Belarusian National Technical University Research Articles

Business knowledge as a component of training of engineers

У статті розглянуто роль підприємницьких знань під час підготовки інженерів на основі аналізу даних соціологічного дослідження, проведеного в рамках міжнародного науково-дослідного проєкту, що реалізовувався Національним технічним університетом України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського» (КПІ) і Білоруським національним технічним університетом (БНТУ) у 2017 році, на тему «Інтеграція інженерної освіти і бізнес-освіти в технічних університетах України та Білорусі як фактор розвитку національних економік». У статті розглянуто питання поєднання навчання з роботою, чи пов’язана ця робота зі спеціальністю, яку отримують майбутні інженери. Здійснено порівняння поглядів українських та білоруських студентів щодо дисциплін, що сприяють розвитку підприємницьких навичок. З метою визначення спектра знань, необхідних для здійснення підприємницької діяльності, у дослідженні запропоновано набір навичок, знань, умінь, важливість яких оцінили як українські, так і білоруські студенти. Знання англійської мови є не просто необхідністю, а основою успішного становлення інженера-підприємця. Це не тільки отримання знань та інформації з першоджерел, а й можливість відкритого спілкування у професійному середовищі. Англійська мова сьогодні є мовою ведення бізнесу. Це усвідомлюють і опитані студенти. Для більшості як українських, так і білоруських студентів важливе отримання знань з іноземної мови під час здобуття вищої освіти. У статті обґрунтовується, що технічне студентство може бути соціальною базою переходу до ринкової інноваційної економіки, якщо здійснити інтеграцію інженерної освіти і бізнес-освіти в технічних університетах для підготовки інженера-підприємця. Автором аналізується потреба в підготовці інженера-підприємця в Україні з урахуванням міжнародного досвіду.

Scientific and Methodological Aspects to the Formation and Development Management of «University 3.0» Innovation Environment

The article analyzes the best practices of the Belarusian National Technical University on the development of an innovation environment by the example of establishing high-tech medical production. The system-forming elements, factors and mechanism for the improvement of the innovation environment of a higher education institution operating on the «University 3.0» model base are highlighted. The missions, functions, promising technologies and formats for the implementation of educational, research and entrepreneurial activities as subsystems of the internal innovation environment of a higher education institution and directions of interaction with the external innovation environment subsystems (government regulation, financing facility and the market) are considered. The article based on a systematic approach shows the specificity of the effective innovation environment which is manifested in synergy of its elements interaction. The mechanism ensuring functional coordination between all the «University 3.0» activities and the external environment subjects in order to achieve a common mission have been proposed

Calculation of the Optimum Cone Angle of a Confuser Used for Reversive-Jet Cleaning of Metal Surfaces against Corrosion

The modern industrial production of the Republic of Belarus is characterized by the absence of its own raw material base and significant dependence on imported energy carriers and material resources supplied at world prices. When working in such conditions, production efficiency can be achieved through all-round economy and creation of modern energyand resource-saving technologies. However implementation of such technologies, for example, laser cutting and welding, cladding, flame spraying, painting, etc. directly depends on quality of cleaning metal surfaces from corrosion. Theoretical and experimental studies conducted at the Department of Shipbuilding and Hydraulics of the Belarusian National Technical University have shown that it is very economical to remove corrosion products from metal surfaces using new technology of reverse jet cleaning. The reverse jet cleaning technology is based on a physical principle which presupposes that a jet of working fluid (pulp based on river sand or bentonite clay) rotates 180º when it hits the surface to be cleaned and it leads to an increase in jet impact on the surface to be cleaned by 1.5–2 times due to occurrence of a reactive component. In order to ensure a marked jet reversal an original case design has been developed which is characterized by a patent novelty. One of the main elements in this design is a confuser-shaped stream-forming device. Theoretical investigations on pressure losses of working fluid in a confuser channel which are based on the study of functional at the extremum have made it possible to obtain a dependence for calculation of an optimal cone angle at a turbulent mode of motion within the range of Reynolds numbers 4000 < Re < 3 ×106 while taking into account an influence of working fluid density, its dynamic or kinematic viscosity, average velocity movement of working fluid, confuser radii.

