Beijing In June Research Articles

A Neo-liberalist Account of China-Bangladesh Bilateral Cooperation under the Belt & Road Initiative

Bangladesh remains a strategic partner of China in the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI). These two countries have been involved in closer economic and security cooperation over the last few decades, whereas BRI provides a new impetus to amplify their existing bilateral relationship. Bangladesh’s physical location is an integral part of BCIM overland connectivity, whereas the country’s sea area falls into the Maritime Silk Route of BRI. In this regard, Chinese President Xi Jinping’s visit to Dhaka in October 2016 and Bangladesh’s Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s visit to Beijing in June 2019 brought about a series of bilateral agreements on diverse areas associated to BRI, including the mega projects of the construction of Padma Bridge and the multi-lane road tunnel under the river Karnaphuli in Bangladesh. Hence, the grand initiative of BRI provides a key opportunity for both China and Bangladesh to jointly pursue the course of their individual national developments. In such a context, this study aims to analyze the contemporary developments of China-Bangladesh bilateral relationship under BRI in the light of neo-liberal theory of international relations. By applying neo-liberal ideas of interstate cooperation, the study reveals how BRI has been playing.

Effect of sub-urban scale lockdown on air pollution in Beijing

After recovering from epidemic COVID-19 by April, China suffered a setback in June with an outbreak in Xinfadi market in the Fengtai District in southwest Beijing. Decreased emissions of air pollutants has characterised cities under lockdown, which has led to observations of reduced pollutant levels particularly in cities such as Wuhan, where restrictions were strongly imposed earlier in 2020. Daxing the closest monitoring site, unsurprisingly shows the largest change before and during the local lockdown in terms of NO2 concentrations: 31.9 ± 8.8 μg m−3 just before and 21.2 ± 7.38 μg m−3 locked-down. Traffic flows and NO2 fell on Beijing's Third Ring Road, while rush hour CO peaks disappeared from some inner roads. The broad daytime peak in SO2 concentrations seems to remain, but the concentrations appear lower. The partial lockdown had a clear influence on human behaviour (expressed as mobile phone activity), visits to important sites, passengers and freight on roads and fuel production. These changes were broadly consistently with the reduced pollutant concentrations and their diurnal cycles. While the lockdown was restricted to a small part of Beijing in June 2020, the more general social response meant changes in pollutant concentrations were more broadly found across the core of Beijing.

A Time Series Data Filling Method Based on LSTM-Taking the Stem Moisture as an Example.

In order to solve the problem of data loss in sensor data collection, this paper took the stem moisture data of plants as the object, and compared the filling value of missing data in the same data segment with different data filling methods to verify the validity and accuracy of the stem water filling data of the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) model. This paper compared the accuracy of missing stem water data for plants under different data filling methods to solve the problem of data loss in sensor data collection. Original stem moisture data was selected from Lagerstroemia Indica which was planted in the Haidian District of Beijing in June 2017. Part of the data which treated as missing data was manually deleted. Interpolation methods, time series statistical methods, the RNN (Recurrent Neural Network), and LSTM neural network were used to fill in the missing part and the filling results were compared with the original data. The result shows that the LSTM has more accurate performance than the RNN. The error values of the bidirectional LSTM model are the smallest among several models. The error values of the bidirectional LSTM are much lower than other methods. The MAPE (mean absolute percent error) of the bidirectional LSTM model is 1.813%. After increasing the length of the training data, the results further proved the effectiveness of the model. Further, in order to solve the problem of one-dimensional filling error accumulation, the LSTM model is used to conduct the multi-dimensional filling experiment with environmental data. After comparing the filling results of different environmental parameters, three environmental parameters of air humidity, photosynthetic active radiation, and soil temperature were selected as input. The results show that the multi-dimensional filling can greatly extend the sequence length while maintaining the accuracy, and make up for the defect that the one-dimensional filling accumulates errors with the increase of the sequence. The minimum MAPE of multidimensional filling is 1.499%. In conclusion, the data filling method based on LSTM neural network has a great advantage in filling the long-lost time series data which would provide a new idea for data filling.

