Social Group Behavior Research Articles

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ РЕКЛАМНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ

Advertising promotes new products, technologies, providing consumers with the necessary information, which ultimately helps them make the right choice. As a social phenomenon, advertising contributes to the formation of certain taste preferences, standards of thinking and behavior of various social groups. Advertising broadcasts to society all sorts of material, social and cultural opportunities, thereby creating conditions for the realization of these opportunities in a qualitative change in one’s life. By stimulating the consumer behavior of people, advertising encourages them to improve their well-being, which has an active influence on the formation of the middle class, which is the basis in any society. Advertising, as a tool of social impact, contributes to the acquisition and expansion of new knowledge, which has a positive effect on strengthening human potential.

Social Behavior Of Panrita Lopi Group In Bira Village, Bulukumba Regency

The purpose of this study was to analyze in depth the social behavior of the panrita lopi group. This study uses a qualitative method by analyzing the social behavior of the panrita lopi group and describing social phenomena that exist in the community. The types and sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. The data were analyzed using BF Skinner's theory of social behavior. The results showed that there was a change in the social behavior of the panrita lopi group, this change was generally influenced by the work environment, both from the aspect of social objects and non-social objects. This behavior change is in the aspect of a consumptive individual's lifestyle, in the social aspect of the reduced intensity of social interaction between individuals and society in general, but this does not apply to interactions between individuals and members of the panrita lopi group.

FASHION AS A CULTURAL-SPIRITUAL COMPONENT OF HUMAN EXISTENCE

This article focus not only on the importance of the concept of fashion in the daily life of every person but its impact on the spiritual world and studies the impact on cultural, ethical and other quality properties of a person by influencing his (her) inner world. It is impossible to imagine modern society without fashion, because it significantly affects the attitude of a person to himself and even others, not only with this it acts as a factor that largely determines the behavior of individuals and social groups. The fashion industry is constantly evolving, occupying a very strong place in everyday life. As long as there are people and there is life, the concept of fashion will always find its place in our lives. Fashion is also a kind of communication system, a way of self-expression. Fashion designers give people a choice to express themselves. Fashion is a complex socio-cultural phenomenon, a mechanism of social and cultural regulation, closely related to the main values and tendencies of society's development. This article is devoted to the analysis of values and trends in fashion behavior. Keywords: fashion, society, ethics, culture, aesthetics.

What Class, What Vote? Post-Fordist Social Groups, Class Coalitions and the Mainstream Left

This article investigates the electoral behavior of post-Fordist social classes between the beginning of the 2000s and the end of the 2010s in eight Western countries, focusing particularly on the vote for the mainstream Left. More specifically, the work answers three research questions. How has social stratification changed in the countries analyzed? How have the post-Fordist social groups voted in the last two decades, and how has their support for the Left changed? What kinds of class coalitions supporting Left parties have now emerged, and how stable are they? The empirical analysis shows that the electoral behavior of post-Fordist social groups varies considerably according to the welfare regime considered. The comparative analysis also points out that Left-wing parties have taken different paths in response to the change of social stratification.

Analysis of movement behavior of pedestrian social groups through a bottleneck

Pedestrian social groups are an essential part of a crowd. In emergency situations, they may become principal victims during evacuation from buildings, such as bottlenecks in corridors. However, empirical data on the dynamics of social groups through bottlenecks are limited. In this paper, a controlled experiment was performed to study movement features of social groups through a bottleneck with different widths (i.e., 0.8, 1.4 and 2.4 m). There were 60 participants in the experiment, forming four crowd compositions (i.e., 60 groups of singles, 30 groups of dyads, 20 groups of triads and 15 groups of four-person groups). After extracting their movement trajectories in the video recordings, offset angles, passing performance, interpersonal distances and angles in group walking, relative positions in social groups, etc. were analyzed. The results highlight that the negative effect of bottleneck width on instantaneous speed for larger groups is more significant than for smaller groups. The cooperative behavior of large groups is beneficial to the instantaneous speed of pedestrians under wide bottlenecks. The size of the groups has no evident influence on lane formation. Singles adjust their movement directions more flexibly, and the offset angles of large groups are smaller. Good passing performance can be reflected in large groups through wide bottlenecks. It is proved that interpersonal distances and angles between group members depend on the group size, bottleneck width and pedestrian flow state (free and congested flow). Under the limitation of narrow bottlenecks, the walking structures of large groups can lead to diverse walking structures. The phenomenon of recurring splitting and rejoining of pedestrian social groups can be observed. These findings are helpful for crowd management in buildings.

