Women In Beijing Research Articles

Women's knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding cervical precancerous lesions: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China.

This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of women in Beijing regarding cervical precancerous lesions. This web-based, cross-sectional study included women at Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine between March 13, 2024 and April 9, 2024. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to collect participants' demographic information and KAP scores toward cervical precancerous lesions. The study included 951 valid questionnaires, with a mean age of 40.0 years. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 12.55 ± 6.23 (possible range: 0-26), 50.66 ± 7.48 (possible range: 13-65), and 26.13 ± 4.98 (possible range: 7-35), respectively. The knowledge score (OR = 1.071, 95%CI: 1.040-1.103, p < 0.001), currently married (OR = 0.548, 95%CI: 0.304-0.985, p = 0.045), and with a history of HPV infection (OR = 2.302, 95%CI: 1.062-4.990, p = 0.035) were independently associated with the attitude score. The knowledge score (OR = 1.155, 95%CI: 1.119-1.192, p < 0.001), monthly income >20,000 (OR = 2.793, 95%CI: 1.249-6.248, p = 0.012), a history of HPV infection (OR = 0.380, 95%CI: 0.222-0.650, p < 0.001), unknown HPV infection status (OR = 0.289, OR = 0.177-0.473, p < 0.001), vaccinated against HPV (OR = 1.752, 95%CI: 1.221-2.514, p = 0.002), giving birth to one child (OR = 1.991, 95%CI: 1.186-3.341, p = 0.009), and giving birth to two or more children (OR = 2.160, 95%CI: 1.240-3.763, p = 0.007) were independently associated with the practice score. The structured equation model showed that knowledge directly influenced attitude (β = 0.237, p = 0.004) and practice (β = 0.490, p = 0.010). Attitude directly influenced practice (β = 0.193, p = 0.009). This study revealed inadequate knowledge, moderate attitude, and practice toward cervical precancerous lesions among women in Beijing. Educational interventions should be developed to enhance knowledge in this regard.

Dietary Quality and Postpartum Weight Changes: An Analysis of Postpartum Women in Beijing Using the Adjusted Chinese Dietary Balance Index-16

Dietary Quality and Postpartum Weight Changes: An Analysis of Postpartum Women in Beijing Using the Adjusted Chinese Dietary Balance Index-16

Vitamin D nutritional status in early pregnancy and its relationship with periconceptional multiple micronutrients supplementation.

To assess the vitamin D nutritional status (VDN) of pregnant women in early pregnancy and investigate the effects of periconceptional supplementation with multiple micronutrients (MMs) on this status. Data were taken from the Pregnancy Health Care System and Hospital Information System in 2018 in Beijing. Vitamin D nutritional status in early pregnancy was evaluated among 4,978 pregnant women, and 4,540 women who took folic acid only (FA) or multiple mi-cronutrients supplements (MM) during the periconceptional period, were include to estimate the associations between periconceptional supplementation with MM and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency with logistic regression model. The mean early-pregnancy vitamin D concentration was 18.6 (±7.5) ng/mL, and the rates of deficiency and insufficiency were 31.6% and 60.5%, respectively. Compared to the FA group, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR, 95%confidence interval, CI) for insufficiency or deficiency of the MM group were 0.25(0.18-0.34), and the aOR (95%CI) for deficiency of the MM group were 0.17 (0.12-0.23). Women who took MMs for a longer period of time, at higher frequencies, and with higher compliance scores had lower rates of deficiency and insufficiency. In winter, spring, and autumn, taking MMs could reduce deficiency by about 70%; in summer, there was little effect. Among women in Beijing, serum concentrations of vitamin D in early pregnancy are relatively low, and the rates of deficiency and insufficiency are high. Taking MMs during the periconceptional period could improve this situation.

Beijing 1995 and female terrorism in 21st century West Africa

This article examines the relationship between the 1995 World Conference on Women held in Beijing and the emergence of female terrorism in West Africa during the 21st century. It examines how the conference, which was intended to promote global gender equality and women's rights, unintentionally influenced the dynamics of female participation in extremist activities. This study provides insights into the motivations, strategies, and effects of female terrorism in West Africa by analysing historical events, regional context, and socio-political factors, casting light on the complex relationship between gender, empowerment, and violence. The gendered socialisation theory served as the theoretical framework for this study. Noting that the study is qualitative and non-experimental, a descriptive research design was chosen for this investigation. The qualitative method was used to generate data for this study, and the qualitative descriptive method was used to analyse the collected data. The study revealed a correlation between the 1995 World Conference on Women in Beijing and the rise of female terrorism in West African nations. The study recommended adequate public enlightenment, strengthened responsive counterterrorism strategies, enhanced women’s participation in counterterrorism efforts and genuine empowerment of women and girls through education and economic opportunities.

