Beijing Daxing International Airport Research Articles

The HWAM-EMD-GRU Forecasting Model for Short-Term Passenger Flow in an Airport Light Rail Transit Line

Accurate forecasting of airport light rail transit line (ALRTL) outbound passenger flow is critical to the optimal operations of both light rail and airport systems. Considering the nonlinearity, non-stationarity, uncertainty, and periodicity of outbound passenger flow in the ALRTL, we propose a combined forecasting model that integrates the Holt and Winters additive model (HWAM), empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and gated recurrent unit (GRU). Firstly, the edge effect of EMD will greatly affect the performance of the forecasting model. To overcome this, we extend the passenger flow by HWAM. After that, the decomposition method, EMD, can be applied to passenger flow, and several intrinsic mode function (IMF) components can be extracted. After extracting all the IMFs, the remaining part is referred to as the residual (Res) component. Then, a correlation test is performed on all the components, followed by their aggregation. Finally, the GRU is used to predict each of the aggregated components, and the prediction of aggregated components requires reconstruction. To verify the performance of the HWAM-EMD-GRU, we conducted a comparative study on the hourly passenger flow data for Beijing Daxing International Airport Express and set the autoregressive integrated moving average model, HWAM, Prophet, and GRU as the baseline. Predictions of the HWAM-EMD-GRU combined model demonstrated higher accuracy than baseline models, with a root mean square error of 83.52 (Prophet is 110.21) and mean absolute percentage error of 8.32% (Prophet is 12.48 %). The experimental result shows that the HWAM-EMD-GRU forecasting model offers more accurate predictions.

Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Ground Deformation of Beijing Daxing International Airport before and after Operation Using Time Series InSAR

Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Ground Deformation of Beijing Daxing International Airport before and after Operation Using Time Series InSAR

Impact of Assimilating C‐Band Phased‐Array Radar Data With EnKF on the Forecast of Convection Initiation: A Case Study in Beijing, China

AbstractThis study used a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)‐based Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) system to assimilate reflectivity (Z) and radial velocity (Vr) data in precipitating and clear‐air regions from the Beijing Daxing International Airport C‐band phased‐array radar (C‐PAR) to improve the forecasts of a convective initiation (CI) case occurred on 18 June 2020. The results showed that high‐frequency assimilating the C‐PAR Vr in clear‐air region is conducive to increase the forecast lead time of CI by significantly improving the initial dynamic and thermodynamic fields, which creates a more accurate pre‐CI environment. After assimilating the C‐PAR clear‐air Vr, the CI case can be accurately predicted with a 20 min forecast lead time in the best‐case scenario. This is the first real‐case study to demonstrate the benefits of assimilating high spatiotemporal resolution PAR clear‐air radial velocity data for the CI process.

Designing the transition to operations in large inter‐organizational projects: Strategy, structure, process, and people

AbstractThe transition from projects to operations requires a spanning from more temporary, goal‐oriented, and evolving organizational forms to more permanent, routine, and ongoing organizational forms. A question of practical and theoretical significance is how to organize the transition to operations in large inter‐organizational projects. To answer this question, we conducted a longitudinal case study of Beijing Daxing International Airport, which is the largest transportation hub in China to date, and provides rich evidence for successfully managing the transition to operations. By analyzing the organizational design strategy, structures, processes, and management of people in the transition, we provide a synthetic framework for designing the transition to operations in large inter‐organizational projects. The framework provides a set of considerations to design organizational boundaries that build connections, emphasize coordination, and achieve continuity between projects and operations. This study contributes to the nexus of operations management and project management and the organizational design of large inter‐organizational projects.