Compare of Transient Quality in Automatic Control Systems with Classic PID Algorithm and Optimal Regulator

Currently, about 90–95% of generic controllers use the PID algorithm to generate control actions, while 64% of the PID controllers are used in single-circuit automatic control systems. Most of industries (power industry among them) use hundreds of automatic control systems. The quality of their work is the basis of economic efficiency of technical processes, ensuring safety, reliability, durability and environmental friendliness of both technological equipment and automation equipment. There are different modifications of PID-controller structure implementation. In practice the ideal PID controller with a filter and the classic PID regulator (serial connection of the ideal PI controller and the real PD regulator as the direct action elements) are widely used. The problem of choosing a rational structure and a method of parametric optimization of PID controllers, which provide the best direct indicatives of the quality in the development of the main effects in single-circuit automatic control systems, becomes urgent. However, only for the classical PID controllers, which are widely used at present, there are more than three hundred methods for adjusting the three parameters of the optimal dynamic adjustment, as well as the ballast time constant. This results in arising a problem of substantiation of the best structure and method of parametric optimization of classical PID regulators. As a basic option, one of the simplest and most obvious one, viz. the method of automated adjustment of the controller in the Simulink MatLab environment had been chosen, which was compared with the method of full compensation in general for objects with a transfer function in the form of an inertial link with a conditional delay. Two variants of control action realization on the basis of the structural scheme of the optimal regulator developed by the Belarusian national technical University were also offered. In contrast with the classic PID controller, the optimal controller has one parameter of dynamic adjustment setting. The results of simulation of transients at basic perturbations confirmed that the best direct indicatives of the quality are provided with an optimal regulator, which makes it possible to recommend it for wide implementation instead of the classic PID controllers.

Slope Protection Structures at Water Reservoirs in Belarus and Causes of their Deformations

Assessment of the current state in respect of various bank stabilization with identification of causes of their destruction and deformation scale has been carried out on the basis of the survey pertaining to coastal protection structures in more than 100 reservoirs of the country. The paper presents results of field observations on bank slope protection structures which are used at water reservoirs in Belarus. It has been established that the most common protection of banks and slopes is strengthening in the form of reinforced concrete monolithic or prefabricated slabs. It has been determined that deformations of slope protection are represented by opening of tile-to-tile construction, temperature and settlement joints (it has been recorded opening width of 0.35 m) which develop under a complex impact of wind waves, fluctuations in levels and other factors. Subsequently deformations of exposed joints lead to destruction of the protection. Value of slope deformations reaches in some cases rather significant extent: linear processing (destruction) of slopes – up to 24.20 m; volume of erosion – up to 4.25 m3/m running. Physical modeling of slope deformations carried out at a hydro-technical laboratory of the Belarusian National Technical University while using models of ground retaining structures protected by reinforced concrete strengthening with various opening width of joints has allowed to determine dynamics and scope of slope deformations due to the influence of wave and level regimes having various parameters. Data of on-site investigations on protection have made it possible to assess the state of slope paving for various operational periods of retaining structures. The paper presents reasons and factors that affect the protection stability. The results of on-site and laboratory investigations on protection stability have permitted to determine that the following reasons influence on the development of deformations: presence of objective inaccuracies and assumptions in the accepted calculated design schemes and dependencies for determination of protection parameters; lack of completeness in registration of conditions for wave formation and level regime of reservoirs; initial data and survey materials do not always provide true information about ground conditions for construction of bank protection facility; technological deviations while constructing structures and their protection. It has been ascertained that one of the characteristics determining a dynamic stability of banks and slopes in structures under conditions of the reservoirs in Belarus along with the above reasons is a composition of the eroded soil characterized, in particular, by a inhomogeneity coefficient of loose soil. A self-pavement effect identified during the study of protection stability and formed during destruction of a bank composed of loose soils with increased heterogeneity has made it possible to propose a method for protecting slopes and banks. On-site investigations and laboratory experiments have permitted to obtain empirical relationships for calculation of dynamic equilibrium profile with self-pavement of two types. The paper provides a calculation for combined slope protection consisting of rockfill and synthetic filter materials of increased strength.

