Bell Rings Research Articles

Term ‘zlorastvoreniye’ in liturgical texts: loan translation and re-interpretation

The article analyzes the use of an unclear term “zlorastvoreniye” (traced from the ancient Greek compound word δυσκρασία or its Latin analogue intemperies “bad mixing; immoderation”) and its derivatives in Church Slavonic texts. The paper gives examples of these classical language lexemes and explains how these terms reflect ideas dating back to antiquity about the correct, favorable combination of tangible qualities of the weather. Apart from a single example (the expression “zlorastvoreniye vetrov”), translated into Slavonic from Greek, the article provides examples with phraseological units “zlorastvoreniye vozdukhov / zlorastvorennii vozdusi” from the original texts, whose authors most likely copied Latin phraseology. The work explains the meaning of the petitions from the blessing of the bell worship (which has a Rome Catholic origin, although is not a direct translation) — bell ringing was believed to have a beneficial effect on the phenomena occurring in the air. Moreover, we present examples of how, in connection with the wide spread of the miasmatic theory of diseases in Russia, the studied expressions were reinterpreted by authors who were not experienced in the classical languages as bad smell and contagiousness of the air.

Колокола-гиганты в Сибири в XVII–XX вв.: памятники литья и их культурное значение

There is fragmentary information about giant bells in Siberia; the topic of studying this phenomenon has not been raised before. The article gives and justifies the definition of a giant bell. Bells weighing 500 pounds or more were found in most large provincial Siberian cities; in some cases (Tobolsk, Kungur, Pyskor, Nizhny Tagil, Irkutsk) there were several such bells. It is noted that in Siberia, which has experienced a shortage of bells throughout the entire Orthodox period of existence, bells of smaller weight can also be considered giants. Giant bells were the subject of special concern of kings and bishops and had great cultural significance in the life of Siberians. Notifying local residents about the most important events not only in the church and state life of the country, the ringing of such bells was a kind of mass media for the population. In the conditions of low-rise buildings in Siberian settlements, this ringing covered not only the entire territory of the city, but was often heard in neighboring settlements. During the research, the problem of attribution of bells in terms of their weight arose. It turned out that in various pre-revolutionary sources the same bell can have different data; often the weight was rounded to some more convenient values, both up and down. Of the 22 bells described in the article, not a single giant survived after the anti-bell campaign of the 20th century; all of them were destroyed. The article raises the issue of restoring the lost bell heritage and provides data on the existing giant bells cast at the beginning of the 21st century.

Construction of Multisensory Landscape and Integration of Soundscape, Smellscape and Lightscape in Traditional Chinese Gardens

This paper proposes the concept of multisensory landscape construction, pointing out that people’s perception and appreciation of a landscape is a process of overall impression and judgment formed with a combination of visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and even thermal and humid sense. Examples can be found in many famous traditional Chinese gardens. Around the West Lake area, there are famous soundscape scenic spots, e.g., Liu Lang Wen Ying (Orioles Singing in the Willows), Nan Ping Evening Bell (Evening Bell Ringing at the Nanping Hill), Zhejiang Qiu Tao (Autumn Wave of Zhejiang), and Jiu Li Song Tao (Wave of Pine Trees Lasts Nine Miles) . There are also some famous lightscape scenic spots, e.g., San Tan Ying Yue (Moon and Candlelight Mirrored in the Lake) and Ping Hu Qiu Yue (Moon over the Peaceful Lake in Autumn) . In terms of smellscape, in addition to the famous scenic spot Qu Yuan Feng He (Curved Yard and Lotus Pool in Summer), the West Lake area is also widely planted with osmanthus and other fragrant plants, forming a smellscape in which "late autumn is fragrant with osmanthus flowers and lotus in bloom for miles and miles." At Humble Administrator Garden, there are soundscape scenic spots such as Wu Zhu You Ju (Secluded Residence among Bamboo Bushes) and Liu Ting Ge (Pavilion to Pause and Listen); there are smellscape scenic spots such as the Orchid Field, the Magnolia Courtyard, the Panicum Pavilion, etc.; lightscape scenic spots such as Liu Ying Ge (Hall of Reflecting Shadows) and Ta Ying Ting (Pavilion of Shadow of Tower) can also be found there. In Chengde Summer Resort, there are soundscape scenic spots such as Wan He Song Feng (Wind of Ten Thousand Ravines and Pines) and lightscape scenic spots such as Xi Ling Chen Xia (Morning Sunset on West Ridge), etc.; smellscape scenic spots such as Qu Shui Hua Xiang (Fragrance of Flowers in the Curved Water) and Yuan Xiang Tang (Hall of Fragrance of Far Away) can also be found.The above classic cases eloquently prove that the creation of multisensory landscape and the integration of them are the valuable experience in traditional Chinese gardens, which play an important role in the achievement of famous landscape.Therefore, the design of landscape must pay attention to the creation and integration of soundscape, smellscape and lightscape. Another key point of the theory of multisensory landscape construction is that it is necessary to pay attention to both spatial and temporal dimensions so that the constructed landscape can be enjoyed everywhere and at all time periods. In this regard, the creation of the three-scape (specifically refer to soundscape, smellscape and lightscape) can also highlight their regional and temporal characteristics. By analyzing some classic cases of traditional Chinese gardens, this paper proposes that the construction of multisensory landscape and the integration of soundscape, smellscape and lightscape are the valuable experience in traditional Chinese gardens, which are also important for the achievement of famous landscapes and are excellent traditions that we should vigorously inherit and carry forward.