Emissions from international airport and its impact on air quality: A case study of beijing daxing international airport (PKX), China

The Beijing Daxing International Airport is a newly opened airport, and a comprehensive emission inventory of air pollution sources has not yet been established. The lack of basic inventory data will cause difficulties in controlling the air quality (AQ) in and around the airport. Based on actual flight data, we established a comprehensive emission inventory (carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOX), hydrocarbons (HC), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2)) at Beijing Daxing International Airport. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of airport emissions on the AQ of the surrounding areas using the ADMS-Airport model. The results showed that Beijing Daxing International Airport emitted 1.15 E+03, 1.76 E+03, 1.38 E+02, 1.16 E+02, 3.53 E+01, and 3.75 E+05 t of CO, NOX, HC, SO2, PM, and CO2, respectively, from July 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021. Engine exhaust emissions (landing and takeoff [LTO] cycles) dominated all airport pollutant emissions except for PM from the power plant. Among all aircraft types, B738 emitted the most CO2, as it accounted for almost half of all the flights. The AQ simulations showed that the air pollutant diffusion range was concentrated within 15 km of the airport and the surrounding areas. The contribution of airport emissions to NOX concentrations was most apparent under the most unfavorable meteorological conditions. Based on the average pollutant concentration during the study period, the Gu'an Li Hu Primary School station was the most affected. In particular, NOX concentrations at this station were approximately 50% higher in winter than in summer. Currently, the airport's contribution to pollution in the surrounding areas is insignificant. However, with the continuous increase in the number of flights at the airport, its impact on the AQ in the surrounding areas must be addressed in the future.

Quantitative evaluation of service health condition for cutting tools on cutterhead in long-distance mechanized shield tunneling

Inspection, repair and replacement of mechanized shield cutting tools is a necessary but time-consuming, dangerous, risky and costly process. Yet, the current practice of cutting tool inspection and management does not always result in anticipated benefits. In this paper, a quantitative method for evaluating the overall service health condition (OSHC) of a cutterhead was proposed for the first time and applied to two parallel twin tunnels in Beijing Daxing International Airport Express Line. The findings indicate that one shield performed well without wear inspection and cutting parts replacement. However, the cutterhead of the other shield with mismatched new and old cutting parts after inspection and partial replacement had an unexpected worse OSHC in the subsequent tunneling. A quantitative relationship between the OSHC of a cutterhead and tunneling distance was proposed to guide the determination of an inspection shaft location for performing on-demand cutting tool inspection and replacement. The proposed method has the potential to enable data-driven, on-demand cutting tool inspection and management that is critical for achieving faster, less disruptive and cost-saving tunneling, especially beneath a highly populated urban area.

Next Flight Prediction for PKX's Frequent Flyers

Frequent flyers have been shown to have a significant impact on airline long-term profitability, so it is becoming increasingly crucial to understand their needs. Objective of this paper is to forecast the next flight of frequent flyers, which will not only improve the customer experience but also assist airlines optimize their ticketing service platforms. In the data preparation phase, we use methods including data transformation and genetic algorithms (GA) to directly extract statistical features or excavate new predictors, which is inspired by the characteristics of the frequent flyers of Beijing Daxing International Airport (PKX). We synthesize ensemble models, linear regression models, evolutionary computation models, and fusion models for prediction. The hyperparameters can be optimized by the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE). After extensive comparison, the model developed with the average fusion strategy obtains the best prediction on the test set with a minimal MSLE of 0.7893.

Service quality scale development for fully automatic operation metro system

PurposeFully automatic operation (FAO) metro system is the trend of urban rail in modern cities. This study aims to develop a service quality scale for measuring passenger service perception in the context of FAO metro system.Design/methodology/approachBased on the interviews and the dimensions proposed in the previous service quality scales of the public transport sector, this study develops a multidimension service quality scale. Face-to-face interviews and surveys are conducted to obtain the riding experience and satisfaction of passengers in the metro stations of Beijing Subway Yanfang Line and Beijing Daxing International Airport Express that are FAO metro lines. Reliability, validity and nomological validity of our scale are demonstrated.FindingsSix dimensions (i.e. tangibles, information, safety, efficiency, empathy and innovation) and 22 items are included in the scale through quantitative analysis. It is found that all of the six dimensions have a significant relationship with passenger satisfaction. Especially information and innovation are the more important dimensions of FAO metro system service quality.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the service quality literature in the public transport sector taking the FAO metro system as the object. The findings may provide a guide for the FAO metro operators to evaluate and improve their service quality.

