Moral Beliefs Research Articles

Tourists’ ethically responsible participation in animal-based tourism: A configurational impact assessment

Ethical concerns about animal-based tourism are raising ongoing attention from the international community, and investigation of tourists’ ethically responsible behaviors in animal eco-tourism is limited. This study investigated the formation of ethically responsible behaviors by integrating constituents from the value-belief-norm (VBN) theory, the norm-activation model (NAM), and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), including biospheric value, altruistic value, ethical beliefs, awareness of ethical issues, ascribed responsibility, personal norm, attitude, social norm, and behavioral intentions with regard to animal-based tourism. The cultural involvement of Confucian harmony and media coverage were found to positively influence awareness of ethical issues. The proposed research framework was further optimized by identifying a moderator, described as perceptions of animal protection. Methodologically, along with structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, this study also used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to evaluate asymmetric configurations (causal recipes) and necessary conditions for predicting different levels of behavioral intentions in animal-based tourism.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ КУЛЬТУРНО-ЕТИЧНИХ ЗАСАД УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ ВІДНОСИН У ПУБЛІЧНОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ

The article reveals the basics of the cultural and ethical foundations of managerial relations in public administration, describes the culture of managerial relations in the public administration system elucidates the basic foundations of the ethical foundations of managerial relations in the public administration system. It is noted that the European integration progress of Ukraine requires the formation of a new generation of employees who would act in accordance with European standards of management, moral and ethical norms of European society, correspond to modern trends in the political, economic arena, social realities and be able to observe a fundamentally new order of organizational and management interactions. The specifics of compliance with ethical and moral principles and the main components of the management culture of civil servants are determined: ethical beliefs, moral qualities (sense of responsibility, conscience, uncompromisingness), moral habits, abilities and actions, etc. The general characteristics of the culture of the social environment in which the personality of the civil servant is formed and the culture of the society in which his official activity is carried out are revealed, which determine the content of value orientation in the process of performing professional duties and general moral guidelines. It has been established that the key point for building professional ethics is awareness of the purpose of the profession in society, the social functions that professionals must perform – awareness of the mission of the profession. Such a mission for civil servants is the principle of service to the people – the semantic core around which the system of cultural and ethical professional value orientations of public managers should be built. Directions for improving the cultural and ethical foundations of managerial relations in public administration at the organizational and personal levels are proposed.

The Impact of Religion on the Development of Morality

This review explored the relationship between morality and religion. Morality is an essential aspect to a peaceful society. The role of religion in morality is intriguing. Both cultural transmission and interpersonal communication are foundamental aspects of religion. The development of morality can be divided into external and internal factors. This study discussed the different variations in morality and examined whether religion is the only factor that influences morality. It also explored how different religions view a specific factor of morality. The effect of personal moral philosophies on consumers ethical beliefs is included as well. The second section focused on the role of religion in prosocial behaviors. Whether reglious individuals demonstrate more prosocial behaviors was disucssed. Religion does show a significant influence on prosocial behaviors, however, it may vary under different cultural circumstances. This review can provide some guidance to the design of interventions or courses for moral development in schools and communities.

Markets and morality: how markets shape our (dis)regard for others

Abstract Scholars since Hume and Smith have debated possible causal connections between market experiences and moral beliefs. Here, we study the impact of market interactions on utilitarian versus deontological values, charitable donations, and whether individuals have differential in-group/out-group moral views. We randomly assign workers residing across several nations of varying income levels to different market conditions and found that, in low-income nations, tournament-based compensation increased deontological commitments, especially toward out-group members, and donations by productive workers, but decreased donations by less productive workers. In higher-income nations, the effect on deontological commitments reversed, while effects on out-group attitudes and donations became insignificant. These findings suggest that if utilitarian attitudes lead to more market-oriented policies, then multiple steady states arise wherein some countries sustain high levels of utilitarian attitudes and economic growth alongside progressively weakening deontological commitments and interpersonal regard for others, putting economic rationality and liberal moral development at odds.