Travel Behaviour of Vulnerable Social Groups: Pre, during, and Post COVID-19 Pandemic.

Since the emergence of COVID-19, travel restrictions due to the pandemic have influenced several activities, in particular the mobility patterns of individuals. Our main goal is to draw the attention of scholars and policy makers to a specific segment of the population, namely (1) older people, (2) persons with disabilities (PwDs), (3) females, and (4) low-income population that are more vulnerable for travel behaviour change due to crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This article systematically reviews the studies that have explored the implications of COVID-19 for the mobility and activities of individuals pre-, during, and post-pandemic using the PRISMA method. It is found that there are a few studies regarding the travel and mobility needs and challenges of older people and PwDs, and there is no direct study concerning female and low-income individuals while such crisis exist. Questions such as “What are the adverse impacts of restrictions on their travel behaviour?”, “How can they travel safely to work, shopping, and medical centres?”, “Which transportation modes can be more effective for them?”, and “What are the government and policy makers’ role in providing accessible and affordable mobility services in the presence of such crisis?” are without relevant answers in the literature.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Its Spread Is a Global Threat.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a challenge to human wellbeing the world over and is one of the more serious public health concerns. AMR has the potential to emerge as a serious healthcare threat if left unchecked, and could put into motion another pandemic. This establishes the need for the establishment of global health solutions around AMR, taking into account microdata from different parts of the world. The positive influences in this regard could be establishing conducive social norms, charting individual and group behavior practices that favor global human health, and lastly, increasing collective awareness around the need for such action. Apart from being an emerging threat in the clinical space, AMR also increases treatment complexity, posing a real challenge to the existing guidelines around the management of antibiotic resistance. The attribute of resistance development has been linked to many genetic elements, some of which have complex transmission pathways between microbes. Beyond this, new mechanisms underlying the development of AMR are being discovered, making this field an important aspect of medical microbiology. Apart from the genetic aspects of AMR, other practices, including misdiagnosis, exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, and lack of rapid diagnosis, add to the creation of resistance. However, upgrades and innovations in DNA sequencing technologies with bioinformatics have revolutionized the diagnostic industry, aiding the real-time detection of causes of AMR and its elements, which are important to delineating control and prevention approaches to fight the threat.

Crowd risk prediction in a spiritually motivated crowd

Since time immemorial, India has hosted numerous religious gatherings and periodic events. Many of these events have been marred by crowd crushes and accidents. Human behavior being a complex phenomenon, can lead to complex behaviors. This makes the safety of people in crowded places a major concern for the government and management authorities. Capturing and studying these behaviors through empirical studies is essential to predicting crowd risk at a given location. To predict the level of risk, a comprehensive crowd risk prediction model in the form of Crowd Risk Index (CRI) was developed in this study. The CRI was developed from three indices (1) Crowd Dynamic Index (includes speed, flow, density, social group, and serpentine group behavior) (2) Crowd Anxiety Index (includes patience and aggression scores) (3) Temperature Humidity Index (includes temperature and humidity). With an overarching understanding of the factors leading to critical crowd conditions, the CRI developed in this work can help the crowd managers reasonably predict the level of risk and implement appropriate crowd management measures.

A Deep Learning-Based Model for Analyzing Social Public Issues

Social work services have grown in popularity in China in recent years, and in the context of the government's support of social governance innovation, social work has emerged as a powerful tool for intervening in communal public concerns. Community public problems are a focused expression of urban community contradictions and disputes. The aging and damage problems of public facilities in old building areas without property management in urban communities are affecting the lives of residents, and how social workers should intervene in the increasing public problems in communities can no longer be ignored. This article takes the behavior of social workers as the research object. By summarizing and analyzing the existing research results at home and abroad, it clarifies the importance of social workers' behavior to solve the public problems in communities. In order to analyze the group behavior of social workers, a hierarchical analysis model for group behavior identification is proposed by combining deep neural networks. The method uses moderation network migration learning to achieve the detection of temporal consistency of multiple human bodies in behavioral groups; the recognition of individual behaviors with unconstrained duration in-group behaviors is completed through the fusion of spatiotemporal feature learning; the stable and effective recognition of g is achieved through the fusion of individual behavior categories in scenes and the contextual information of interaction scenes. It is experimentally verified that the method can detect social workers' group behaviors, promote the rational solution to community public problems, and drive the development of community multibody governance.