Multi-objective optimization of operation strategy in snow melting system for airfield runway using genetic algorithm: A case study in Beijing Daxing International Airport

A hydronic snow melting pavement system is an efficient and sustainable snow removal approach. However, the conventional operation method remained unclear and usually led to a waste of energy. This study developed a thermal-economic model to assess this system's economic cost and snow melting effect. The multi-objective optimization (MOO) model and genetic algorithm (GA) were adopted to optimize the operation strategy, which includes fluid temperature (FT) and idling duration (ID). The accuracy of the MOO model was verified by a convergence study. The optimal results were organized in nomograms and implemented at Beijing Daxing International Airport. The results showed that the tournament selection method performs better in MOO solving. The optimal results indicated that it would obtain a better effect to balance the economic benefit and snow melting effect by adjusting FT than ID. And the MOO model can export the appropriate strategy in response to various snowfall conditions. Specifically, the optimal strategy implementation in the case study improved the snow-free duration ratio by 126% and saved the economic cost by 7% compared to the conventional strategies. The investigation provided an alternative operation strategy to minimize the energy cost for this system while ensuring the snow melting effect.

Key technological innovations in the construction of the main terminal of Beijing Daxing International Airport

Key technological innovations in the construction of the main terminal of Beijing Daxing International Airport

Method of Determining Arrival-Departure Window of Lateral Runway Based on Risk Theory

The arrival-departure (AD) window is actually an area that controls takeoff, where departing aircraft on the side runway are not allowed to take off when there are approaching aircraft in the AD window. To solve the operation conflict of the lateral runway system, the model and method of AD window based on collision risk theory are proposed for the first time. Firstly, the paper takes the operation process of the landing and departing aircraft under the simultaneous operation of the lateral runway as the research object, and gives the risk prediction based on the flight program protection area combining the runway configuration and the operation characteristics of the aircraft. Secondly, combined with the relative position change characteristics of aircraft pairs on the lateral runway, the real-time dynamic interval calculation model of two aircraft is built. The lateral runway collision risk calculation model based on position error theory is further established. Then, the solution process of AD window is designed based on the dichotomy method, so as to determine the final AD window boundary. Finally, taking Beijing Daxing International Airport, China, as an example, the location of the AD window is calculated, and the boundary of the AD window is determined to be 8,012 m before the entrance of Dongyi runway, and the maximum critical collision risk value is 4.9371 × 10−9 times/flight hour. The results have been verified by the control simulator and applied to the actual operation of Beijing Daxing International Airport from 2019 to the present. The practical operation results show that the proposed method and model can quantitatively determine the position of the AD window and effectively control the operation risk of lateral runway systems.

Research on the Risk Warning and Control of the Project Progress of Beijing Daxing International Airport

<p>Based on the theory of progress control and risk management, this paper systematically sorts out the progress risk of Beijing Daxing International Airport, discusses the general schedule and progress risk identification model and its approach, and constructs multi-level early warning and dynamic monitoring methods for progress risk. Meanwhile, the method for general schedule and progress risk management of large-scale airport projects is also studied. The practice of early warning and control of the general schedule and progress risk of Daxing Airport project has achieved good results, which provides support for the comprehensive progress control of Daxing Airport project, and guarantees the realization of the target completion time of general schedule.</p>

Modeling and assessment of operation economic benefits for hydronic snow melting pavement system

Hydronic snow melting pavement systems have been proposed as an energy conservation technology for pavement snow removal in response to global climate change. However, the quantification of these systems’ economic benefits remains unclear, and their operational decision-making does not consider the economic cost. This study proposes a novel method for calculating the hydronic snow melting pavement system’s economic cost and investigating the economic benefit evolution. A 2D thermo-economic model is developed. Measured data from the Beijing Daxing International Airport are utilized to validate the accuracy of the model, and the economic cost temporal variation under given snowfall conditions is demonstrated. Moreover, an extensive parametric analysis of economic cost is conducted, and sensitive parameters are identified. Then, a real operation case study under a comprehensive scenario is presented. Results show that economic cost can be divided into rapid reduction period (RRP) and stable period (SP). Fluid temperature can affect economic cost with a high fluid temperature resulting in a high economic cost in SP and a prolonged RRP. In the case study, the operation method with 0 h idling time can improve the snow melting performance and increase the economic cost by 7% compared with the method of opening after snowfall. The method with 3 h idling time can achieve optimal snow melting performance. However, its economic cost is 32 % higher than that of the method with 0 h idling time. Furthermore, staged heating method can reduce the economic cost by 7.9 % relative to constant heating method, thus providing an alternative cost-efficient solution.