THE USE OF EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEANS IN THE PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF YOUTH

The changes that have occurred in all spheres of life of Ukrainian society, and the new substantive and value reorientation of citizens, urgently require special attention to the patriotic education of the younger generation. The aim of the study is to analyze the features and methods of using emotional and psychological means in the patriotic education of modern youth. The research methodology is based on the dialectical relationship of the following methods: the method of analysis of the existing definitions of “patriotism” and “belief”, system-structural approach – to understand the beliefs as a determining factor in the patriotic education of modern youth, synergetic approach – in the process of analyzing the role of emotional and psychological influence in the system of patriotic education through the use of verbal influence, empirical method – a written survey of students.Scientific novelty lies in the analysis of the influence of emotional and psychological means as a major factor in the formation of patriotism. From the standpoint of the activity approach, the use of the emotional function of language in the education of patriotic feelings has been rethought.The study proved that emotionally-psychological means of influencing human consciousness play a leading role in forming moral and ethical beliefs, particularly patriotism. According to the author, the best way to fulfill this mission is through artistic literature and means of art. An idea embodied in artistic images has a tremendous educational impact, convinces, instills certain feelings, and motivates action. The study established that artistic literature plays an extremely important role in socio-political life and emphasized that not only positive images of literary heroes have educational value but also negative phenomena that require moral condemnation and encourage one to take a certain life position.The idea embodied in artistic images has a huge educational impact, convinces, inspires certain feelings and motivates to action. The problem of patriotic education is currently quite relevant and requires special attention of researchers in the field of philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, emotional linguistics and, in particular, specialists in the field of philosophy of education.

Critique of the standard model of moral injury

This article seeks to describe in general terms what has become the standard way of conceptualizing moral injury in the clinical psychological and psychiatric literature, which is the key source for applications of the concept in other domains. What we call “the standard model” draws on certain assumptions about beliefs, mental states, and emotions as well as an implicit theory of causation about how various forms of harm arise from certain experiences or “events” that violate persons’ moral beliefs and systems. Our analysis makes these assumptions more explicit and subjects them to critical scrutiny. In so doing, we survey the current literature and identify basic features of how moral injuries are defined, how they are thought to occur, and the forms of treatment or repair that appear to be indicated. We caution that it matters how moral experience is characterized and argue that an alternative understanding of what is the moral in moral injury is important for overcoming critical challenges to the standard model. Moreover, recently evolving approaches to moral repair could be more consistent with an alternative model. Our concluding suggestion is that a more robust account of the nature of moral experience and its relations to self-identity and social experience more generally could advance understanding of the etiology of moral injury and promote rehabilitation.

CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Therapy, a Curative Hope for Sickle Cell in Nigeria, West Africa

Sickle cell anaemia is one of the haemoglobin abnormalities resulting from a genetic mutation— it is caused by inheriting two faulty genes that result in an abnormal substitution of glutamate for valine on the beta chain of haemoglobin, which causes haemoglobin molecules to stick together. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, 20 out of every 1,000 births suffer from sickle-cell anaemia, and 24% of Nigerians are carriers of this mutant gene. Scientists have suggested several solutions, including stem cell transplantation and gene therapies, but these have faced opposition due to ethical beliefs, high cost, and the ensuing immune issues. Research is now centered on advancing genome editing techniques for gene therapy. Ongoing studies have proven that genetic differences can be corrected methodically by modifying the genome at specific sites instead of introducing a new copy of the affected gene into the cells; due to the effectiveness of this method, scientists are testing its applications in manipulating genes in various systems. This review correlates a few studies that used the recently developed technique—CRISPR-Cas9—as a novel approach to gene therapy, dissecting the different clinical studies about sickle cell origin to point out many of its ethical and medical limitations, the consequences of these limitations, and the advancements this technology has made possible.

Navigating the Moral World: Contrasting Adolescents’ Moral Dilemmas in Social Media and Reallife Environments

Moral dilemmas arise at the intersection of one's core moral beliefs. This descriptive qualitative study delves into the complex moral world of adolescents to examine and draw parallels between the context, conflict and content of their moral dilemmas in real life and social media environments. A purposive sampling method was employed with a total of 130 Slovenian adolescents (average age of 17.3 years). The data was analyzed using a deductive and inductive approach. Commonalities of moral dilemmas emerged in the context (largely involving friends) and content (primarily rooted in the care/harm foundation). However, when the conflicts were analysed, remarkable differences emerged, shaped by the unique dynamics of social media. As the realm of morality on social media remains largely unexplored from an adolescent perspective, our findings offer a novel perspective on this complex issue. Our study can also open the way for more effective moral education in the context of social media.