Feedback in Automated Clutch Control Circuit for Truck Start-Up Process

The paper presents description of a mechatronic control system for mechanical transmission of a 20-ton truck, as well as its adaptive start-up algorithm, transient process behavior which significantly affects durability of automated power unit elements, vehicle movement smoothness and driver’s comfort when driving. A multidisciplinary model of the mechatronic control system has been developed in the software package Imagine Lab AMESim because its power unit including a diesel engine, a dry frictional two-disc clutch, a main mechanical stepped gearbox and an additional gearbox has electrical components besides mechanical and pneumatic ones. The given model allows to test complex control algorithms and analyze the behavior of intelligent systems in the early designing stages. The research has been carried out on the basis of the test complex at Department “Automobiles”, Automotive and Tractor Faculty, Belarusian National Technical University. Research results confirm an adequacy of the AMESim developed multidisciplinary model. Feedback on the increment of an angular velocity difference between driving and driven parts of the friction clutch has been introduced for precise friction clutch control. Threshold values of a feedback parameter have been determined on the basis of the developed computer model and these values will be used for programming a microprocessor unit when implementing an adaptive algorithm for a truck start-up process

Science and technology indicators by eyes of a librarian

The main directions of the International Conference «STI 2017: Open indicators: innovation, participation and actor-based STI indicators» (Paris, 6-8 September 2017) were the following according to the author's opinion: survey of geographical features, patterns of the science development and a choice of adequate indicators to evaluate these features and patterns; as well as development of new methods for data processing, sharing, analysis and use to assess science and technology. As the conference was held in the format of 4 parallel sessions being carried on simultaneously, the author was compelled to choose the presentations closest to his interests, namely, presentations on scientometrics and related issues. Such a choice was not subjective, because the author being an employee of the Belarusian National Technical University Scientific Library, is engaged in evaluating research activity of scientific organizations and universities (which have long been regarded as an objective of research libraries by serious library specialists of Belarus and Ukraine), as well as of scientific periodicals, and therefore is most interested in information about indicators of research activity of scientific organizations and universities and, especially, about indicators of value and quality of academic periodicals. The presentations that the author has managed to listen to and the discussions that he participated in, transferred via this mini-review seem to be helpful in further bibliometric studies conducted in the Belarusian National Technical University Scientific Library and to be of an interest to the readers of the journal.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC-AND-TECHNICAL INFORMATION IN AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF POWER UNITS WATTAGE

The production, transformation, transmission, distribution and consumption of electricity is one continuous process. The change of the load, i.e. the level of energy consumption, should cause a corresponding change in the level of generated energy. It means that the power system should be a balance of produced and consumed energy, taking into account technological cost of conversion, transmission and distribution. Otherwise, electric power quality indicators will be violated. For example, at infringement of balance of active power the frequency in the grid will have a value different from 50 Hz. One of the automatic devices on the lowest rung in the hierarchy of automatic dispatcher control system of frequency and power interchange is the system of automatic control of power units (SACPU). It is a comprehensive and complex device, which consists of several connected together simpler systems, governing all thermal power devices of a power unit. SACPU ought to regulate the active power of the unit and participate in primary frequency regulation in the network with a given accuracy and sensitivity; also, it ought to be adequately fast. At the same time, this device should be simple from the point of view of technical implementation, easy to use, allow one to maintain a high level of efficiency, reliability, durability and environmental performance of the units. To satisfy all these requirements (often conflicting) simultaneously, SACPU should have a certain structure, which depends on the composition and characteristics of heat power equipment of the power unit and on operating modes. The analysis of known SACPU have demonstrated that they are unable to fully provide the requirements of the modern standards for quality control of frequency and power, i.e. the SACPU models are still in need of structural and parametric optimization on the basis of the proximate methods developed at the Belarusian National Technical University.

SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION FOR SCORM CONTENT MIGRATION IN THE LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Using of learning management systems increases the possibility of teachers and students in achieving their goals in education. Such systems provide learning content, help to organize and to monitor training progress, help to collect statistics. However, the transition from one LMS to another there is a problem of content migration, because all training materials and tests should either be recreated, or somehow be migrated to the new system. Content migration by hand is a very time-consuming process, so the leading developers of the learning management systems developed a standard for the organization and storage of content, called SCORM (Eng., Sharable Content Object Reference Model). Created by this standard, the content must migrate to the learning management system provided its support for these systems. SCORM standard allows you to create training content that is not dependent on the learning management system, but the loosely embedded in it. This approach enables teachers to develop unique courses and put them free available or for sale in the Internet for all interested persons, and to use educational content created by the best specialists around the world to carry out their activities. The content on the SCORM standard imposes certain requirements on the learning management systems, as they do not distort the training content and properly interact with the tests. The aim of this article is a software implementation of a content migration by SCORM standard from other learning management systems in its own development used at the Software Department of the Faculty of Information Technology and Robotics of the Belarusian National Technical University.

BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY OF PUBLICATIONS OF EMPLOYEES OF THE BELARUSIAN NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY FULFILLED WITH THE USE OF THE WEB OF SCIENCE AND SCOPUS DATABASES AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THEIR RESEARCH ACTIVITIES: 2011– 2015

The productivity of researchers, as well as the value and quality of scientific publications are considered as properties that indicate the efficiency of the research activities of an organization. The purpose of the present work was to perform a bibliometric study of productivity of Belarusian National Technical University (BNTU) researchers and of the value and quality of their publications. The study as a whole was aimed at assessing the efficiency of research activities of the BNTU. With the use of the Web of Science and Scopus databases we examined the productivity of the authors in 2011–2015 (including chronological structure of publications and their journal and publishers distributions, data on scientific cooperation, etc.), determined the average citedness of an article; the number of articles included in the 10 % most cited publications in the world in different subject areas of science and also the magnitudes of the «normalized citation» (the latter being compared with the ones for other universities) The growth of number of published articles and the high value of publications of the University were detected (as reflected in the Web of Science database), as well as the high value of a number of publishing journals. The obtained data as a whole attests to the leading role of laser specialists of the BNTU, and the productivity data attests to the Instrumentation Engineering Faculty as making the greatest contribution to the publications of the BNTU published in the most authoritative sources. The results of the study attests to a fairly high efficiency of research activities of the BNTU. A significant contribution to improving the mentioned efficiency are being made by the promotion of the University journals to the world information networks and by facilitating the creation of «visibility» of the specialists of the BNTU and the results of their research in the world information networks.

Metrological modeling of colorimetric measurements results of in hardware and software environments

The main development stages of the Colorimetry are described. The basic concepts and trends of modern colorimetry are defined. The definition of the term "High Resolution Colorimetry" as a new advance direction, based on the usage of rendering information systems and technologies of digital images processing is derived. Developed models of measurements results by the author are presented. They are the “base”, “fractal”, “information” and “complex” measurements results models which are got in hardware and software environments. The results of these investigations can be used in a control of the self-luminous and non self-luminous objects at all stages of their life cycle. Background: These researches are carried out within the scientific projects of the State Program "Electronics and Photonics", "Photonics 2015" and continue in 2016-2018 by the Program "Photonics and Opto - and Microelectronics". The author is one of the leaders of these projects. The main goal of the research is to develop metrological support of Colorimetry in software and hardware environments. The main hypothesis of research is “a digital images are information models of objects and sources of quantitative data about their properties”. However, it is necessary to take into account the loss of data in information systems. The author offers to use the model approach for estimation of measurement uncertainty using information entropy. Methods and findings: In the working process on the project both theoretical and experimental research methods based on scientific research laboratory of Opto-electronic instrumentation (Belarusian national technical University) and other leading lighting laboratories of Belarusian State Institute of Metrology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, etc. are used. The results of investigations suggest that the High Resolution Colorimetry can be applied to extended objects. Implemented the accuracy of photometric and colorimetric results measurements is ± 10 %. The developed methods are the basis for a methodology for measuring, registration and visual objects control using digital images. This methodology may be applicable to validation and verification of registration, display devices and test methods in accredited laboratories.