Effectiveness of NEPIL (Pain, Elimination, Position, Infusion and Environment) Nursing Rounding Implementation on Patient Satisfaction Level: Literature Review

Introduction: This study is conducted to determine the effectiveness of Nursing Rounding Implementation on the level of patient satisfaction. Nursing Rounding can also reduce the incidence of falls, plebitis rates and bell ringing if done correctly. Objective: Nursing Rounding has an impact on patient satisfaction. Nursing Rounding can also reduce the incidence of falls, plebhitis rates and bell ringing if done properly. Method: literature review uses journals identified from Pubmed, EBSCO, crossref, Pro Quest and Google Scholar. Result: The results of the 17 journals taken from 2018-2023 state that Nursing Rounding can increase patient satisfaction rates, improve patient safety quality, reduce the incidence of plebhitis, reduce the number of bell calls and reduce the incidence of falls. Conclusion: Nursing Rounding is a systematic process used by professional health care providers to anticipate and address the fundamental needs of patients, especially in the treatment room. Nursing Rounding uses NEPIL systematics, namely pain, elimination, position, infusion, Possesion, and patient environment to improve patient satisfaction.

Evaluation of Quiet Quitting: Is the Bell Ringing?

This study empirically explores the concept of Quite Quitting (QQ), which is defined as the factors that prevent teachers from feeling a sense of belonging to their profession despite their efforts in school settings. It also identifies the reasons why teachers do not feel engaged in their profession and the types of disengagement behaviors they exhibit. In this research, mixed research methods were employed, among which the exploratory sequential design was utilized. The design comprised two phases, the first being phenomenology with 32, and the second being the quantitative phase with 484 teachers in the Eskişehir region of Turkiye. The results provided evidence that although the QQ phenomenon was a post-pandemic trauma that occurred especially in Generation Z, the findings showed that QQ had very different dimensions in Turkiye and that its origins were deeper. The interpretation followed the four factors of QQ: management factors, social factors, economic factors, and factors that affected teachers' well-being. As aftereffects, teachers showed emotional distance, simurg effect, apathy, and revenge from the student. The conclusions and recommendations were discussed.

Reverberating Silence: The Termination of Bells and Bell Ringing as an Exercise of Political Power

ABSTRACT The personal and community identity of many areas of greater Europe has been interwoven with religious practice, with the ringing of church bells often dictating the quotidian rhythms of life. The symbolism of churches and church bells can be likened to that of monuments, with the erection of bell towers and the installation of bells engendering certain political powers, both in the secular and sacred realm. Just as the creation of an auditory marker can be deemed a political tool, the cessation or absence of this marker can be similarly considered political in nature. This document will examine the termination of bells and bell ringing as an exercise of political power either as symbolic acts of conquest or through purely utilitarian reasons, and consider the restitution of bells as a further symbolic exercise of political power by the victors and an act of contrition by the vanquished. Finally, it will discuss how the historical imposition of the silencing of meaningful sounds may have heritage implications in the modern world.