Family therapy and the ecology of parallel universes

AbstractAstrophysicists and cosmologists seriously propose that our universe, with its three dimensions and local physical bylaws, is one of an infinite number of parallel universes. This paper discusses the relevance of these ideas for contemporary systemic family therapy, such as thinking about the therapist's positioning in relation to the family. Ideas such as the anthropic principle suggest each meeting of a therapist and family forms a unique systemic entity or singularity with its own universe of by‐laws peculiar to a location in time and space. We are like travellers between parallel family therapy universes where the therapist's epistemology, theory or model is less important than how therapists and clients position themselves towards each other. This ecological positioning encompasses contextual, emotional, cultural, ethical and spiritual belief systems.

A mixed-methods analysis of moral injury among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers faced grave responsibilities amidst rapidly changing policies and material and staffing shortages. Moral injury, psychological distress following events where actions transgress moral beliefs/ expectations, increased among healthcare workers. We used a sequential mixed methods approach to examine workplace and contextual factors related to moral injury early in the pandemic. Using a Total Worker Health® framework, we 1) examined factors associated with moral injury among active healthcare professionals (N = 14,145) surveyed between May-August 2020 and 2) qualitatively analyzed open-ended responses from 95 randomly selected participants who endorsed moral injury on the survey. Compared to inpatient hospital, outpatient (OR = 0.74 [0.65, 0.85]) or school clinic settings (OR = 0.37 [0.18, 0.75]) were associated with lower odds of moral injury; while group care settings increased odds (OR = 1.36 [1.07, 1.74]). Working with COVID+ patients (confirmed+ OR = 1.27 [1.03, 1.55]), PPE inadequacy (OR = 1.54 [1.27, 1.87]), and greater role conflict (OR = 1.57 [1.53, 1.62]) were associated with greater odds of moral injury. Qualitative findings illustrate how outside factors as well as organizational policies and working conditions influenced moral injury. Moral injury experiences affected staff turnover and patient care, potentially producing additional morally injurious effects. Worker- and patient-centered organizational policies are needed to prevent moral injury among healthcare workers. The generalizability of these findings may be limited by our predominantly white and female sample. Further research is indicated to replicate these findings in minoritized samples.

“In the middle of up and down ikigai is there”: Japanese women’s embodied narratives of personal crisis

This study focuses on Japanese women’s embodied narratives of personal crisis and explores notions of self and understandings of ikigai, loosely translated as “meaning in life” or “life worth living,” as a result of the crisis. I draw on notions of illness narratives by Arthur Frank and Havi Carel’s phenomenological study of illness and extend Carel’s framework to examine broader personal crisis as an embodied disruption of normality, referred to as “bodily doubt.” Data analysis suggests that women’s crisis experiences and ideas of self and ikigai are influenced by dimensions such as culture, society, language, sense of self and moral constructions. I use ikigai studies, particularly Gordon Mathews’ work, to argue that although women describe an emerging new sense of self and ikigai derived from crisis, their ideas still present a tension between a self that navigates socio-cultural norms and internal desires. This study argues that studying embodied narratives of personal crisis offers us a way of thinking more actively about such narratives in interrelational, socio-cultural-bodily terms, in other words, as a process constructed in conversation between self, culture, society and moral beliefs.

Unveiling Unexpected Selfless Collectivism: Exploring Variances in Moral Beliefs Across Cultural Values.

The impact of moral beliefs on individuals' moral judgments, particularly within the framework of contrasting cultural values such as collectivism and individualism, continues to be a subject of interest. This research delves into whether individuals with distinct values display differences in moral beliefs, with a specific focus on selflessness. Through experiment 1 and 2, we scrutinize the moral judgments of individuals with diverse values concerning pro-social behaviors driven by selflessness and in-group favoritism. Experiment 3 investigates the underlying mechanisms by examining reward expectations. The findings from experiments 1 and 2 indicate that collectivists exhibit significantly higher moral judgment levels for selfless pro-social behaviors compared to individualists, highlighting a disparity in moral beliefs between the two value systems. Experimental 2 also found that collectivists' moral judgments rose and fell as rescuers' selflessness increased or decreased. However, individualist moral judgment did not change significantly with behavioral selflessness. The results reveal that collectivists hold higher reward expectations for selfless behavior, which contributes to their heightened moral judgment of selfless behavior. While it may be assumed that collectivists' moral beliefs would be dominated by in-group preferences, aligning with the conceptual in-group preference of collectivism, this study unexpectedly found evidence of collectivists' pursuit of selflessness in their moral beliefs. These findings offer initial evidence of distinct patterns of moral beliefs associated with collectivism and individualism, shedding light on potential reasons that lead collectivists to possess stronger moral beliefs about selflessness.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Peserta Didik Kelas XI MA Al-Bairuny Jombang pada Materi Akidah Akhlak Berbantuan Media Sosial TikTok