A Close Study on Domestic Violence Against Women: Islamic Perspectives and Remedies

Women empowerment refers to the process of giving women the power to take control of their lives, rights, and decision-making. It is about creating a society where women are treated equally, with respect, and have access to the same opportunities as men. It involves promoting women's education, encouraging their participation in politics, and breaking down gender stereotypes. However, prevailing information of domestic violence against women is rampant in many places around the world. Domestic violence is a form of abuse that can occur in any intimate relationship. It can take many forms, including physical, emotional, sexual, and financial abuse. It is crucial to protect individuals from domestic violence, especially women, who are most often the victims of this type of abuse. Islam recognizes the rights of women and emphasizes their equality with men. Women have the right to own property, inherit, and engage in business. The religion also promotes modesty and respect for women, including the obligation to protect them from harm. As well as Islam addresses domestic violence through teachings of respect, communication, patience, and consent between spouses. It prohibits harm, emphasizes gender equality, and encourages seeking guidance from knowledgeable sources and family support. By promoting these principles, Islam aims to prevent domestic violence, foster healthy relationships, and ensure the well-being and dignity of all family members. The United Nations has recognized the severity of this issue and has implemented various initiatives to combat domestic violence. We must all work together to ensure that everyone is safe and free from abuse in their own homes. Their motto for this effort is "Women's Rights are Human Rights," which was famously declared by Hillary Clinton during her speech at the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China. The UN has since adopted this statement as a guiding principle for their gender equality and women's empowerment efforts worldwide. It is essential to emphasize the role of education and communication in protecting women from domestic violence. By educating individuals on what constitutes abuse and how to recognize the signs, we can empower them to take action and seek help. Additionally, open and honest communication between partners can prevent misunderstandings and potential conflicts that may escalate into violence. We must continue to prioritize education and communication as solutions to combat domestic violence and ensure the safety and well-being of all individuals, particularly women. The qualitative research methodology is applied in this research and the article will be published in an index journal at the earliest.

Association between household and outdoor air pollution and risk for metabolic syndrome among women in Beijing, China

ABSTRACT This study explored whether household and outdoor air pollution is associatedwith a greater risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among women. In all 11,860 women who cooked with clean energy were included in the analysis. Cooking frequency, range hood use during cooking, passive smoking exposure, and solid fuel use for heating were used to represent household air pollution. The 2-year average concentration of PM2.5, and face mask usage were used to reflect outdoor air pollution exposure. An index of air pollution exposure was also constructed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between air pollution and risk for MetS, and a positive correlation was found. Our results indicated that household cooking used clean energy and exposure to a high level of outdoor PM2.5 without face mask usage may contribute to an increased risk for MetS among women.

A Comparison of East Asian Women's Survival Status in Cinematography: Take Tōkyō Joshi Zukan and Beijing Women's Illustration as Examples

Film and television literature reflects social reality and the direction of cultural thinking. In recent years, film and television works about the current situation of women in East Asia have attracted a great response in the market. Two typical examples are "Tōkyō Joshi Zukan" and the Chinese adaptation of "Beijing Women's Illustration", which portray in detail the workplace life, family background and personal growth experiences of contemporary women in these two East Asian countries, Japan and China, respectively. Tōkyō Joshi Zukan is a Japanese web series that started in 2016, was directed by Tabata, starred by Asami Mizukawa, and premiered on Amazon on December 16, 2016. Based on a four-panel manga of the same name, the series follows the twenty years of the life of Aya Saito, a girl from Akita Prefecture who has longed for the big city since childhood and comes to Tokyo after graduating from a local university. Beijing Women's Illustration is a drama co-produced by Xiong Kids Media and Youku, directed by Li Zhi, written by Zhang Jia and starred by Qi Wei, Chen Jin and Wu Yue, which premiered on Youku on April 10, 2018. Adapted from the novel of the same name, the drama is about the real-life relationships and lives of solo women represented by Chen Koyi, a northern drifting girl who experienced ten years in Beijing. This paper selects these two TV series for comparative study to explore the current situation of contemporary women's lives in East Asia.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infections in Beijing, China between 2016 and 2020