The Logic of Transcendence in Airport Engineering Construction Practice: Take Beijing Daxing International Airport as an Example

The Logic of Transcendence in Airport Engineering Construction Practice: Take Beijing Daxing International Airport as an Example

Evaluation of greenness of green buildings based on carbon emissions

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate green buildings from the angle of greenness and improve the evaluation system. And the matter-element extension method is used to evaluate the greenness of green buildings, in order to provide useful references for the evaluation system of green buildings.Design/methodology/approachFirst, this paper studies the aspects of safety and durability, health and comfort, living convenience, resource-saving, environmental liability and ecological quality, etc. For the first time, carbon emission is included in the evaluation system, 18 key evaluation indexes are determined by using the Delphi method, and the green building evaluation index system is established. Then, the combined weight method is proposed to determine the weight of each evaluation index, and the greenness evaluation model of green building is established with the matter-element extension method. Finally, taking Beijing Daxing International Airport as an example, the evaluation model of green building greenness was established to evaluate the building.FindingsIn this paper, the greenness evaluation model of green building established by the matter-element extension method solves the problem of incompatibility between qualitative and quantitative material elements in multi-factor evaluation. It makes the evaluation indexes more accurate and objective relative to the affiliation calculation of the evaluation set and improves the scientific, accuracy and reliability of the evaluation model.Originality/valueIn this paper, for the first time, carbon emission-related indicators are included in the green building evaluation system, which makes the evaluation system more perfect. In addition, a more scientific extension matter-element method is used to evaluate the greenness of green buildings, breaking the previous rough star evaluation method.

Spatial and temporal analysis of the increasing effects of large-scale infrastructure construction on the surface urban heat island

With the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, large-scale infrastructure constructions (LSICs) are also increasing rapidly. LSICs with impervious surfaces have increasingly resulted in replacing natural landscapes, altering surface radiation, thermal properties, and humidity in urban areas. To study the environmental thermal changes of Beijing Daxing International Airport before and after its construction and operation, four Landsat-8 images (from the year of 2014, 2017, 2019, and 2021) were used to calculate the land surface temperature (LST). Then the LST values of four images covering the study area were compared and analyzed using the urban heat island ratio index (URI). Results show that the URI value of this area increased from 0.120 of 2014 to 0.185 of 2017 after the construction of Daxing Airport, indicating that the urban surface heat island effect in this area greatly increased. Additionally, the URI value of this area increased from 0.153 of 2019 to 0.206 of 2021 after the operation of Daxing Airport, indicating that the surface urban heat island effect in this area further increased. Therefore, we infer that this effect is closely related to airport construction and operation. Afterward, the random forest classification algorithm is used to classify land types based on pixels, and then the relationship between URI and land classification types was discussed. It is found that before the construction of Daxing Airport, both dark buildings and bare land contribute significantly to the thermal environment of the airport. After the completion of Daxing Airport, the contribution model was changed to high-reflectivity buildings and bright soil. The thermal pollution generated by the airport has a greater impact on the ground objects within the range of 7.5 km, and a relatively smaller impact on the ground objects outside the range of 9.5 km. Our results can provide a valuable reference for the study of the thermal environment caused by human activities.