Etnoekologi Highland Wild Dog (Canis hallstromi, Troughton 1957) Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Lokal di Puncak Jaya, Papua

Highland Wild Dog (HWD) is Canis hallstromi from Papua that was distributed in Puncak Jaya area and is close to tribal Amungme, Damal, and Moni Kamoro. The aim of the study is to find out the local knowledge of Amungme, Damal, Moni, and Kamoro tribes about the population and behavior of HWD. The research began on the interview, then continued to obeservation using 11 camera traps placed in Gresberg area in Puncak Jaya. Analysis used is interval level values, while for measuring the HWD density and behavioral we used documentation technic. Results of the interview provide various information from each tribe related to morphology, behavior, role, management, and mythology of HWD. Result of this study reveals that the Amungme and Moni tribes have a concept in the preservation of HWD. It could be seen from the habit of people who do not utilised the HWD for hunting. Instead, they prepare a place for nursery even a den for the dogs. All the  informations collected from the community is also scientifically proven that HWD is C. hallstromi distributed in Papua, especially subalpine and alpine in Puncak Jaya, estimated population of HWD is ± 200 individuals. Observed behavior of these dogs are howling, rolling, rubbing, and having communal toilet spots. Generally, they have social behavior in groups with the number of 3-5 individuals and usually one of them is a male dog. Key words: Canis hallstromi;Ecology; Ethnoecology; Puncak Jaya. Â

Translating research on evolutionary transitions into the teaching of biological complexity.

Nested hierarchical structure is one of life's most familiar properties and a major component of biological diversity and complexity. However, there is little effort to teach the evolution of the hierarchy of life, as there is little effort to teach biological complexity per se. We propose a framework for teaching biological complexity based on research on evolutionary transitions in individuality (ETI theory). Translating ETI theory into the classroom allows students to see the connections between natural selection, social behavior in groups, and the major landmarks of biodiversity in the hierarchy of life. The translation of ETI theory into pedagogic content and practices involves (i) the new content that must be taught, (ii) the development of general teaching tools to teach this new content, and (iii) connecting the new content and teaching tools to the specific educational context including integrating with learning standards and benchmarks. We show how teaching ETIs aids in the teaching of science practices and in teaching the process of evolutionary change. Evolutionary transitions research provides a way to teach biological complexity that is familiar and engaging to students, leveraging their inherent understanding of social dynamics and group behavior.

Social grounds for criminal responsibility for violation of the established rules of drug turnover

The spread of drug addiction is a danger to both public order and public health. Persons under the influence of drugs can be a danger to themselves and to others, so the effect of some drugs on the body leads to dependence and even death. The state is called upon to protect its population from the spread of this phenomenon. One of the ways to achieve this goal is the criminal legal protection of legal relations defined by the state as possible and desirable. If a person commits acts that distort such legal relations, then the state, protecting a lawful model of behavior, imperatively gives a criminal legal assessment of the actions of this person.
 The object of the research is the social relations accompanying the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, regulated by the legislation of Ukraine. These social relations arise as a result of the following actions: inducement to the consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances; illegal cultivation of plants containing such substances; organization or maintenance of dens or systematic provision of premises for their (narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances) consumption; illegal issuance or forgery of prescriptions or other documents giving the right to receive them.
 The issue of criminalization and decriminalization is a specific link in the system of criminal law policy functions. It constitutes a complex mechanism that includes a series of successive decisions and subsequent actions, which in the end lead to the emergence of grounds for applying to persons guilty of certain actions, criminal liability or the abolition of the latter [2, p. 131]. Criminalization or decriminalization of actions is determined by social conditioning.
 Considering the multicomponent nature of the problem and its social prevalence (since it is a mass behavior of certain small social groups and even transforms the social structure), it can be concluded that effective counteraction to such a negative social phenomenon as drug addiction and drug crime is possible only with an integrated approach.

Generic learning mechanisms can drive social inferences: The role of type frequency

How do we form opinions about typical and morally acceptable behavior in other social groups despite variability in behavior? Similar learning problems arise during language acquisition, where learners need to infer grammatical rules (e.g., the walk/walk-ed past-tense) despite frequent exceptions (e.g., the go/went alternation). Such rules need to occur with many different words to be learned (i.e., they need a high type frequency). In contrast, frequent individual words do not lead to learning. Here, we ask whether similar principles govern social learning. Participants read a travel journal where a traveler observed behaviors in different imaginary cities. The behaviors were performed once by many distinct actors (high type frequency) or frequently by a single actor (low type frequency), and could be good, neutral or bad. We then asked participants how morally acceptable the behavior was (in general or for the visited city), and how widespread it was in that city. We show that an ideal observer model estimating the prevalence of behaviors is only sensitive to the behaviors’ type frequency, but not to how often they are performed. Empirically, participants rated high type frequency behaviors as more morally acceptable more prevalent than low type frequency behaviors. They also rated good behaviors as more acceptable and prevalent than neutral or bad behaviors. These results suggest that generic learning mechanisms and epistemic biases constrain social learning, and that type frequency can drive inferences about groups. To combat stereotypes, high type frequency behaviors might thus be more effective than frequently appearing individual role models.

