.

ABOUT FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSTICS OF CARS WITH AN ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

The article is devoted to the development of a method of functional diagnostics of cars with an electric power plant on stands with running drums. The necessity of carrying out functional diagnostics of cars with an electric power plant is analyzed. The reasons hindering the development and implementation of the bench method for monitoring the technical condition of cars with an electric power plant are considered. The article presents the results obtained by the authors in previous works. The developed mathematical models are presented, test modes for testing cars with an electric power plant on a stand with running drums are proposed. The results of analytical and experimental identification of interrelations between the parameters of the technical condition of a car with an electric power plant and the main parameters of its functioning are presented. The revealed patterns made it possible to develop a method of functional diagnostics of cars with an electric power plant based on the use of a diagnostic matrix. The developed method of functional diagnostics is implemented by measuring and then comparing with the normative values of the main parameters of the functioning of a car with an electric power plant when monitoring its technical condition on a stand with running drums. A control algorithm is proposed that allows implementing the developed method of functional diagnostics.
 Purpose – development of a method of functional diagnostics of cars with an electric power plant on stands with running drums.
 Methods or methodologies of research – a numerical method based on the finite-difference scheme of the Park method, using a special numerical-iterative method of composing equations of motion; full-scale experimental research.
 Results – a method of functional diagnostics of cars with an electric power plant on stands with running drums has been developed, which, based on the revealed dependencies of the parameters characterizing the traction and dynamic properties of cars with electric power plants on the parameters of the technical condition of their units and systems, is carried out using the developed algorithm and diagnostic matrix allows quantitative control of the technical condition of cars with electric power installation, their power units and systems during the operation of cars with an electric power plant on stands with running drums and is implemented on the developed bench equipment.
 Practical implications. The results obtained in the form of the developed method and the equipment implementing it are advisable to apply when monitoring the technical condition and diagnostics of cars with an electric power plant at service stations, testing at manufacturing plants.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE STAND FOR EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE DOSER PUMP OF THE HYDROSTATIC STEERING SYSTEM OF SELF-PROPELLED AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

Hydrovolumetric steering systems have today become widely used in heavy agricultural machines, such as combines, loaders, etc. The reliability and quality of operation of these machines largely depends on the quality of these systems and their elements. During the operation of these systems, a number of shortcomings were identified, which require additional research and the application of new design solutions. From the analysis of modern developments of the leading manufacturers of elements of these hydraulic systems, it follows that the main design changes are caused by the need to ensure the operability of these systems in abnormal or emergency situations. To check the performance of these devices in laboratory conditions, it is necessary to provide bench equipment with the ability to simulate abnormal situations and ensure the recording of the received information for the purpose of its further analysis and the formation of a set of measures aimed at eliminating the identified deficiencies and meeting the requirements of current standards. The authors have developed an original method of experimental research of individual steering control units for hydrostatic steering systems of special vehicles. It is proposed to create a load on the steering control unit in the form of a pressure difference in its output channels without using supporting hydraulic cylinders. To implement the proposed method, an electro-hydraulic scheme of the stand was developed. This makes it possible to analyze the quality of the steering unit's operation in conditions corresponding to different operating modes of the steering system, and to determine the corresponding characteristics of the steering unit under oncoming and passing loads.

The use of liquefied petroleum gas as fuel in tractor diesel engines

BACKGROUND: The use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as alternative helps to eliminate a number of drawbacks related to fuel-air ratio. The high-priority problem is development of means and methods of reduction of environment pollution, specifically targeted researches in the field of alternative fuel with minimal harmful emissions into the environment, increase of availability of this technology by means of reducing the costs of adaptation of the fuel injection system of a diesel engine.
 AIMS: The main aim of the study is justification of parameters of the diesel engine operating according to gas-diesel cycle with the spark dose ignition.
 METHODS: The studies were carried out at the brake bench equipment of the MMZ D-243 diesel engine. The distributed liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) supply system with an ignition dose of diesel fuel was tested with automatic change of the gas supply angle and including exhaust gases in the intake manifold in the recycling system. Adaptation of the diesel engine to LPG allows the fuel injection system to operate in both diesel and gas-diesel mode, while the electronic regulation of the diesel fuel supply in the "diesel" mode occurs more accurately and helps to reduce the consumption and final combustion of diesel fuel in the exhaust manifold. The standard equipment for distributed LPG supply widely used for transferring gasoline engines with spark ignition is applied. The chosen domestically made electronic control unit was configured according to the methodology for controlling the gas supply in the cylinders developed in Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM.
 RESULTS: The studies showed that the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere decreased in all operation modes of the engine in the gas-diesel mode and complies with the Euro-5 standard. Due to the 2,5 times lower price of LPG compared to diesel fuel, the cost of using LPG as a replacement for diesel fuel in the "gas diesel" mode is reduced by 2530% of the cost of agricultural crops. The use of LPG in gas-diesel engines reduces the cost of agricultural products by 1518%.
 CONCLUSIONS: These indicators confirm the relevance of scientific research in the development of the diesel engine adaptation system. The gas-diesel fuel injection system of the engine is the main effective way to reduce diesel fuel costs.