Growth rates of fine aerosol particles at a site near Beijing in June 2013

Growth of fine aerosol particles is investigated during the Aerosol–CCN–Cloud Closure Experiment campaign in June 2013 at an urban site near Beijing. Analyses show a high frequency (∼ 50%) of fine aerosol particle growth events, and show that the growth rates range from 2.1 to 6.5 nm h−1 with a mean value of ∼ 5.1 nm h−1. A review of previous studies indicates that at least four mechanisms can affect the growth of fine aerosol particles: vapor condensation, intramodal coagulation, extramodal coagulation, and multi-phase chemical reaction. At the initial stage of fine aerosol particle growth, condensational growth usually plays a major role and coagulation efficiency generally increases with particle sizes. An overview of previous studies shows higher growth rates over megacity, urban and boreal forest regions than over rural and oceanic regions. This is most likely due to the higher condensational vapor, which can cause strong condensational growth of fine aerosol particles. Associated with these multiple factors of influence, there are large uncertainties for the aerosol particle growth rates, even at the same location.

Pollution characteristics, risk assessment, and source apportionment of heavy metals in road dust in Beijing, China

To analyze the spatial distribution patterns, risks, and sources of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe), 36 road dust samples were collected from an urbanized area of Beijing in June 2016. The mean concentration of most metals, except As and Mn, exceeded their corresponding background values, with the mean concentration of Cd being 8 times that of its background. Spatially, for most heavy metals, except As and Mn, the high concentration areas were mainly within the 5th ring road, especially the northern area. The geo-accumulation index of Cd and Cu indicated moderate contamination at many sites. The entire study area was prone to potential ecological risks, with higher risks within the 4th ring road. Cd caused high potential ecological risk at most sites. According to the health risk assessment results, the non-carcinogenic risks that human beings suffered from heavy metals were insignificant. However, the carcinogenic risks due to Ni and Cr exceeded the acceptable level. Based on the source apportionment using positive matrix factorization, four factors were defined for the heavy metals. Factor 1, which was traffic-related exhaust, accounted for 34.47% of the concentration of heavy metals. The contributions of Factors 2 and 3 were approximately 25% each. Factor 2 was potentially related to coal combustion, while Factor 3 could be related to the manufacture and use of metal components. Factor 4, which could be related to the use of pesticides, fertilizers, and medical devices, accounted for 14.88%, which was the lowest.

The Development of Russian-Chinese Expert Contacts on International Relations

Abstract: This article is devoted to the contacts of Russian and Chinese experts on international relations and to the visit of MGIMO-University delegation to Beijing in June 2015. The article studies the major tracks of expert dialogue between Russian and Chinese experts on contemporary international affairs: the situation in the Near and Middle East, the developments in Eurasia, the major regional conflicts. The particular attention in the Russian-Chinese expert debates is devoted to the topic of Eurasia and the perspective for agreed implementation of Russia-sponsored Eurasian Economic Union and China-sponsored Economic belt of Silk Road. The article dwells upon the key issues in the Russian-Chinese dialogue on the Eurasian affairs. Additionally the article unveils the proposals by the US experts, concerning the development of Russian-Chinese dialogue on these matters. In 2015 the US experts developed new ideas on the regional issues in Eurasia, they offer to coordinate the Chinese project Economic belt of Silk Road and the US project of New Silk Road. In 2015 the historical topic gained momentum in the Russian-Chinese expert debates. Now Russia and China jointly oppose the attempts of some countries to revisit the results of World War II. However while Russia and China are both committed to the traditional interpretations of World war II and resist any revisionism of those results, still the Chinese experts argue in favor of greater appreciation of the role and contribution by China to the victory over fascism and militarism in World war II. The article also overviews interesting discussions between Russian and Chinese experts on the reform of global governance and the formation of the new world order.