Increasing students' abilities through Tiktok learning media in material on moral beliefs. The application of TikTok learning media has not been very effective because many irresponsible users display negative content which is likely to be watched by children. Therefore, children's use of social media requires supervision from teachers and parents in learning activities so that technological advances can be used optimally. The purpose of this research is to analyze students' abilities in moral belief material through the Tiktok application, analyze students' needs for Tiktok social media, what material is explained in the Tiktok video content, validator assessment of moral belief content, analyze the increase in students' ability to understand moral belief material. morals through Tiktok social media, and analyzing how much student satisfaction there is with moral aqidah material through Tiktok social media among 11th grade IPS 1 students and 24 11th grade IPS 2 students at MA AL-Bairuny Sambong Dukuh Jombang. The method used in this research is a quantitative method. Meanwhile, data collection used questionnaires and tests with the help of questionnaire instruments and interview techniques which were carried out for approximately six days. The results of the research state that the use of modern learning media is considered effective in learning moral beliefs. Students feel that explaining material using social media Tiktok is easier to understand because it uses videos and animated images that support the learning process which is in line with improving student learning outcomes. Creating creative and innovative moral creed content is a good thing to implement. Making videos through the Tiktok application is considered effective in improving students' abilities.

Implementasi Google Form dalam Mengevaluasi Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas XI MAN 10 Jombang

Implementation of Google Forms as an assessment medium for learning moral beliefs in class XI MAN 10 Jombang. Targeting the views of teachers and students, the research carried out aims to determine the efficiency and effectiveness, challenges, benefits, and advantages and disadvantages of using Google Forms in assessing the learning of Aqidah Akhlak. Qualitative methods are used to gain in-depth understanding through observation, documentation and interview data collection techniques with teachers involved in the evaluation as well as students who take part in the assessment process using Google Form. The results of the data analysis provide a detailed picture of the application of this tool, increasing understanding of how Google Forms can make the benefits of an efficient and effective solution for evaluating learning in the field of moral belief studies in the classroom. The findings of this research can contribute to the development of technology-based learning practices which were previously manual using paper answer sheets (LJK). The implications of this research are that it can provide practical guidance for developing evaluation methods that are effective and responsive to the needs of students at the educational level.

17세기 전라도 泰仁의 사족과 武城書院의 位格 변화

During the Joseon Dynasty, Museong seowon was located in Taein- hyeon, but now it is located in Chilbo-myeon, Jeongeup-si. Museong Seowon was constructed in 1615. At the time of its construction, it was named Taesan Seowon. Taein people built Taesansa for Choi Chi-won, and expanded Taesansa to build Taesansa Seowon. Then, the plaque of Sinjam, who was appointed as Taesan's prefectural governor, was enshrined to commemorate him. In 1630, additional memorial tablets for Jeong Geuk-in, Song Se-rim, Jeong Eon-chung, and Kim Yak-mook were enshrined. They were Neo- Confucian scholars who passed the bureaucratic selection test and were either from Taein or had a relationship with Taein. In 1675, a plaque was enshrined in memory of Kim Kwan. They were also descendants of Song Yeon-son, who lived in Taein, and were scholars representing Taein, who kept ethical principles and beliefs during the political collapse of Confucian scholars. In 1695, Confucian scholars from Taein gathered to request a signboard written by the king himself. This is because the sign of the king's handwritten signboard symbolized the status of a seowon recognized by the state. They requested the document which was to be written by the king, involved 200 people from Taein and nearby areas. Most of the people who signed the documents were connected to the Seo-in. When local Confucian scholars gathered and asked for it, the name of Museong and a signboard written by the king were approved after discussion by the government. Museong seowon became a state-recognized seowon in 1695 when Seo-in was in power. After recognized by the state, Museong seowon could receive economic and social preferential treatment and gradually increased its status in the region.

Construction of the Tahfidzul Quran Islamic Boarding School Curriculum through Social Reproduction

This research discusses the construction of the Tahfidzul Quran Islamic Boarding School curriculum through social reproduction. The research methodology used in this study is qualitative descriptive research. By using the concept of Habitus as a structure of social reproduction, this study concludes that the curriculum at Ubay Bin Ka'ab Islamic Boarding School is constructed by reproducing ideologies, theological and moral beliefs, lifestyles adopted by lodge caregivers in particular and Tablighi congregational institutions in general. Although the curriculum focuses on memorizing the Quran, this pesantren teaches its students various religious knowledge and practices they need to participate in society as preachers. In addition, the curriculum also adjusts national education policies.