МЕТОД ПІДТВЕРДЖЕННЯ РЕСУРСНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МЕТАЛЕВОЇ ЛОПАТІ НЕСУЧОГО ГВИНТА ВЕРТОЛЬОТА ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ ВИПРОБУВАНЬ

The helicopter main rotor blade is the basic product that determines the reliability and service life of the helicopter as a whole. The problem of predicting and ensuring the specified blade life is an urgent problem considered at the stage of its design. The analysis of the design, structural materials and design and technological solutions of the main rotor blade (RB) of the Mi-8 helicopter has been carried out. A brief description of the main rotor blade of the Mi-8 helicopter is presented. The analysis was carried out and a standard flight cycle (SFC) of the helicopter was developed. The type of bench equipment for carrying out bench fatigue tests of the blade has been selected and justified. The loads on the main rotor blade for the SFC are determined. To determine the fatigue life of a blade, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the stress-strain state. The calculation of the stress-strain state (SSS) of a blade by the finite element method (FEM) using the ANSYS system is presented. The characteristics of the stress-strain state of the spar of the regular and irregular parts of the rotor blade of a helicopter are determined using the ANSYS system. The use of numerical methods for calculating the characteristics of the stress-strain state can significantly reduce the time and cost of designing a blade. The paper presents the results of calculating the regular part of the main rotor blade of the Mi-8 helicopter in the hover mode in the case of its loading with aerodynamic and inertial load from rotation, as well as the force from its own weight. With the help of the ANSYS system, a finite element model of the regular part of the blade was developed, consisting of a set of beam elements of variable section, a calculation was carried out taking into account the geometric nonlinearity of the structure's behavior, and an analysis of the results obtained was carried out. To describe the response of materials to an external action, a model of an elastically deformable isotropic body was used with the assignment of the corresponding elastic constants of the material. The analysis of the calculation results includes the determination of reactions at the attachment points, the values of the maximum displacements of structural elements and stresses in dangerous sections. Dangerous sections are determined and the values of the longitudinal force and bending moment in these sections are calculated. The assessment of the static strength of the blade by the safety factor was carried out. When evaluating the static strength, the equivalent stresses according to Mises were considered as the maximum design stresses. To assess the fatigue strength, we analyzed the distribution of the main tensile stresses in the power elements over typical stress concentrators. The maximum level of the main tensile stresses in the dangerous section indicates that the blade material operates in the zone of high-cycle fatigue. A technique for calibrating strain gauge channels has been developed. The calculation of the characteristics of the rotor blade of a helicopter is based on the requirements set forth in the technical literature, regulatory documents. When performing work, the requirements of the Aviation Rules, Part 29 (AP - 29) were taken into account. These studies were the basis for the development of a method for confirming the resource characteristics of a helicopter main rotor blade based on the results of flight and bench tests.

Features of the Application of Friction Braking in High-Speed Track Tests

The increase in the speed characteristics of newly developed aircraft models im-poses new requirements on the test bench equipment of rocket-rail tracks, including braking means. In this paper, the method of friction braking in the conditions of a rocket track is considered. A method for calculating the mode of motion of a rocket sled during friction braking and the thermal wear of the friction elements of braking devices occurring at the same time is presented. An example of the calculation of the friction braking of a conditionally specified rocket sled, per-formed according to the presented method, is shown.