The Use of Bell Ringers in Improving Students’ Academic Performance

Aims: To determine the impact of the Bell Ringers in Science classroom.
 Study Design: Quantitative method through interviews.
 Place and Duration of Study: Monkayo College of Arts, Science, and Technology in the 2nd semester of School Year 2023-2024.
 Methodology: The participants of the study were purposely chosen. The researchers identified the least learned competencies which became the basis for developing the Bell Ringers during the midterm period. Bell Ringers were prepared ahead of time. After the implementation of the Bell Ringers, students’ feedback and suggestions were solicited through interviews. Data gathered were analyzed into themes.
 Results: Evidently, students exhibited heightened engagement, focus, and mental preparedness for lessons, resulting in improved knowledge retention. Furthermore, the incorporation of Bell Ringers facilitated effective classroom management for teachers, affording improved time utilization and fostering meaningful individual interactions with students. As a formative assessment tool, Bell Ringers not only bolstered students' familiarity with concepts but also nurtured concentration, self-discipline, interaction, productivity, and positive attitudes. The constructive effects of Bell Ringers were discernibly mirrored in the student's exam results.
 Conclusion: Integration of Bell Ringers into instructional practices is a universally beneficial approach spanning diverse subjects and grade levels. It presents a strategic means to captivate students, establishing a conducive learning atmosphere at the outset of each class and ultimately contributing to elevated academic performance.

‘Exeter Riddle 4’ and Two Other Bell Riddles

ABSTRACT In early medieval England, the ringing of bells served a wide range of functions. This article argues that a detailed understanding of bells and their everyday use can help to explain the intricate narratives and elaborate language of three Latin and Old English riddles. The first, the late antique ‘Riddle 80’ by Symphosius, describes a dinner bell and the idle chatter of a drunken party. The second, Tatwine of Canterbury’s ‘Riddle 7’, presents a funeral bell hanging in a tower as a deposed emperor who is hung and beaten. The third, the well-known ‘Exeter Riddle 4’, presents an everyday monastic bell as if it were an obedient monk, and it casts their relationship as interdependent and symbiotic. The bell solution has been heavily disputed. However, when the riddle is read alongside the rich context of monastic culture, and with careful attention to linguistic detail, this solution is confirmed.

Selahaddin'in Mısırlı Hristiyanlara Karşı Sert Muamelesine İlişkin Eleştirel ve Analitik Bir Çalışma

Sultan Salah al-Din (d.1193 CE) was a model of gallantry for many Muslim and non-Muslim historians and scholars alike. He was kind to Crusader women and humane to captured high-ranking prisoners. His attitude towards Christians was substantially distinct from the Crusaders’ attitude towards Muslims, and his treatment of Christians and non-Muslims in Islamicjerusalem was marked by tolerance, respect, and generosity. Nonetheless, according to some Muslim and non-Muslim historians, Salah al-Din’s relations with Egyptian Christians started off on the wrong foot and then deteriorated further. For example, Coptic historian Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa‘ stated that churches in Egypt were severely damaged, particularly after Salah al-Din became wazir in 1169 CE, and at the start of his Ayyubid sultanate. He also stated that on Salah al-Din’s orders, all wooden crosses atop basilica domes and churches in Egypt were removed, and churches with white exteriors were painted black. Furthermore, the ringing of bells was prohibited throughout the country, and Christians were not permitted to pray in public and so forth. Surprisingly, Salah al-Din’s hostility towards Christians did not continue for long; after about five years (1174 CE), Salah al-Din showed tolerance towards Egyptian Christians. He was generous to them and other non-Muslims in the surrounding areas, and granted them certain privileges. This paper seeks to critically examine Salah al-Din’s attitude towards Egyptian Christians and why that attitude later changed. It will attempt to answer the following questions: Why did Salah al-Din impose such severe restrictions on Egyptian Christians? and whether his treatment of Egypt’s Christians was related to the Crusaders' occupation of Islamicjerusalem?

