Belief In Myths Research Articles

Javanese Women's Experiences during the First Pregnancy.

Women experience physical, hormonal, and psychological changes during pregnancy. Similarly, some traditions are prevalent among Javanese women, which could affect their pregnancy. The experiences of first-time pregnant women in this area remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of women during their first pregnancy. The qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted in Kesambon village in Malang Regency, Indonesia. Eight women in their third trimester were selected purposively. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and subsequently open-coded using the NVivo-12 software manufactured by the QS International. The participants were married primigravida women aged 17 to 22 years. Four themes emerged as follows: pregnancy is a positive experience, pregnant women are not independent, belief in pregnancy-related myths and traditions, and pregnancy-related information seeking. During the first pregnancy, pregnant women believed and practiced Javanese traditions regarding pregnancy. Although they were happy, they were still dependent and lacked the motivation to seek pregnancy-related information. Hence, midwives should provide them with adequate pregnancy-related information while addressing harmful myths and misconceptions. This should culminate in a successful pregnancy.

The Value of Honor Society Participation: Is There a Relationship Between Honor Society Participation and Belief in Psychological Myths?

Psychological myths have become so widespread in both the general public as well as higher education undergraduate communities that it has been damaging to the psychology field (Gaze, 2014; Kowalski & Taylor, 2009; Meinz et al., 2022). Factors such as education, belief in psychology as a science, and their confidence in their myth beliefs (myth confidence) have previously been examined in relation to myth endorsement (Bensley & Lilienfeld, 2015; Richardson & Lacroix, 2021). However, there has been no previous research focusing on the connection between honor society membership and myth belief. The present study examined whether honor society participation could predict to myth belief. To better understand be-lief in psychological misconceptions, this study also measured the participants’ belief in psychology as a science and confidence in myth beliefs. Understanding myth belief predictors may help psychologists mitigate the spread of psychological myths. A total of 972 participants from 2-year colleges across the United States were recruited to take a survey regarding psychological myths. We compared myth belief, belief in psychology as a science, and myth score confidence between two groups: honor society members (N = 129) and non-honor society members (N = 807). Non-honor society members identified significantly fewer myths than honors society members, were less confident when correctly identifying myths than honor society members and had lower belief in psychology as a science than honor society members. These findings suggest that honor society membership may be a predictor of myth detection. This finding is possibly due to honor society eligibility requirements, such as grades and credits taken. Our results may be useful in developing academic interventions to prevent psychological myth belief.

Quantifying the Pervasive: How Widely Held Are Psychological Misconceptions Among Undergraduate Students?

Psychological misconceptions are widely held ideas that contradict current psychological research (Bensley et al., 2020). Belief in such myths contributes to introductory psychology students’ overconfidence of their prior knowledge (Bensley et al., 2015), limiting student engagement and comprehension. The present study sought to identify the prevalence and extent of community college students’ belief in psychological misconceptions in hopes of guiding educational efforts to combat these notions. Students completed an online questionnaire in a proctored environment (most typically while seated in a computer lab or classroom having Wi-Fi available), in which they were presented 14 myths and asked to label them as true or false. After rating each myth, participants were prompted to rate their confidence in their previous answer. The three main hypotheses were 1) there would be a negative correlation between the number of college psychology courses students completed and their myth belief scores, 2) psychology majors would endorse fewer myths than non-psychology majors, and 3) students who believe psychology is a science would believe in fewer myths. The first two hypotheses were not supported. However, there was a significant correlation identified for the third hypothesis. The generalizability of these findings is limited by a disproportionate number of female participants and a lack of ethnic and age diversity. Future research should replicate this study with a more diverse pool of participants. These findings suggest that instructors design interventions to target myths in the psychology courses they teach.

The Role of Sociodemographic Factors and Reflective/Critical Thinking in the Belief of Psychological Misconceptions Among Community College Students

Misinformation has become a pervasive issue in society. In relation to human behavior and cognitive processes, psychological myths can have detrimental effects by distorting our perceptions. This study employed correlational and regression analyses with 86 community college students in Southern California to examine the relationships between sociodemographic factors, belief in psychological myths, as well as the relationship between belief strength on reflective and critical thinking measures. Correlational analyses revealed significant associations between belief in psychological myths and identification with various sociodemographic factors. Findings suggest that certain demographic characteristics may be associated with stronger inclination to believe in psychological misconceptions. There was no relationship between our measure of critical thinking and endorsement of psychological myths. Results from this study suggest a number of implications for higher education. For example, educators can design curriculum to specifically address misconceptions, foster critical thinking, and promote accurate understanding of psychological phenomena. Providing opportunities for critical thinking in higher education may be beneficial in mitigating misinformation and cultivating accurate perceptions of human behavior. Findings from the current study highlight the importance of promoting critical thinking in educational contexts to combat the spread and perpetuation of myths and misinformation, ultimately leading to a more informed and discerning society.