Research of Oscillation Processes of a Mobile Lift Working Platform

Problem. The work is a continuation of research in the field of studying the regularities of the functioning of mobile lifts with working platforms (MLWP), determining the kinematic characteristics of the equipment during the execution of certain technological operations and their influence on oscillatory processes. Goal. The main goal of this work is to compare the results of research performed on computer models and on a full-scale model of the machine. Methodology. The purpose of this work was to develop a suitable computer model of MLWP and investigate the influence of the parameters of the mobile lift and the features of the machine's work process on the oscillatory processes, as well as to compare these results with experimental data obtained on bench equipment. One of the solved problems is the development of a computer model of MLWP, which allows to adequately simulate the load modes of the machine and conduct research on the influence of the operating modes on the oscillatory phenomena observed during the execution of technological processes. Results. Also, the developed model will be useful in determining the reach zones of the selected equipment during installation work in the time of construction or maintenance of buildings, when performing tasks in the communal economy, servicing infrastructure objects of road construction, etc. Originality. The paper proposes a possible way of researching the influence of the parameters of the mobile lift and the features of the management of the working equipment on the kinematic and power characteristics that determine the oscillating processes in metal structures during technological operations. Practical value. The developed computer model and the comparison of the results obtained with its help with experimental data obtained on bench equipment make it possible to predict load modes in the process of designing machines of a similar design.

Non-Ionizing Radiation Measurements for Trajectography Radars.

This work presents a Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) measurement campaign and proposes a specific measurement method for trajectography radars. This kind of radar has a high gain narrow beam antenna and emits a high power signal. Power density measurements from a C-band trajectography radar are carried out using bench equipment and a directional receiving antenna, instead of the commonly used isotropic probe. The measured power density levels are assessed for compliance test via comparison with the occupational and general public exposure limit levels of both the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Brazilian National Telecommunication Agency (Anatel). The limit for the occupational public is respected everywhere, evidencing the safe operation of the studied radar. However, the limit for the general public is exceeded at a point next to the radar’s antenna, showing that preventive measures are needed.

Визначення впливу внутрішніх та зовнішніх факторів на розкид тяги двигунної установки, що складається зі зв'язки кількох двигунів

The thrust spread of a stand-alone rocket engine caused by external (the pressure and temperature of the propellant components at the engine inlet) and internal (spread in the geometry and operating conditions of the engine units and assemblies) factors is known from experimental tests or can be computed by a known procedure. As a rule, liquid-propellant propulsion systems (LPPSs) of launch vehicle lower stages include a cluster of several engines, whose thrust spread cannot often be determined from firing tests due to limited capabilities of bench equipment. The aim of this work is to develop an approach to determining the thrust spread of an LPPS comprising a cluster of two and more engines. For a multiengine propulsion system, this methodological approach also includes the development of a mathematical model of engine interaction in an LPPS and calculations of an LPPS startup at different combinations of spread in the external and internal factors in cases where the parameter spreads of all engines are both identical and different. For an LPPS with two engines and a common oxidizer feed pipeline, the paper gives an example of calculating the effect of external and internal factors on the thrust spread of each engine and the LPPS as a whole during an LPPS startup. . It is shown that the calculated spread of the 90 percent thrust (combustion chamber pressure) time lies in the range – 0.0917 s to +0.0792 s (engine 1) and –0.0941 s to +0.0618 s (engine 2). The calculated variations of the combustion chamber pressure (engine thrust) from its nominal value lie in the range –6.2 percent to +7.0 percent (engine 1) and -6.8 percent to +6.3 percent (engine 2). The calculated spreads of the 90 percent thrust time and the thrust for the LPPS as a whole are far smaller (about by 40 percent) and lie in the range – 0.0733 s to +0.0457 s for the time and – 4.8 percent to +4.8 percent for the thrust (about the nominal thrust). Using Pearson’s chi-squared test, an estimate is obtained for the goodness of fit of the anticipated theoretical distributions of the 90 percent thrust time spread and the steady thrust spread to the obtained statistical ones both for the two engines and for the LPPS as a whole.

TEST BENCH EQUIPMENT OF KELDYSH RESEARCH CENTRE FOR TESTING HIGH-PERFORMANCE POWER AND PROPULSION SYSTEMS

Expanding space exploration in near-Earth space and deep space calls for an increase in power supply of space vehicles to a level of hundreds of kilowatts and higher. Pre-requisite for successful implementation of works on development of power propulsion systems of such power level, including those with nuclear energy sources, is availability of a full-scale experimental test bench equipment. A unique experimental test bench has been built and is successfully operating at JSC «Keldysh Research Center», which allows performing both research and developmental tests of key components of high-performance power and propulsion systems under conditions close to nominal operating conditions. The article describes the main components of JSC «Keldysh Research Center» test bench equipment, presents some results of the work fulfilled on it, outlines prospects for its furtherance and use in development of space high-performance power and propulsion systems. Key words: testing, ground developmental testing, power conversion system, test bench equipment, electric propulsion, power and propulsion system.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF HEAT EXCHANGE DURING WATER COOLING AND STEAM CONDENSATION IN DEMOVER RADIATOR SECTIONS