The feast of October under the bell ringing

The feast of October under the bell ringing

London Surprise Major

Bell ringing in Britain has featured in sociohistorical studies, but it has never been analyzed in detail as a variety of mass spectacle. The practice takes especially interesting forms in London, a city where the ringing of church bells has been part of everyday life for centuries. Grounded in physics, economics, and human geography, ringing is a unique kind of immersive site-specific performance, whose significance is best understood through pivoting to topography and history.

The Materiality of the Religious Soundscape: Bells and Bell Casting in Lebanon

ABSTRACT This article looks at bells and bell casting in Lebanon from the eighteenth to the twentieth century. The topic, which has not received much scholarly attention, sheds light on a fascinating aspect of the material culture of the Christian communities in Lebanon. Through a combination of written sources and artifacts the article traces the history of bells and their production in the territory of the Republic of Lebanon. The core of the study is a catalog of ten bells, found in churches and monasteries across Lebanon, which were examined in 2020. Because of their location—usually on top of bell towers/gables—these musical instruments cannot be surveyed easily. Their analysis is a remarkable opportunity to visualize the materiality of bell ringing and its evolution throughout a period of about 200 years.

Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Jepang Dalam Perspektif Islam Di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Kota Kediri

This research contains the process of implementing Japanese character education at MAN 2 Kediri City. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research. The information collection technique in this research is through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research prove that some MAN 2 Kediri City students have not implemented their character education in their daily life at school. Some other students have implemented their character education, such as coming to school on time, regularly attending group prayers, having a respectful and polite attitude towards teachers or older people. The characters possessed by each student are an attitude of never giving up, being able to work well with friends, and having a high enthusiasm for learning which can be proven when the students will take part in high school/MA and national level competitions. The students are always enthusiastic about practicing from the time the school bell rings until the school bell rings. Globally, it can be said that MAN 2 Kediri City students have superior personalities so they are able to become the nation's next generation of quality.

"It is when the bells ring that the saints are called": For an Afro-Brazilian Ethnomusicology

"It is when the bells ring that the saints are called": For an Afro-Brazilian Ethnomusicology

What time does the bell ring? Problems and potentialities in experiences of temporality in school

This paper problematizes the experience of temporality in school education and explores its potentialities, examining the implications for educational justice in and for qualitative research. In a first stage, we develop a pars destruens of how the experience of temporality takes place as a transversal dimension of school activities. Using phenomenological perspective as theoretical and critical lens, we show that the objective of this approach is to organize time and experience in a standardized, contradictory, and tense manner; at the same time, we describe a pars construens of the experience of temporality, endowed with a horizon of possibilities: the school as free time that contributes to questioning certain aspects in relation to temporality as a project of progress in education, without failures, without different rhythms. These approaches propose a link between experience of temporality and educational justice that we discuss in the conclusion.

Improving Teacher Work Motivation Through Academic Supervision In SDN Sendangmulyo 04 Semarang City

This study is motivated by the low motivation of SDN Sendangmulyo 04 Semarang City teachers. The research aims to improve teachers’ work motivation through the results of academic supervision. One of the principal’s main tasks is as a supervisor. Therefore, supervision results can be used to improve teachers’ work motivation. Measurement is done through (1) attendance 15 minutes before the bell rings, (2) assessment in the learning process, (3) completeness of teacher administration, and (4) activeness in school activities. This research used a school action research method consisting of 2 cycles. The results of this study compare cycle I and cycle II and the teacher performance questionnaire. Based on the value of the results from cycle I showed that there were 20 teachers present 15 minutes before the bell rang, there were 12 teachers (41.38%), 14 teachers in the PBM process were still low (58.28%), there were 15 teachers had complete administration (51.72%), and there were still 17 teachers who were active in school activities (58.63%). In cycle II, 24 teachers where present 15 minutes before the bell rang (82.76%), 26 learning supervision scores increased (89.66%), 22 teachers had complete administration (75.87%), and 20 teachers were active in school activities (68.97%). After comparing the results from cycle, I and cycle II, there was an increase in teacher motivation in their performance. Academic supervision can increase teachers’ work motivation. The implications of increasing teacher motivation can improve student learning outcomes.