Cultural motifs in Blaan flalok: Revitalization of oral lore for preservation, development, and sustainability

This study analyzes the culture of the Blaan indigenous peoples (IPs) in General Santos, Sarangani, and South Cotabato, Philippines, as reflected in their flalok (oral lore). Utilizing qualitative-descriptive methods, it discusses patterns of traditional beliefs in myths, legends, and folktales as retold by Blaan ancestors. Thompson’s Motif-Index Theory was used to codify recurring concepts in selected Blaan folk narratives. Frequent Blaan cultural motifs in the flalok include familial relationships, domestic work, tribal war, competitions, animal trapping, and agricultural farming. The research contributes to the continuous enrichment of Philippine Studies and delineates Mindanao Studies as a significant aspect of that work. It provides a reference for cultural workers, researchers, and academics to understand how the lives and works of Mindanaoan Tri-people (IPs, Bangsamoro, and Christian settlers) sustain broader Filipino cultural perspectives. Specifically, it provides more inclusive starting points for enduring cultural motifs to be part of the broader cultural appreciation reflected in Philippine theater, film, creative writing, dance, music, and other arts.

"When you get the HPV vaccine, it will prevent cervical cancer; it will act as a shield": adolescent girls' knowledge and perceptions regarding the human papillomavirus vaccine in Zambia.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is an important preventive measure for HPV-related conditions such as cervical cancer. In 2019, Zambia introduced a free national HPV vaccination program for 14-year-old girls. However, the adolescents' knowledge and perceptions regarding the HPV vaccine are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to understand adolescent girls' knowledge and perceptions regarding the HPV vaccine and discuss its acceptability and uptake implications. We conducted a qualitative study in the Lusaka district between June 2021 and November 2021 using semi-structured interviews with adolescent girls aged 15-18 years regardless of their HPV vaccination status. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and NVIVO 12 was used for data management and analysis. We coded transcripts deductively and inductively based on emerging themes. Perceptions were coded using the health belief model constructs. We interviewed 30 adolescent girls to reach saturation. Seventeen girls reported having received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Participants expressed variable knowledge and awareness about HPV and the HPV vaccine. Participants exhibited positive attitudes towards the HPV vaccine and perceived it as beneficial. However, there were multiple perceived barriers to vaccination, such as the need for parental consent, not being in school, concerns about vaccine side effects, and belief in myths and misinformation. The adolescent girls in this study showed variable knowledge and positive attitudes toward the HPV vaccine despite the many perceived barriers. To support increased HPV vaccine acceptability and uptake among adolescent girls in Zambia, it is critical to actively engage stakeholders involved in HPV vaccination, such as adolescents and their parents, and debunk myths and misconceptions about HPV vaccination. Health education in schools and communities should be implemented to increase knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccination among adolescents and their parents.

The Representation of Hare Onna in Anime Tenki No Ko By Makoto Shinkai

Anime is one of the media for Japanese society to convey messages. The messages are in the form of cultural values and myths that develop and originate from traditional Japanese culture. Belief in myths continues to grow, even influencing Japanese culture, art and literature. One of the myths that is still believed by Japanese people is the existence of "kami" (gods). Most Japanese people adhere to the Shinto religion and believe in Kami. We are all things that smell sacred in the surrounding natural environment. One of the “kami” that the Japanese people believe in is the Fox God Inari. The Fox God Inari is the god of virtue and fertility. Japanese people also believe in Hare Onna. Hare Onna who has the power to change rainy weather to sunny and is the messenger of God Inari. The existence of this Hare Onna can be seen in the anime Tenki no Ko by Makoto Shinkai. This study aims to reveal how the actors of the story, and the setting represent the Hare Onna by using the analytical descriptive research method and Stuart Hall's representation theory. The results of the study show that the actors of the story and the setting of the story represent the strong desire of the Japanese people to turn bad weather into sunny so that their activities can run smoothly and bring prosperity to the surrounding environment through the presence of Hare Onna.