Microburst, Windshear, Gust Front, and Vortex Detection in Mega Airport Using a Single Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar

Accurate wind shear detection is crucial for aviation safety, especially in landing and departure. A new approach for windshear alerting is proposed and demonstrated. This approach monitors orthogonal wind components in multiple runways using single coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL). First, the two orthogonal components of the wind field are retrieved from radial speed by an updated variational method. Then, the heading wind and cross wind on different runways are calculated simultaneously, without the location restriction of the single lidar. Finally, a windshear alerting message is generated through quantitatively evaluating the distribution of shear ramps over the monitoring area. The new CDWL-based approach for windshear alerting is implemented at the Beijing Daxing International Airport. The retrieved horizontal wind from the lidar is consistent with that from anemometers. Thanks to its high spatial/temporal resolution, some meteorological phenomena of aviation hazards, including microburst, windshear, gust front, and vortex are well captured. Particularly, all 10 windshear cases reported by crews are successfully identified during the windshear verification experiment, demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of the new approach.

Design of Air Passenger Travel Choice Intention Prediction System Based on Deep Learning

Under the Beijing-Tianjin regional comprehensive transportation system, the flow of air passengers between multiple airports in the region is more frequent. The fundamental reason for the flow of air passengers is that there are differences in the level of service quality provided by airports and airlines in the region. Passengers’ choice intention is the consumption and purchase decision of passengers on aviation services. By constructing a Logit model, this paper analyzes the degree of influence on the travel choice intention of air passengers in the Beijing-Tianjin region from five aspects: individual passenger demographic characteristics, travel purpose, ground transportation characteristics, airport operation capacity, and airport soft power. Passengers can effectively predict the choice of air travel mode in the Beijing-Tianjin region. The results show that Beijing Capital Airport is favored by business travelers; Beijing Daxing International Airport is favored by travelers because of its fast security check-through speed; for Tianjin Binhai International Airport, the convenience of getting in and out of the airport by car and the speed of airport security check-through are two significant factors. Indicators do not affect the selection of airports; reasonable follow-up arrangements when airport flights are delayed are the only significant but negatively correlated factor; the research design results provide new ideas for the analysis of passenger travel mode selection behavior in multiple airport areas, enriching the data-driven research on transportation choices.

Governing Value Creation in a Major Infrastructure Project Client Organization: The Case of Beijing Daxing International Airport

Major infrastructure projects (MIPs) are growing rapidly worldwide and have a “double-edged-sword” effect on the economy, society, and environment. Sustainability, therefore, has become a critical concern for MIPs. The sustainability of MIPs emphasizes the need to take the value creation view to scrutinize MIP practices, which calls for a deeper understanding of the value creation process of MIPs. Although research efforts have been devoted to understanding value creation in MIPs, scarce attention has been focused on the question of how a project client governs project activities, operational preparation activities, and their interplay to create value in MIPs. Based on an in-depth case analysis of the Beijing Daxing International Airport, we found that the project client adopted the three different governance arrangements of vertical blended integration, dynamic matrix integration, and continuous coupling to govern project activities, operational preparation activities, and their interplay, respectively; likewise, the hybrid values of project management value, business value, and public value were created. Following the results, we establish a conceptual framework for the governance of value creation in a project client organization of MIPs. This study not only contributes to the literature on project governance and project value, but also provides practical guidance for emerging MIPs worldwide.

Evaluation of the Elements of Ageing-Friendly Service Level for the Smart Construction of Major Hub Airports in China

The smart construction of hub airports is generally mature, but there are differences in ageing-friendly services. Based on the DEMATEL-AHP method, this paper analyzes the influencing factors and differences in the development level of ageing-friendly services in four major hub airports in China (Beijing Daxing International Airport, Shanghai Pudong International Airport, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, and Shenzhen Baoan International Airport). The paper finds that: the indicators of the degree of full passenger service in the four major hub airports have the highest influence value as active elements within the ageing-friendly service level indicator system, while full escort service and special passenger or caring service counters are most likely to be influenced by other indicator elements; the degree of full passenger self-service, priority travel service access, and baggage check-in security system or manual check-in service are the core elements that influence the ageing-friendly level the core elements that influence the improvement of the ageing-friendly service level at hub airports determine the trend direction of the overall ageing-friendly service level; immigration processing services and hand luggage security check information management system service are mostly shown as the cause elements; the service scope covered by the ageing-friendly service content at hub airports has little difference, but the emphasis of the ageing-friendly service is different.