The Department of Railwayand Road Transport, lift and care system of Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, an energy-saving cooling system for diesel locomotives using phase transitions of the coolant has been developed. The proposed cooling system allows to maintain constant optimal temperatures of cooling objects at ambient temperatures ± 40 ºC and in any mode of operation of the diesel engine. For thermal calculation of the radiator section operating in the mode of the steam condenser, the mathematical model of process of heat transfer from steam to walls of a flat tube at condensation is developed that considers geometrical features of section of a tube. The adequacy of this mathematical model is verified by comparing the simulation results with the obtained experimental data. During the tests, the outlet water temperature, inlet and outlet air temperature, and air pressure in front of and behind the radiator were measured. Having the values of wall temperature, steam temperature and condensate, knowing the value of steam consumption and the experimental heat transfer coefficient, it becomes possible to verify the adequacy of the mathematical model by comparing the simulation results with the obtained experimental data. Schemes of bench equipment, test methods, experimental planning and basic calculation dependences required for testing serial radiator sections of a locomotive in the standard mode of operation and in the mode of steam condensers are presented.

Создание передовой технологии и оборудования для изготовления титановых шар-баллонов

The most promising in the world practice are launch vehicles using titanium spherical vessels in a cryogenic medium at high pressure. The paper deals with an import-substituting technology, which provides a closed production cycle for the manufacture of titanium spherical vessels at the JSC “Chemical Automatics Design Bureau” and analyzes existing manufacturing technologies. We developed an innovative method of shaping and machining hemispheres from hard-to-deform advanced titanium alloys, providing maximum automation and productivity of the process. For hydraulic and cryogenic tests of submersible titanium vessels, bench equipment was developed and introduced into production. For simulating the facility operating conditions in order to reduce the cost and increase the safety of tests, liquid oxygen was replaced with liquid nitrogen and helium was replaced with high-pressure nitrogen. Within the study, we substantiated the area of ??effective use of the import-substituting technology and developed production facilities of a closed cycle for the production of titanium vessels with a capacity of 25 and 130 liters.

Сучасні проблеми низькочастотної динаміки рідинних ракетних двигунних установок

One of the key problems in liquid-propellant rocket engine (LPRE) design is to provide the stability of LPRE working processes, in particular low-frequency stability. In LPRE experimental tryout, every so often there occur situations where the development of divergent oscillations set up in some of the LPRE loops or units results in contingencies: exceeding the engine ultimate strength, pump stall, chamber ignition, etc. Such contingencies may lead to grave consequences, including engine and bench equipment failure. Because of this, mathematical simulation is one of the main tools that allow one to predict he dynamic performance of an LPRE both in its steady operation and in transients and its startup operation features at the design and tryout stage. This paper overviews and analyzes scientific publications for the past 15 years concerned with the study of the dynamics and low-frequency stability of advanced LPREs and units thereof along different lines. This analysis made it possible to identify problems in low-frequency stability prediction and assurance for liquid-propellant rocket propulsion systems (LPRPSs) under design, to cover new research results (experimental and theoretical) on the origination and development of all-engine low-frequency oscillations and low-frequency oscillations in LPRPS systems and units and to identify new approaches to the mathematical simulation and study of low-frequency processes in LPRPSs and promising lines of investigation. The man lineы of the analysis are as follows: the low-frequency dynamics of cavitating inducer-equipped centrifugal pumps and LPRE gas paths, LPRE thrust control problems, the interaction of launch vehicle airframe longitudinal oscillations with low-frequency processes in the sustainer LPRPS, dynamic processes during an LPRE startup/shutdown, and low-frequency in-chamber oscillations.

Распределение семян подсолнечника в рядок в зависимости от скоростных режимов работы пневматического высевающего аппарата

The process conditions of a pneumatic dropping device are described during its testing as part of bench equipment for the distribution of imitating spheres and sunflower seeds in a row with a seeding rate of 5 pcs/line m for a drill speed of 7.2-12 km/h.