Belief in vaccine myths and vaccine uptake in Utah during the COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionSince its emergence in December 2019, COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths worldwide. While vaccines are largely available in most places, including the United States (U.S.), vaccine uptake is lower than is desirable from a public health perspective. ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to examine belief in vaccine myths, including what individual and place characteristics underpin such beliefs, and uptake of vaccines – as well as the role of belief in myths in obtaining the COVID-19 vaccine. MethodsWe use weighted survey data from an online panel of 529 Utah adult residents. ResultsSixty-nine percent of our sample was fully vaccinated at the time of taking the survey. We find that belief in vaccine myths varies among Utahns, with the highest percentage seeing the vaccines as unsafe because of their rapid development. Those who are older, are more religious (including members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), have less formal education, and are more conservative were more likely to have medium and/or higher levels of belief in vaccine myths. We find that belief in vaccine myths is associated with lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake, even when controlling for other factors. ConclusionUnderstanding what drives vaccination uptake, including the role of belief in emerging vaccine myths, is important for public health measures in this and future outbreaks.

Predictors of Belief in Sexual Myths: An Examination in Terms of Gender, Demographic Characteristics, Religiosity, and Childhood Trauma

Objectives Sexual myths are exaggerated beliefs that have no scientific basis. Buying into these beliefs can lead to any number of sexual dysfunctions and decreased quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to uncover the factors associated with sexual myths and to provide remedial services for anyone struggling with them. Methods This study was conducted to determine the variables affecting sexual myths. Gender, demographic variables (family type, region of residence, and talking about sexuality with parents), religiosity, and childhood trauma were included as independent variables in the study. A total of 375 teacher candidates participated in the study. Data was collected using a personal information form, Sexual Myths Scale, Religiosity Scale, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results Descriptive analyses and linear multiple regression analysis were used in the study, and both adherence to sexual myths and experienced childhood trauma were found to be high in the teacher candidates who did not talk about sexuality with their families. Conclusions The results of the analysis showed that gender and religiosity were significant predictors of sexual myths. The findings were discussed in light of the literature.

The roles of chaplains in dispelling cancer myths in Nigeria: A narrative review.

The epidemiological burden of cancer in Africa, and Nigeria in particular, has been increasing significantly over the past few decades due to exposure to numerous risk factors as well as belief in various myths and misconceptions. Chaplains can play crucial roles in dispelling these myths and misconceptions about cancer among people. Therefore, this study seeks to review the epidemiological burden, risk factors, and myths relating to cancer and the roles of chaplains in dispelling cancer myths in Nigeria. This paper is a narrative review that relied on secondary sources obtained through a thorough literature search of relevant articles on multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Published books, journal articles, and other published materials that were written in English were consulted in line with the objectives of this study. Both theoretical and empirical papers were used for this review. Cancers are associated with risk factors including exposure to chemicals, ultraviolet radiation, harmful tobacco and alcohol use, exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV), and these factors may vary with age, cultural beliefs (myths and misconceptions), and socioeconomic factors among others. Chaplains, however, have crucial roles to play in dispelling cancer myths in Nigeria. These roles include counseling, advocacy, education, and psycho-social support which may be limited by challenges such as spiritual ambiguity, inadequate training of healthcare providers and limited time/resources. These challenges can be addressed by training healthcare providers and incorporating chaplain practice in Nigerian healthcare. The role of chaplains in dispelling cancer myths in Nigeria is crucial despite the numerous challenges. Hence, an urgent address of these challenges will be instrumental in ensuring effective chaplain practice in Nigeria.

Perception Towards Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Among Women of Reproductive Age: Analysis of Nationwide Surveys in India.