Social Dialects and Social Stractification: the Observer’s Paradox

This work provides a concise overview of the complex interplay between social dialects and social stratification, highlighting the enigmatic concept known as the "Observer's Paradox. Social dialects, the linguistic variations influenced by an individual's social identity and background, have been a significant area of study in sociolinguistics. These dialects are not only reflections of cultural diversity but are also intimately linked to social stratification, the division of society into hierarchical layers. While the influence of social stratification on language variation is well-documented, the "Observer's Paradox" poses an intriguing challenge in this context. The "Observer's Paradox" encapsulates the dilemma where the linguistic behavior of individuals may be altered when they are aware of being observed, especially when interacting with someone from a different social stratum. This paradox complicates sociolinguistic research because it introduces an element of artificiality into data collection and analysis. When individuals modify their speech patterns in the presence of researchers, it becomes challenging to draw accurate conclusions about the genuine linguistic behavior of different social groups. This work delves into the critical relationship between social dialects and social stratification while emphasizing the impact of the "Observer's Paradox." It explores the methods and challenges faced by researchers striving to unravel the complex dynamics of language variation in stratified societies. Understanding the nuances of the "Observer's Paradox" is essential for obtaining reliable insights into the intricate web of sociolinguistic phenomena and their intersection with social hierarchy. Furthermore, this exploration underscores the importance of employing innovative and ethical research techniques to mitigate the paradox's effects and gain a deeper understanding of the social dynamics at play.

Frontal neurons driving competitive behaviour and ecology of social groups.

Competitive interactions have a vital role in the ecology of most animal species1-3 and powerfully influence the behaviour of groups4,5. To succeed, individuals must exert effort based on not only the resources available but also the social rank and behaviour of other group members2,6,7. The single-cellular mechanisms that precisely drive competitive interactions or the behaviour of social groups, however, remain poorly understood. Here we developed a naturalistic group paradigm in which large cohorts of mice competitively foraged for food as we wirelessly tracked neuronal activities across thousands of unique interactions. By following the collective behaviour of the groups, we found neurons in the anterior cingulate that adaptively represented the social rank of the animals in relation to others. Although social rank was closely behaviourally linked to success, these cells disambiguated the relative rank of the mice from their competitive behaviour, and incorporated information about the resources available, the environment, and past success of the mice to influence their decisions. Using multiclass models, we show how these neurons tracked other individuals within the group and accurately predicted upcoming success. Using neuromodulation techniques, we alsoshow how the neurons conditionally influenced competitive effort-increasing the effort of the animals only when they were more dominant to their groupmates and decreasing it when they were subordinate-effects that were not observed in other frontal lobe areas. Together, these findings reveal cingulate neurons that serve to adaptively drive competitive interactions and a putative process that could intermediate the social and economic behaviour of groups.

Принципи взаємодії органів державної влади і громадських структур як основа гармонізації суспільства

Охарактеризовано рівні співпраці між державними і громадськими структурами: інформування про діяльність державних органів влади, яке здатне видозмінити уявлення про владу, що склалося в суспільній думці, а отже, сформувати позитивний або негативний імідж; консультування, коли влада запитує громадськість щодо думки про конкретну політику, напрями розвитку чи інші державні ініціативи; діалог як двосторонню комунікацію про потенційно спільні цілі з метою розробки конкретної політики; партнерство як вищий рівень спільного державно-громадського управління із взаємними обов’язками кожної сторони. Визначено три основні принципи взаємовідносин органів державної влади з громадськістю, без дотримання яких співпраця буде неефективною: 1) участь громадськості у процесі прийняття державно-управлінських рішень; 2) соціальна довіра, яка передбачає повагу, взаємну надійність і чесну взаємодію між суб’єктами та секторами громадянського суспільства та органами державної влади; 3) відповідальність, прозорість та підзвітність. Обґрунтовано основні перешкоди для дотримання принципів забезпечення ефективної координації та співробітництва між державними органами влади та громадськими структурами. На основі аналізу функцій та принципів взаємовідносин між досліджуваними суб’єктами визначено основні шляхи подолання бар’єрів, які утруднюють необхідну співпрацю.