Pengaruh Pendidikan Karakter Islam Terhadap Kedisiplinan Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Students who already have knowledge of Islamic character education should be able to apply discipline. But in reality there are still students who lack discipline. This study aims to find out how Islamic character education affects student discipline at the 010 Mumpa Public Elementary School, Tempuling district. The population in this study were 145 students with a sample of 59 people. Data collection techniques through questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis technique with a simple regression statistical test. The results of data analysis on the Influence of Islamic Character Education, at 84% on Student Discipline, at 87% obtained the results F count ≥ F table = 5.58 ≥ 4.02 then Ho is rejected means there is a positive and significant influence between Character Education on Student Discipline. While the results of the interviews show; (1) In general, character education is very good, (2). Student discipline is generally good, seen from students coming to school before the bell rings, neatly dressed (3). Islamic character education has an influence on student discipline. As students behave respectfully towards teachers, violations of discipline have begun to decrease. (4). The obstacles are students who have bad behavior which can sometimes affect other students, and the lack of attention from parents.

TEACHER’S RULES IN MANAGING STUDENTS’ MISBEHAVIOR AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN PADANG

In this research, the researcher has some purposes. First, the researcher wants to analyze the kinds of students' misbehavior found in English class. Second, the researcher wants to know the teachers' rules for the student's misbehavior. The data of this research will collect through the observation checklist and interview. The researcher analyzed six kinds of students’ misbehavior, namely not paying attention to the teacher while teaching, chatting with friends during the learning process in class, sleep when the teacher explains the material, not doing the assignments given by the teacher, late for class when teachers have started the lesson, and does not record lessons given by the teacher. Then the researcher found five teachers' rules for students' misbehavior in the english class yaitu when the bell rings students enter the classroom, if students leave they are only allowed one at a time, students are prohibited from sleeping during class hours, take turns reading the qur'an 1 to 4 students, and no eating in class

Погребальный звон в центральной части России и в Сибири: преемственность и различия

The traditional Orthodox funeral knells in Siberia are an understudied topic requiring thorough investigation. After the Siberians had gained a rich cultural and spiritual experience of the Russian Orthodoxy, they developed it in accordance with local traditions. First of all, the Siberian bishops, who often had liturgical practice in central Russia, were the bearers of the experience. Before coming to Siberia, funeral knells evolved from single strikes in a special bell to change ringing in all the bells followed by a chord, and their two-part form was developed. A rhythmic pattern of funeral knells for the laity, priests and bishops had its own features. The performance of funeral knells for the Siberians could have a status of a posthumous award at the end of a saintly life; one could be also disappointed of the award in case of a formal attitude to the Church. The resettlers from the Little Russia had a special influence on the performance of funeral knells in Siberia in the early 20th century by introducing their own customs in resettlement villages. One of them was the ringing “for the soul”, unknown in Siberia, which was performed immediately after the death of a layman. The funeral knells for the laity were officially permitted in Siberia in 1911, however people had been used them even before that time in some regions of central Russia. Funeral knells fit into the general palette of Orthodox church bell ringing, acting, at the same time, as a signal, an art and a mass medium. The liturgical instructions survived to our days are fragmentary. The attitude to funeral knells shall be rethought in the modern liturgical practice.

Implementation of Moral Aqidah Learning on Student Discipline

This article examines the impact of the implementation of moral aqidah learning outcomes on student discipline. The problem in this paper is: how is the subject of Aqidah Akhlak taught at MTs Daarul Qur'an Pajalele, Tellusiatinge District, Bone Regency? How is the discipline in the class of students at MTs Daarul Qur'an Pajalele, Tellusiatinge District, Bone Regency? And how are the results of moral learning implemented in the formation of discipline in the class of students at MTs Daarul Qur'an Pajalele, Tellusiatinge District, Bone Regency? To answer these problems, researchers conducted qualitative research with educational, psychological, and sociological approaches. The data collection methods are in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. Meanwhile, data analysis is carried out in inductive, deductive, and comparative forms. The results of the research show that the implementation of Aqidah Akhlak learning outcomes in the formation of discipline in the class of students at MTs Daarul Qur'an Pajalele, Tellusiatinge District, Bone Regency, is not significant. Because student discipline in class is still lacking, for example, arriving late, still talking when the teacher explains, and there are still students who are late entering when the bell rings. Meanwhile, one of the objectives of learning Aqidah Akhlak is to form the character of students who are obedient and respectful to teachers.