The knowledge of HIV prevention, attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLHIV), and beliefs in myths related to HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age group in India hold immense importance. As this group is particularly vulnerable to HIV infection, having accurate knowledge about prevention methods is crucial to protect themselves and their partners. Positive attitudes towards PLHIV foster support, reduce stigma and encourage early testing and treatment. Additionally, debunking myths and misconceptions surrounding HIV/AIDS can help dispel fear and promote informed decision-making. Empowering women with comprehensive knowledge, fostering positive attitudes, and debunking myths can contribute to effective HIV prevention strategies, reduce transmission rates, and improve women's overall well-being in India. Our objective was to create a regression model to show disparities in knowledge of the prevention of HIV/AIDS, attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS, and belief in myths among women in India with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for different socio-demographic factors, and to determine if there are any significant changes in the aOR during both surveys. A comparative study using secondary data analysis of two complex sample surveys. Individual Recode files from datasets obtained from Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) Program were exported to STATA v17.0 MP by STATA Corp LLC. Dependent and independent variables were chosen based on a literature review and computed. The design-adjusted chi-square test was used to assess the association between variables. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to derive a model. The model assessment was performed using the Wald test after estimation. The age group of 15-19 years had the highest odds of having sufficient knowledge of the prevention of HIV/AIDS during both National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) (aOR: 1.98 during NFHS-4 and aOR: 1.80 during NFHS-5). No education group had the highest odds of negative attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS during both surveys (aOR: 4.85 during NFHS-4 and aOR: 2.69 during NFHS-5). Rural areas had higher odds of believing in myths related to HIV/AIDS during both surveys (aOR: 1.07 during NFHS-4 and aOR: 1.13 during NFHS-5). This research study sheds light on the significant relationship between demographic factors and knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to HIV/AIDS among women. Specifically, women in the lower age group, lacking education, and residing in rural areas exhibited substantial levels of inadequate knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS prevention. Furthermore, this group was also associated with higher proportions of negative attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS and a greater tendency to believe in myths associated with HIV/AIDS.

Conspiracy Theories of Human Trafficking: Knowledge and Perceptions Among a Diverse College Population

ABSTRACT This is the first study to assess belief in myths and conspiracy theories about human trafficking (HT) among a diverse college student population. Four hundred and three college students (74% Latinx and 70% females) from a Hispanic serving institute in the southeast U.S. participated in a study to assess the extent to which they endorse HT myths and conspiracy theories, the role of identity factors in HT myth and conspiratorial beliefs, and overall HT knowledge. Results indicate that many endorsed myths of HT, had limited HT training and mixed levels of HT knowledge, and most believed in at least one conspiracy theory. Men and younger adults were most susceptible to belief in conspiracy theories. Understanding the beliefs of this population and their past exposure to HT facts can further aid in planning educational interventions to raise awareness of HT, debunk conspiracy theories, help identify victims, and potentially prevent future victimization. Improving the efforts of anti-trafficking educational efforts and addressing conspiracy theories of HT contributes to UN Sustainable Development Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels.

The Myth of Maghrib Prohibition in "Sandekala" Film: Reception Analysis Toward Indonesian Audiences

This study aims to find out the meaning of student audiences in Jakarta and Tangerang on the mythical message of prohibiting going out at sunset (Maghrib) in the film "Sandekala".The research approach used the qualitative approach with the reception analysis method by Stuart Hall. Stuart Hall's Reception Analysis Theory (Encoding-Decoding) has a model with three categories: Dominant Position, Negotiated Position, and Oppositional Position. The data collection technique in this research used in-depth interviews with ten informants. The research results show the shared meaning of the mythical messages about the Maghrib exit ban in the film Sandekala is different. It happens because the decoding that informants produce varies according to factors of gender, age, religion, ethnicity and culture. There are other factors, such as the level of individual beliefs in myths in society, especially the Maghrib exit ban. The study concludes that ten informants and eight questions in this research obtained thirty-six shared meanings of Dominant Position, seventeen of Negotiated Position and twenty-seven of Oppositional position to the mythical messages of the Maghrib exit ban in the film Sandekala. In this study, as a whole, the most shared meaning is found in the dominant position. In other words, Jakarta and Tangerang students, as active audiences, can interpret the content and messages of the myth about the Maghrib exit ban in the Film Sandekala following what the text producer gave in the film.