Diurnal variations of fossil and nonfossil carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing

Abstract For the source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols, measurement of 14 C is an effective technique. In particular, diurnal variations of fossil and nonfossil carbonaceous aerosols provide information about the sources and production pathways of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). In this study, concentrations of fine-mode aerosols, including EC, OC, and 14 C, were observed with a time resolution of 6 h near the urban center of Beijing in June 2010. The observations indicate that the contribution of fossil secondary organic aerosol (SOA) increased during daytime. This finding is consistent with previous studies in other urban sites, suggesting that SOA production from anthropogenic sources is important in urban areas. We evaluated the performance of two chemical transport models (CTMs) with different SOA models on simulations of EC and OC. Both models well reproduced the concentration and diurnal variation of EC. OC concentrations were underestimated by more than half by the CTM with a SOA yield model, and were better reproduced by the CTM with a volatility basis set (VBS) model. However, even the VBS model underestimated both fossil and nonfossil total carbon (EC + OC), and possible reasons for this underestimation are discussed.

The Kishi Effect: A Political Genealogy of Japan-ROK Relations

The severe deterioration in South Korea-Japan relations under Abe Shinzo and Park Geun-hye seems paradoxical given that Abe's grandfather, Kishi Nobusuke, and Park's father, Park Chung-hee, were who helped forge Japan-South normalization in 1965. However, Abe and Park are better understood as operating within nationalist conservative logic that brought their families together but now drives their countries apart. KEYWORDS: Korea-Japan relations, Kishi Nobusuke, Abe Shinzo, Park Chung-hee, Park Geun-hye, Manchukuo, Korea-Japan normalization, conservative nationalism.WHEN PRIME MINISTER ABE SHINZO VISITED WASHINGTON AFTER returning to power in 2013, he was asked to reflect on frayed state of Japan's relations with Seoul. met President-elect Park Geun-hye twice before, and had a meal with her actually, he answered. And then, her father President Park Chung-hee was close friends with my grandfather. President Park Chung-hee was pro-Japan. . . . Although we do have Takeshima issue [the territorial dispute over islands known to Koreans as Dokdo], I would like to try to work to resolve these issues and have a good relationship with Korea (Abe 2013). Abe's maternal grandfather Kishi Nobusuke and Park's father were indeed close political allies. Abe assumed, as did many onlookers, that this deep family bond would help bring Tokyo and Seoul closer.Yet quite opposite occurred in first two years after Abe and Park took power in early 2013. Indeed, two leaders refused to set foot in other's country, and only met when it was virtually impossible not to-on sidelines of 2014 Nuclear Security Summit, for example, when US president Barack Obama leaned hard on both allies to sit side by side (they sat with him in between). South Korea-Japan relations went into a kind of deep freeze, one of worst periods since normalization in 1965. Abe seemed to South Koreans to be going out of his way to antagonize them: undercutting validity of Kono and Murayama statements of apology for wartime sexual slavery- even as number of elderly Korean comfort women dwindled, arguing in Diet that the definition of aggression has yet to be established, and visiting Yasukuni, where Class A war criminals are enshrined. Park was depicted as attacking Abe behind his back in her meetings with world leaders, and books on why Koreans are anti-Japanese lined shelves of Japanese bookstores.As relationship deteriorated, it was also notable that neither leader seemed terribly distraught over it. Abe and Park's foreign policy priorities clearly lay elsewhere in Asia. Park's primary goal was to improve relations with Beijing, while Abe made a big push to strengthen political and economic ties in Southeast Asia- including Australia and Taiwan. Nearer to home, Abe confounded observers by engaging Pyongyang in a bold effort to resolve issue of Japanese nationals abducted by North Korean agents- even openly stating his willingness to meet with Kim Jong-un if necessary. Park for her part also indicated she was open to visiting Pyongyang for what would be third inter-Korean summit, while simultaneously stating she saw no reason to go to Tokyo for a summit with Abe.Kim Jong-un meanwhile was keeping a distance from his country's traditional ally, China, and Xi Jinping displayed palpable annoyance at young North Korean leader (despite bond established in 1980s between Xi's father, Xi Zhongxun, and Kim's grandfather, Kim Il-sung). To make matters stranger still, Xi hosted Park with great fanfare on a state visit to Beijing in June 2013 and then made a reciprocal state visit to Seoul following year. The traditional structure of international relations in Northeast Asia seemed to have jumped down rabbit hole, and turned upside down.In light of prominent family histories of Northeast Asia's leaders, in particular friendship between Kishi and Park, these counterintuitive shifts in alignments call for taking a deeper look into legacies passed on from their forebears. …

Estimation of biomass burning influence on air pollution around Beijing from an aerosol retrieval model.