BackgroundCertain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) induce long-lasting infections that cause cervical cancer. This study evaluated the prevalence of HPV infections and the distribution of their genotypes among clinic patients and healthy women in Beijing, China.MethodsCervical specimens were collected from 12,100 patients and 1176 subjects who underwent physical examinations at Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, between March 2016 and September 2020. HPV genotyping was performed using commercial kits designed to detect 15 high-risk and 2 low-risk HPV genotypes.ResultsThere was a higher overall prevalence of HPV among the clinic patients (21.0%) than among the healthy women (11.9%). The most common HPV genotypes among the patients were: HPV-52 (5.4%), HPV-16 (3.4%), HPV-58 (3.2%), HPV-51 (2.6%), HPV-39 (2.0%), HPV-56 (2.0%), and HPV-66 (2.0%). Among the healthy women: HPV-52 (3.0%), HPV-51 (1.8%), HPV-58 (1.6%), HPV-66 (1.5%), HPV-16 (1.2%), HPV-56 (1.2%), and HPV-18 (1.1%). Multiple HPVs were detected in 29.1% of the gynecological outpatients and in 23.6% of the women receiving physical examinations. The most common pairs of HPV types detected were HPV-52 and HPV-16 in the clinic patients, and HPV-52 and HPV-56 in the healthy women. Age-specific HPV positivity and peak prevalence were observed among the individuals in both groups for women aged less than 25 years and those between 61 and 65 years of age.ConclusionsOur results provide current estimates of HPV prevalence and genotypes in the Beijing region. The epidemiological characteristics observed also provide a reference for the development of cervical cancer screening strategies and selection of HPV vaccine antigen targets for this region. A comparison of these HPV prevalence data with those from other regions suggests that regional vaccines may be an important direction for future research.

Associations between exposure to phthalates and subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant women during early pregnancy: A pilot case-control study in China

Phthalates are environmental endocrine disruptors with thyroid-disrupting properties; however, the association between phthalate exposure and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) during pregnancy is unknown. We recruited a study population from a cohort of pregnant women in Beijing, China, and conducted the present pilot case-control study of 42 SCH cases and 84 non-SCH controls matched with age and body mass index (BMI). Serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody, free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and urinary levels of ten phthalate metabolites during early pregnancy were measured. Urinary monoethyl phthalate (MEP) levels in SCH cases were observably higher than those in controls (p = 0.01). Conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), MEP, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP) were significantly associated with a higher risk of SCH during early pregnancy (adjusted odds ratios = 1.89, 1.42, 1.81, and 1.92, respectively). Concomitantly, multiple linear regression analysis showed that MECPP, MEOHP, and ΣDEHP were positively associated with TSH and FT4 × TSH in the entire study population. Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis and stratified analysis by BMI revealed upward tendencies in the serum levels of TSH and FT4 × TSH. In summary, exposure to phthalates, especially DEHP, may be associated with a higher risk of SCH during early pregnancy, and a possible mechanism is the disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.

Promotions of gender policy in the Republic of Moldova after participating in the 1995 World Conference on Women in Beiji

Gender equality between women and men is a fundamental value of democracy. Ensuring gender equity has become one of the major goals of the time. Gender mainstreaming has become a priority in domestic politics since attending the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, after which a series of measures on gender equality were undertaken. As a result, the Republic of Moldova is committed to transposing European legislation in the field of equal opportunities and the promotion of women at the decision-making level. As a result, a number of departments have been set up within state institutions to implement gender equality and equal opportunities policies. Thus, the Republic of Moldova has demonstrated its democratic and pro-European approach, in achieving the objectives that refer to equal opportunities for self-realization of individual female and male potential.