The relationship between pregnant women and their spouses' belief in sexual myths during pregnancy, relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction

Aim: Pregnancy, birth and post-partum period is an important process in which many physiological, psychological and social changes are experienced by mothers and fathers. Pregnancy is also one of the periods when sexuality is most affected, and sexual dysfunctions are common during this period. The aim of this study is to investigate the sexuality and sexual myths of pregnant women and their partners.
 Material and Method: This research was conducted in an university hospital in Turkey with a total of 128 participants, 77 pregnant women and 51 spouses who agreed to participate.
 Results: There was a statistically significant relationship in terms of working status, having a history of miscarriage in the family, and sexual knowledge adequacy before marriage. Men's employment rate and pre-marital sexual knowledge adequacy status were higher than women. A statistically significant difference has been achieved in the "Sexuality/Attractivess" sub-dimension in Sexual Myths During Pregnancy Scale (SMDPS) and the "Avoidance" and "Communication" sub-dimensions in Glombock - Rust sexual satisfaction Scale (GRSSS). An inverse low correlation between sexual myths during pregnancy and GRSSS in men and low-level lineer relationship between GRSSS and Relationship Satisfaction Scale(RSSS) scores in women are detected.
 Conclusions: Exaggerated, false beliefs that are considered true but not actually related to sexuality, sexual myths negatively affect the relationship of couples. The prevalence of sexual myths during pregnancy will decrease and the impact on the quality of sexual life during pregnancy will be minimized by obtaining consultancy services.

Acehnese Local Wisdom Through the Lens of Acehnese Novelists During the Times of Political Conflict and Peace Agreement

Acehnese novelists have a role in expressing and preserving the socio-cultural conditions of the Acehnese people in Aceh, Indonesia, especially regarding the points of local wisdom in their works. This study deals with local wisdom as reflected in the novels by Acehnese novelists from 2005 to 2011, the times in which the Acehnese people endured the political conflict and peace agreement with the Indonesian government. It covers the aspects of forms and use of local wisdom embedded within the novels as narrated by the Acehnese authors in these rough times. It employed the qualitative-analytical method and content analysis technique. A number of nine selected novels written by Acehnese novelists and published between the years 2005-2011 were chosen for data analysis. The results showed that the local wisdom in the novels was categorized into four themes: (1) belief in myths, (2) preservation of historical values, (3) safeguarding traditional houses, and (4) the practice of greetings and nobility. This study has revealed the local wisdom believed and practiced by the Acehnese society through the novels. They take part in shaping the direction of society's life. These pearls of wisdom cover all sides of life to support a strong and bonded society.

The Relationship Between the Level of Belief in Sexual Myths and the Perception of Honor Towards Women in University Students

Amaç: Üniversite öğrencilerinin cinsel mitlere inanma düzeyi ile kadına yönelik namus anlayışı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
 Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı desene sahip çalışma Eylül- Kasım 2022 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örneklemini güç analizi sonucunda çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü ve dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 361 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Çalışma verilerinin toplanmasında literatür doğrultusunda hazırlanan tanıtıcı bilgi formu, Kadına İlişkin Namus Anlayışı Tutum Ölçeği (KİNATÖ) ve Cinsel Mitler Ölçeği (CMÖ) kullanılmıştır. 
 Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalamaları 20.18±2.19 yıl olarak bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin %85.3’ünün kadın olup %71.5’i cinsellik ile ilgili bilgi almıştır. Ayrıca %77.8’i cinsel deneyim yaşamamış olup %55.1’i evlilik öncesi cinsel deneyimin yaşanmaması gerektiğini düşünmektedir. Öğrencilerin CMÖ puan ortalamaları 57.48±15.31; KİNATÖ 108.19±14.22'dir. Evlilik öncesi cinsel deneyim yaşanabileceğini düşünen öğrencilerin KİNATÖ toplam puanları anlamlı olarak daha yüksek (p

Romantic myths and cyber dating violence victimization in Spanish adolescents: A moderated mediation model

Adolescents’ beliefs in romantic myths of love have been related to cyber dating violence victimization. However, these relationships could be mediated by adolescents’ tolerant attitudes toward dating abuse and be different for adolescent boys and girls. A better understanding of these relationships is important for developing more effective prevention programs. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the relationships between beliefs in romantic myths and cyber dating violence victimization in adolescents, analyzing the possible mediating role of tolerant attitudes toward abuse and the possible moderator role of gender. Participants were 467 Spanish adolescents who had a romantic relationship (54.4% girls; Mage = 15.09). Results showed positive significant direct and indirect relationships, through tolerant attitudes toward abuse, between beliefs in romantic myths and cyber dating violence victimization. Gender was not a moderator variable in the direct relationships, but its moderator role was supported in the indirect relationships. Stronger positive links between romantic myths and tolerant attitudes toward abuse, and between tolerant attitudes and cyber-control victimization, were found in adolescent girls. These findings highlight the need to consider tolerant attitudes toward abuse in intervention programs designed to prevent cyber dating violence victimization in adolescents and continue to analyze gender differences in variables related to cyber dating violence victimization.