Потребительское поведение московских подростков на рынке развлекательных услуг: опыт социологического анализа

The modern world is rapidly entering a new era of consumption. Russia, in particular, is beginning to develop as a consumer society characterized by various types, practices, images and styles of consumer behavior of various social and age groups. The relevance of the topic is related to the lack of methodological and empirical elaboration of the problem of the spread and variability of consumer practices of teenagers in the entertainment services market. The study of the opinion of teenagers regarding the peculiarities of consumption among this age group seems to us extremely important, since it is teenagers who are the most active group of consumers in the field of entertainment. The study identified the external and internal factors that influence the choice of a particular form of leisure. The external factors are objective conditions that cannot be changed. The internal factors include socio-demographic and status characteristics that determine the choice of entertainment (gender, age and economic status of the family). Teenagers can influence their parents’ purchasing decisions regarding a particular entertainment service, which certainly has an impact on the development of the entire consumer market of entertainment services in Russia and requires its active study. The study shows that adolescent consumption of entertainment services has undergone major changes over the past decade, which creates the need for a sociological understanding of this issue.

Зачем нашим предкам понадобился синтаксис? Социальные порядки и коммуникативные заботы (прото)сапиенсов

Objective. Explanation of the late stages of glottogenesis (ordering of an utterance parts, the formation of full-fledged words from protowords, the appearance of the first syntax and grammar constructions) by means of theoretical reconstruction of social orders, challenges, communicative concerns, and practices of late erectus (proto-sapiens and early sapiens) based on indirect data, general laws of social psychology, individual and group behavior. Background. The research on the origin and evolution of language is being actively carried out in last decades. Special educational and research programs, laboratories, centers, societies, journal headings are multiplying; there are even magazines and whole book series devoted to this topic. This interest is determined by the fact that the origins of the main human features and merits such as consciousness, culture, thinking, cognition, are inextricably linked with the origin of language. In the last 10—15 years, attention has been growing to socio-psychological and paleo-sociological explanations of glottogenesis processes. This article develops this direction considering the achievements of domestic science, first the theoretical legacy of Leo Vygotsky. Methodology. An evolutionary approach with usage of multilevel selection mechanisms. Paleo-anthropological, paleo-psychological, and paleo-sociological reconstructions. Conclusions. The transition from the early stages of articulate speech to a proto-language and a full-fledged language was a multi-stage process of complexity and accuracy of utterances increasing. It was a response to step by step renewed techno-natural niches, social orders, and communicative concerns of proto-sapiens, and then early sapiens. The main role was played by the development of fire, collective cooking, joint meals, and the associated ritual practices of telling stories about events that occurred. The result was practice of distant normative control that led to further development language precision and complexity. In later stages, due to environmental and demographic factors in southern and eastern Africa, forced migrations and frequent intergroup clashes led not only to conflicts, but also to the formation of alliances. This formation required negotiations with higher levels of accuracy, logical consistency, and abstractness of communication.

The labelled container: Conceptual development of social group representations.

Pietraszewski contends that group representations that rely on a "containment metaphor" fail to adequately capture phenomena of group dynamics such as shifts in allegiances. We argue, in contrast, that social categories allow for computationally efficient, richly structured, and flexible group representations that explain some of the most intriguing aspects of social group behaviour.

Small increases in group size improve small shoals' response to water flow in zebrafish.

Social context may influence the perception of sensory cues and the ability to display refined behavioral responses. Previous work suggests that effective responses to environmental cues can be contingent on having a sufficient number of individuals in a group. Thus, the changes in group size may have profound impacts, particularly on the behavior of small social groups. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio), here we examined how changes in group size influence the ability to respond to changes in water flow. We found that fish in relatively larger groups displayed stronger rheotaxis even when comparing pairs of fish with groups of four fish, indicating that a small increase in group size can enhance the responsiveness to environmental change. Individual fish in relatively larger groups also spent less time in the energetically costly leading position compared to individuals in pairs, indicating that even a small increase in group size may provide energetic benefits. We also found that the shoal cohesion was dependent on the size of the group but within a given group size, shoal cohesion did not vary with flow rate. Our study highlights that even a small change in group size could significantly affect the way social fish respond to the changes in water flow, which could be an important attribute that shapes the resilience of social animals in changing environments.