Associations between phthalate exposure and thyroid function in pregnant women during the first trimester

Phthalates are a class of environmental endocrine disruptors. Previous studies have demonstrated that phthalate exposure can affect thyroid function; however, limited studies have assessed the associations between phthalate exposure and thyroid function, especially thyroid autoimmunity in pregnant women during the first trimester. We recruited participants from a cohort of pregnant women in Beijing, China, and collected urine samples to measure ten phthalate metabolites, serum samples to measure free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) during the first trimester. We included 325 pregnant women without thyroid diseases or dysfunction in this study. Associations between phthalate metabolites and thyroid function parameters were assessed with the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model, multiple linear regression model, and restricted cubic spline. In the BKMR model analysis, compared to the 50th percentile, total urinary phthalate metabolites levels were negatively associated with serum TPOAb levels when phthalate metabolites were at or below the 40th percentile. Stratifying by body mass index, total urinary phthalate metabolites levels were negatively associated with serum TPOAb levels in normal weight women when phthalate metabolites were at or below the 45th percentile. However, total urinary phthalate metabolites levels were positively associated with serum TPOAb levels in underweight women when phthalate metabolites were at or below the 30th percentile. In restricted cubic spline analysis, L-shaped nonlinear associations of mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP), and inverted S-shaped nonlinear association of mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) with TPOAb were observed. In conclusion, our findings suggest that phthalate exposure may affect thyroid autoimmunity in underweight pregnant women during early pregnancy, and the potential effects of phthalate exposure on thyroid autoimmunity may be nonlinear.

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection among Women in Beijing, China: A Two-Year Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Objective: Our study aimed to observe the dynamic epidemiological characteristics of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection among women in Beijing, China, between 2015 and 2020. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on all collected cervical specimens from women who underwent HR-HPV examination in the outpatient clinic, ward, and physical examination center of Beijing Chao yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, from April to December 2015, and from April to December 2020. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect 15 HR-HPV genotypes. Results: A total of 26003 patients were enrolled in the study. No statistical difference was detected in the HR-HPV infection rate between the two years (22.1% versus 23.1%, P&gt;0.05). The top five genotypes were HPV52/58, 16, 56 and 51, in descending order in both years. Single HR-HPV infection was the most frequent infection type in both years. The proportion of single infection in 2015 and 2020 were 73.32% (2218/3025) and 76.22% (2167/2843), respectively. There was no significant difference in infection rates across age groups in 2015, but the infection rate curve of 2020 was “bimodal”, with two peaks in young women (≤24 years-old group) group and the 60-64 years-old (y) group, with the trough in the 45-49y group. Conclusions: There was no significant change in the overall HR-HPV infection rate of women in Beijing, and the genotype distribution of HR-HPV seldom changed except for the age-related infection rate during the last 5 years. These findings may provide baseline information for local administrations topromote targeted HPV screening and HPV vaccination.

Association Between Some Different Obesity Anthropometric Indices and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Men and Women in Beijing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundObesity can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the predictive power of different obesity anthropometric indices (ObAIs) for T2DM varies with race and geographical area. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the association between different ObAIs and T2DM and determine the best index for screening T2DM in middle-aged and elderly men and women in Beijing, China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Shijingshan district (Beijing, China) from November 2011 to August 2012, involving a total of 14,558 subjects aged ≥40 years. Data on demographic information, lifestyle, history of T2DM, hypertension and dyslipidemia were collected. Body height, body weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and blood pressure were recorded. The oral glucose tolerance test or a standard meal test and blood lipid test were performed. The relationship between different ObAIs and T2DM was analyzed using multiple logistic regression.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, smoking status, alcohol intake, occupation and education degree, diabetes family history, hypertension and dyslipidemia, body mass index (BMI), WC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were positively associated with T2DM in both men and women. Compared with the lowest BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR quartiles, ORs of the highest quartiles were 2.131 (95% CI: 1.465–3.099), 1.752 (95% CI: 1.270–2.417), 1.342 (95% CI: 1.072–1.678), 2.739 (95% CI: 2.293–3.271) in men and 1.837 (95% CI: 1.584–2.130), 3.122 (95% CI: 1.980–4.924), 3.781 (95% CI: 2.855–5.007), 2.379 (85% CI: 2.040–2.775), respectively, in women. The areas under ROC curve of BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR for men were 0.584 (95% CI: 0.568–0.600), 0.509 (95% CI: 0.492–0.525), 0.501 (95% CI: 0.485–0.518), and 0.642 (95% CI: 0.627–0.658) and 0.619 (95% CI: 0.607–0.632), 0.709 (95% CI: 0.697–0.720), 0.741 (95% CI: 0.730–0.752), and 0.654 (95% CI: 0.642–0.666), respectively, for women.ConclusionWHtR and WHR have been found to perform better as predictors of T2DM in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men and women, respectively.

Cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to phthalates in pregnant women in Beijing, China.

Diet is an important exposure route for phthalates, such as di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP). In this study, we aimed to estimate phthalate exposure in the diet of pregnant women and assess the health risk. A total of 517 pregnant women in the first trimester were recruited, and food frequency questionnaires were collected. A simple distribution assessment method was used to estimate daily exposure, and the hazard index (HI) method was used to assess cumulative risk. The maximum daily dietary exposure to DEHP, DBP, DiBP, and BBP was 5.25, 3.17, 2.59, and 0.58μg/kg bw/day, respectively, and did not exceed the safety limit values. Cereals and vegetables were the main sources of the estimated daily intake (EDI) of phthalates in the diet. The cumulative risk assessment, based on the European Food Safety Authority tolerable daily intake (TDI) and the US Environmental Protection Agency reference dose (RfD), did not exceed the threshold of 1. DiBP, DBP, and DEHP had higher hazard quotient (HQ) values for cumulative health risk than BBP. In conclusion, a low health risk was posed by the cumulative dietary exposure to phthalates for pregnant women in Beijing.

Not your destiny: Autonomy in marriage choices and the intergenerational transmission of domestic violence among Chinese women

Objective This article examines how women's autonomy in marriage choices influences the intergenerational transmission of domestic violence in mainland China. Methods An original survey was administered to married women in Beijing and Chengdu (N = 1646). Seemingly unrelated regression models accounting for the association between violence perpetration and victimization were conducted. Results Chinese women's experiences of domestic violence in current marriages were associated with their exposure to interparental violence during childhood. Compared to women with no autonomy in deciding about their marriages, women with autonomy were less likely to show intergenerational transmission of domestic violence. Conclusion Women's rising autonomy disrupts the intergenerational transmission of domestic violence. The findings highlight the importance of designing relevant policies to further protect and improve women's autonomy in marriage decisions to avoid domestic violence.

Association between serum levels of TSH and free T4 and per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds concentrations in pregnant women

Many per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) may disrupt maternal thyroid hormone homeostasis in pregnancy. Concerns should be raised regarding the PFASs exposure in pregnant women because thyroid hormones are involved in the early development of the fetus. In this study, we measured the concentrations of 13 PFASs, including five novel short-chain PFASs, in serum from 123 pregnant women in Beijing, China. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or free thyroxine (FT4) levels and PFASs concentrations under consideration of the impacts of pregnancy-induced physiological factors. We found that perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) (β=0.189, 95%CI=-0.039, 0.417, p=0.10) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (β=-0.554, 95%CI=-1.16, 0.049, p=0.071) were suggestive of significant association with TSH in thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) negative women. No association was observed between all PFASs and FT4 levels after controlling for these confounding factors, such as BMI, gestational weight gain and maternal age. These findings suggest that it should pay more attention to the association between thyroid hormone levels and short-chain PFASs concentrations. Future studies could consider a greater sample and the inclusion of other clinical indicators of thyroid function, such as free T3 and total T3.

Occupational risk factors and breast cancer in Beijing, China: a hospital-based case–control study

IntroductionStudies on the association between breast cancer and occupational hazards are limited, especially in China. This is the first study to explore the relationship between breast cancer and occupational hazards...

Analysis on depression state outcomes and influencing factors of persistent depression in pregnant and perinatal women in China