Mind Mapping of Consumers : A Study to Explore the Role of Religion

This paper aimed to explore the religious practices adopted by Hindu consumers and reveal the significant decisions affected by following these practices. With culture, decisions differ, so an effort was made to understand why these religious practices were adopted. It was empirical research for which an open-ended semi-structured questionnaire was used. Hindu consumers filled out the questionnaire in a face-to-face interaction. Responses from 30 individuals were collected in descriptive form. NVivo 12 software was used to analyze the data. The word cloud and themes indicated that many religious practices were followed during festivals and other religious events. Consumers follow religious practices at festivals, weekdays, and other events. We observed that major decisions affected by adopting these religious practices were consumption, purchasing, services, and color preference. Consumers’ religious beliefs influenced all decisions. They followed religious practices due to their belief in God, religion, family teachings, myths, superstitions, health concerns, and family pressure. This study could be generalized by quantifying it in future research. The study also provided insights to companies about the significant role of religious practices in consumer decision-making. Companies can understand the religious practices followed and create a better consumer experience. The study was limited to Indian Hindu consumers, so an analysis of other religions is needed. The study is unique, providing a new perspective on understanding Hindu consumers.

PRINCE SAMUDRA'S TOMB AS A GROWTH GENERATOR FOR GUNUNG KEMUKUS SETTLEMENT IN SRAGEN REGENCY

The Javanese have many traditions, which illustrate that the Javanese or Javanese people in achieving their expectations are not enough just to work and pray, but there are other ways such as ritual efforts that are carried out based on their belief in various myths and the history of places considered sacredness that develops in society. One of the ritual places and has a strong mythical belief is the tomb of Prince Samudra on Gunung Kemukus, Pendem Village, Sumberlawang District, Sragen Regency, Central Java. This hill (mountain of cubes), there is the tomb of Prince Samudra, Nyai Ontrowulan and his servants. The Javanese people, especially the people around them, have a belief that the tombs are considered sacred. Then the community began to build houses and live around the tomb. The habit of people seeking blessings through the tradition of ngalap blessing, which is an activity to seek goodness from an essence, object or something that is considered by humans to have benefits and goodness, or seeking barakah (ngalap blessing) or other words "tabarruk". This tomb is also a destination for the ngalap blessing ritual by the surrounding community and from the people on the island of Java. More and more community visits have led to the growth of settlements around the tomb, where previously there were no settlements, only hills. Based on the results of research, the existence of Prince Samudra's tomb is a generator for the emergence of settlements.

THE IMAGE OF A SCHOOLBOY IN THE B. OKUDZHAVA’S WAR PROSE

The article analyzes the history and poetics of Okudzhava’s war prose and its role in modern literature. Particular attention is paid to the image of the schoolboy character, which structures the text. The author reflects on his orientation towards classical literature and the creators of “lieutenant prose,” but treats the past with an emphatically apprentice attitude. This trusting intonation is inherited by his autobiographical protagonist, whose image emphasises the features of a private individual, an amateur. The figure of the schoolboy combines contradictory features: courage and naivety, belief in myths and fairy tales, as well as inner weariness and self-irony dictated by the author’s position. A special place is held by the story “Be Well, Schoolboy,” which is structured according to the soliloquy principle, when the hero’s self-discovery takes place, the war becomes an initiation and a test of the book truths “about feats, about glory,” which are alienated when confronted with the chaos of reality. The author demonstrates the gap between the perception of the schoolboy by those around him and his self-perception, which opens up an ambiguous and ironic perspective. The motifs of the “naked man,” the Other, Mercurianism and the labyrinth, which converge in the image of the schoolboy hero, have become the key concepts in these texts. The traditional paradigm of the “little man,” whose home is an overcoat, is apparent behind the character of Okudzhava’s prose. A peculiar result of the author’s reflections on the war is the rejection of the epic tradition of the classics. Instead, the schoolboy inherits the old spoon of the “eternal soldier” Shongin, becoming a part of his destiny, so commonplace in its tragic nature. The most important role in the representation of the battle theme is played by the cultural centrism paradigm, which helps to include the traumatic, horrible experience of war in the memory and post-memory space.