Languaging Ethics in Technology Practice

Ethics as embodied by technology practitioners resists simple definition—particularly as it relates to the interplay of identity, organizational, and professional complexity. In this article, we use the linguistic notion of languaging as an analytic lens to describe how technology and design practitioners negotiate their conception of ethics as they reflect upon their everyday work. We engaged 12 practitioners in individual co-creation workshops, encouraging them to reflect on their ethical role in their everyday work through a series of generative and evaluative activities. We analyzed these data to identify how each practitioner reasoned about ethics through language and artifacts, finding that practitioners used a range of rhetorical tropes to describe their ethical commitments and beliefs in ways that were complex and sometimes contradictory. Across three cases, we describe how ethics was negotiated through language across three key zones of ecological emergence: the practitioners’ “core” beliefs about ethics, internal and external ecological elements that shaped or mediated these core beliefs, and the ultimate boundaries they reported refusing to cross. Building on these findings, we describe how the languaging of ethics reveals opportunities to definitionally and practically engage with ethics in technology ethics research, practice, and education.

Development and validation of the Moral Injury Symptom Scale – Clinician Version – Short Form (MISS-CV-SF)

Background Moral injury occurs when one witnesses or perpetrates an act that transgresses strongly held moral beliefs and expectations. First documented among active military and veterans, moral injury is increasingly studied in healthcare personnel impacted by the coronavirus pandemic. Measurement of moral injury among this population, particularly nurses, is still in its infancy. Objective To develop the Moral Injury Symptom Scale – Clinician-Short Form and validate it among United States based acute care nurses. Methods The Moral Injury Symptom Scale – Military Version was modified for a healthcare audience. 174 acute care nurses responded to a survey package including the scale and related instruments. Reliability and validity, including convergent and discriminant validities, were assessed, and a cutoff score was calculated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Reliability (Cronbach α = .75) and validity were established and a cutoff score of 41, based on functional impairment caused by moral injury, demonstrated 86.4% sensitivity and 69.6% specificity. Nurses who screened positive for moral injury experienced higher depression, anxiety, work exhaustion, interpersonal disengagement, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization. Conclusions The Moral Injury Symptom Scale – Clinician Version – Short Form is a valid and reliable instrument with strong psychometric properties that can assess moral injury in acute care nurses, a population at risk due to the challenges of providing care during the pandemic. Appropriate measurement and establishing prevalence should prompt support and intervention from healthcare organizations.

Let’s not get ahead of ourselves: we have no idea if moral reasoning causes moral progress

ABSTRACT An important question about moral progress is what causes it. One of the most popular proposed mechanisms is moral reasoning: moral progress often happens because lots of people reason their way to improved moral beliefs. Authors who defend moral reasoning as a cause of moral progress have relied on two broad lines of argument: the general and the specific line. The general line presents evidence that moral reasoning is in general a powerful mechanism of moral belief change, while the specific line tries to establish that moral reasoning can explain specific historical examples of moral progress. In this paper, we examine these lines in detail, using Kumar and Campbell’s (2022, A Better Ape: The Evolution of the Moral Mind and How It Made Us Human. Oxford University Press) model of rational moral progress to sharpen our focus. For each line, we explain the empirical assumptions it makes; we then argue that the available evidence supports none of these assumptions. We conclude that at this point, we have no idea if moral reasoning causes moral progress.

Longtime nemeses or cordial allies? How individuals mentally relate science and religion.

Science and religion are influential social forces, and their interplay has been subject to many public and scholarly debates. The present article addresses how people mentally conceptualize the relationship between science and religion and how these conceptualizations can be systematized. To that end, we provide a comprehensive, integrative review of the pertinent literature. Moreover, we discuss how cognitive (in particular, epistemic beliefs) and motivational factors (in particular, epistemic needs, identity, and moral beliefs), as well as personality and contextual factors (e.g., rearing practices and cross-cultural exposure), are related to these mental conceptualizations. And finally, we provide a flowchart detailing the psychological processes leading to these mental conceptualizations. A comprehensive understanding of how individuals perceive the science-religion relationship is interesting in and of itself and practically relevant for managing societal challenges, such as science denial. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).