Objective: To investigate the depression status of pregnant and perinatal women in early, medium-term, late pregnancy and postpartum period in China and the outcomes of depression in each period, analyze the influential factors of depression status. Methods: By using the pregnant and perinatal women mental health cohort established by National Center for Women and Children's Health of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Jilin Women and Children Health Hospital, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care and Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Guangdong province, a follow up study was conducted at 7 time points during pregnancy and perinatal period in pregnant and perinatal women in Beijing, Shanxi, Jilin and Guangdong from August 1, 2015 to October 31, 2016. The self-filled questionnaire and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to obtain the general demographic information and depression status of the pregnant and perinatal women, and the depression status and natural outcomes of the pregnant and perinatal women were analyzed. Results: A total of 1 284 pregnant and perinatal women were recruited. In this study, a total of 1 210 subjects who completed follow-up at least 6 times and postpartum 42 day follow up were included in the final analysis. The EPDS depression score at the gestation week 13 was used to indicate the depression status in early pregnancy, the average EPDS score of gestation week 17 and 24 were used to indicate the depression status in medium-term pregnancy, and the average EPDS score of gestation week 31 and 37 were used to indicate depression in late pregnancy. The average EPDS score of postpartum day 3 and 42 were used to indicate postpartum depression status. A total of 321 (26.5%), 218 (18.0%), 189 (15.6%) and 219 (18.1%) pregnant and perinatal women were found to have depression, respectively, in early, medium-term and late pregnancy and in postpartum period. The depression status in early, medium-term and late pregnancy and postpartum period were positively correlated (P<0.001), the correlation between early and middle pregnancy was strong (r=0.678), the correlation between medium-term and late pregnancy was strong (r=0.771), and the correlation between postpartum period and late pregnancy was strong (r=0.706). Among the pregnant women with depression in early pregnancy, 26.2% were depressed during the whole study period, 42.7% were depressed during postpartum period, and the results of multifactorial analysis showed that the education level of college or above of the pregnant and perinatal women (OR=0.437, 95%CI: 0.212-0.900, P=0.025), exercise during pregnancy (OR=0.586, 95%CI: 0.348-0.987, P = 0.044), high marital satisfaction (OR = 0.370, 95%CI: 0.221-0.620, P<0.001), normal body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.516, 95%CI: 0.270-0.985, P=0.045) reduced the risk for depression. Unsatisfactory living environment (OR=1.807, 95%CI: 1.074-3.040, P=0.026) increased the risk for depression. Conclusions: In pregnant and perinatal women in China, the detection rate of depression in early pregnancy was highest compared with those in medium-term and late pregnancy. The detection rate of depression increased again in postpartum period. The depression status detected in the early pregnancy remained in the medium-term and late pregnancy and postpartum period. Exercise, BMI, educational level, living environment satisfaction and marital satisfaction can affect the incidence of depression in pregnant and perinatal women.

Access to Reproductive Healthcare Services Among African Women Living in Beijing: Understanding the Challenges.

A growing body of research has explored the healthcare experiences of African migrants in China. However, within this extant literature, there is a lacuna on the reproductive healthcare experiences of African women within this population. This study adopts semi-structured in-depth interviews in exploring the challenges to reproductive healthcare access among African women in Beijing. Results indicate that African women face multiple barriers to accessing reproductive healthcare. In particular, the absence of reproductive health awareness, discriminatory immigration policy, discontentment with healthcare services, and language barrier were the key challenges identified. The study highlights the challenges of reproductive healthcare experiences among African migrant women in Beijing, China, and recommends the implementation of secure and equitable policies that cater for the needs of African women and minorities in the healthcare setting.

Dietary and exercise interventions for metabolic health in perimenopausal women in Beijing.

This study aims to investigate the effects of individualised dietary guidance and anti-resistance exercise intervention on blood pressure and metabolic indexes of perimenopausal women. Between June 2018 to August 2018, 78 perimenopausal women were recruited at the Gynaecological Outpatient Department of Beijing Pinggu District Hospital. After coding, they were randomly divided into three groups, A, B and C, by lottery. Group A was required to participate in educational seminars. Group B was required to participate in educational seminars and received individualised dietary guidance from professional nutritionists. Group C had the same intensive education classes and individualised dietary guidance as Group B, along with intensive resistance exercise. The difference in the various observation indexes was reviewed after three months of intervention. The number of patients with abnormal metabolic indexes in the diet and comprehensive groups decreased significantly after intervention, compared with the statistics before intervention. The number of patients with a waist circumference ≥80 cm in the diet and comprehensive groups decreased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.976, p=0.014; χ2=4.433, p=0.035). Before and after observation, the control and diet groups had a higher incidence of HDL <1.29 mmol/L than the comprehensive group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). After intervention, TGs in the comprehensive group were significantly lower than the control group (≥1.7 mmol/L), and the difference was statistically significant. Individualised dietary intervention combined with anti-resistance exercise can significantly improve eating and exercise habits, correct metabolic disorders and reduce the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.