СОЗДАНИЕ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ И МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЙ БАЗЫ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ СООТВЕТСТВИЯ ПРОЧНОСТИ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ КУЗОВОВ ПАССАЖИРСКИХ ВАГОНОВ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ НОРМАТИВНОЙ БАЗЕ

The development of the international trade and the entrance of domestic car manufacturers into international markets required bench equipment development for tests in accordance with the requirements of the European standards. 
 In this connection the purpose of this work is to develop an experimental and methodical basis for the estimation of the strength correspondence of export railway produce to the European standard basis. 
 In the work there is shown a description of the bench developed for static tests of rolling stock for loads corresponding to the European standard basis. 
 In the requirements mentioned there is used a more extended list of loads and combination of efforts and the necessity in the application of longitudinal loads to the elements of the end wall in three levels should be particularly emphasized. 
 On the test bench there are carried out static tests of the car of model 61-4514 for Egyptian national railways and the body of the motor-rail car of model 2853 for the railway infrastructure of Serbia.

Rotating bending load tests of wheels. Methodological errors

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Wheels are components that ensure the safety of vehicles. One of the main ways to test the fatigue strength of wheels is a rotating bending load test. The methodology of these tests, regulated by international and national regulatory documents, allows an indirect method for measuring the normalized force effect on the wheels, in which there are always risks of methodological errors.The purpose of the study was to identify potential sources of methodological errors when testing wheels in the bending-rotating mode.Methodology and research methods. Analytical research methods from the field of practical vibration theory were used in the article, considering the critical state of rotating shafts and rotors. Scientific novelty and results. The sources of potential methodological errors and their relationship with the design characteristics of the bench equipment and the wheel itself were determined.Practical significance. Practical recommendations have been given on the change and control of the stand components design characteristics aimed at minimizing errors. The high-speed test modes were determined, in which the error of the test effect on the wheel did not go beyond the normative limits.

Angular Rate Sensor Based on a Solid-State Wave Gyroscope with a Metal Resonator for Attitude Control, Stabilization and Navigation Systems

The article describes the methods and test results of a solid-wave gyroscope (SVG) — an angular rate sensor (ARS), developed at the Department of Control Devices, Tula State University and manufactured by the serial plant of JSC "Michurinsky Plant" Progress "according to the technology it worked out. The metal resonator SVG-ARS is made of an elinvar alloy and has a cylindrical structure of different thickness, the lower part of which, with a smaller wall thickness, acts as a suspension for the upper cylinder, the resonator itself, which has a conical shape, providing better vibration localization at its end edge. Technological manufacturing defects, different frequencies and variability, are eliminated by balancing " by mass" based on the removal of excess metal at certain points on the end edge of the resonator. The electronic module provides the second mode of primary and secondary oscillations of the resonator edge arising during rotation and creates a signal to compensate for the Coriolis and quadrature components of the output signal at the nodes. The maximum amplitudes of the excitation and compensation signals do not exceed 10 V. Therefore, at large values of mechanical influences, the compensation circuit may not work out the increased signal and the SVG-ARS loses its operability. The total processing time of the compensation signal does not exceed 1 μs. The maximum power consumption of the electronic module is not more than 4 W. When testing for mechanical and temperature effects, the norms were used that are typical for similar devices (angular rate sensors) used on board aircraft. The tests were carried out on the bench equipment of a specialized enterprise. The stability of the zero signal and the scale factor was determined under the simultaneous action of the measured speed and temperature on the SVG-ARS. The values of the random walk and the instability of the zero signal were obtained from the Allan deviation plots. Their values provide a basis for the conclusion about the possibility of using the developed SVG for several hours on board dynamic aircraft in orientation, stabilization and navigation systems. It was found that SVG-ARS possesses impact strength and restores its measuring ability after impact. Tests for vibration resistance revealed resonance frequencies and frequency rangesin which the tested VTG-DUS sample can be used without significant modification. The results of vibration tests can be used to refine the design and control electronics for the operating conditions of a particular aircraft.

Influence of the distribution of fuel supply in a double-circuit burner on the concentration of harmful substances in combustion products

The design of a double-circuit burner of a low-emission combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine working on natural gas is considered. The distribution of the fuel supply in the double-circuit burner is investigated and its influence on the emissions of harmful substances is determined. Bench equipment, features of experimental studies of the concentration of gas mixture components in combustion products and calculations of the fuel combustion efficiency are presented. The ratio of fuel consumption along the circuits at a minimum concentration of nitrogen oxides and maximum combustion efficiency of carbon oxide in combustion products is determined. Keywords: double-circuit burner, low-emission combustion chamber, experiment, fuel, combustion efficiency, combustion products, nitrogen oxides. andreybaklanov@bk.ru