We investigate heavy haze episodes (with dense concentrations of atmospheric aerosols) occurring around Beijing in June, when serious air pollution was detected by both satellite and ground measurements. Aerosol retrieval is achieved by radiative transfer simulation in an Earth atmosphere model. We solve the radiative transfer problem in the case of haze episodes by successive order of scattering. We conclude that air pollution around Beijing in June is mainly due to increased emissions of anthropogenic aerosols and that carbonaceous aerosols from agriculture biomass burning in Southeast Asia also contribute to pollution.

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Assessment of Groundwater in Daxing District of Beijing, China

Based on the groundwater samples collected in Daxing District of Beijing in June and October 2008, the groundwater quality is assessed and the groundwater hydrochemical characteristics are analyzed. The assessment of groundwater quality is conducted by using the F-value comprehensive assessment method, and GIS approach is used to obtain the zonation of groundwater quality. The results show that the groundwater quality is classified into II, III and IV class, and the groundwater quality gradually changes well from north to south. The groundwater of IV class is located in the northern part, which accounts for about 40% of the total area, and the major pollution factors are TDS and nitrate. The groundwater is mainly characterized by HCO3-Ca•Mg type. The concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, Ca2+ and TDS follow a decreasing trend generally from north to south, all of which have slight seasonal changes. Both natural factors and human activities have impacts on the chemical composition of the groundwater. The protection of groundwater environment in northern Daxing should be taken more seriously.

The Taiwan Question: The EU’s Responses

The Taiwan Question is in essence a struggle between the forces for and against the division of China and between the forces for and against an independent Taiwan. The cold war politics between the USA, the USSR and China brought more complications to this issue. The European Union finds its role in this region more challenging, where trilateral relationships between the US, Japan and China directly impact on the region’s politics, economics and security environment. Moreover, there exist intra-EU differences towards adopting a common position on the Taiwan issue.The paper gives a detailed account of the origin of the Taiwan Question, the strategies and the policies adopted by the EU and successive governments of the US, China and Taiwan, and also discusses the progress made towards the resolution of this issue. The signing of the landmark Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) between Taipei and Beijing in June 2010 is a strategic measure in cross-strait relations which has the potential to change the overall regional, national and international politics, economicand security dynamics.

ACHEMASIA repeats, featuring basic systems

In a world of economic recession and political change, how to handle business and technology dealings with China has been something of a puzzle for many Western companies—especially in light of the Chinese government's crackdown on dissent at Tiananmen Square in Beijing in June 1989. For the international chemical technology community, that predicament has been exemplified in reactions to ACHEMASIA, an international meeting on chemical engineering and biotechnology first held in 1989 not long after the Tiananmen Square events. Last month, ACHEMASIA took to the floor at Beijing's China International Exhibition Center for the second time. Participation by exhibitors and presenters was down 25% from the first meeting. Nevertheless, the official commitment to ACHEMASIA remains strong. The meeting and exposition are a Far Eastern equivalent to Germany's ACHEMA, held every third year in Frankfurt and generally recognized as the largest exhibition-congress in the world for chemical plant equipment and engineerin...

Letter to Comrade Deng Xiaoping

This long letter to Comrade Deng Xiaoping was written in a single breath at Beijing in June 1980. It was right after I had been officially notified of the decision of the Party Committee of the People's University that the rightist judgment on me would not be rescinded, and of the Beijing People's Higher Court's ruling that I would not be acquitted of the counterrevolutionary charge. Such being the case, I thought to myself, I might as well give yet another vent to my feelings. For there would have been no escaping my being convicted as a representative of the rightists in any case. So, I decided to send the original of my letter to the party Central Committee, while I gave a copy to one of my friends, asking her to bring it to Hong Kong by any means for safekeeping. Here, I must express my heartfelt thanks to her, one whose true identity must still be kept secret. She certainly ran a highly risky errand, trying to sneak out the long letter and keep it safe. The language of the letter was crude, but...