Behavioral Therapy Approaches Research Articles

The effect of psychological counseling carried out according to the cognitive behavioral approach on depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis

The effect size of psychological counseling based on the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach on depression and anxiety, was conducted using a meta-analysis method. According to the defined criteria, eight primary studies on anxiety and 21 on depression are included in the meta-analysis. The effect sizes based on a random-effects model are also determined. The mean effect size was -0.936 (95% CI [-1.215, -0.657]) for anxiety and -0.844 (95% CI [-1.065, - 0.624]) for depression. Accordingly, CBT can have a large effect on reducing the level of depression and anxiety in participants. As a result of the moderator analysis, the effect sizes relating to depression did not significantly differ according to the type of test and experimental design. The number of sessions was a non-significant predictor of depression, but the experimental group size was a significant predictor of CBT's effect size on depression. As for the moderator analysis in the anxiety variable, the effect sizes relating to anxiety did not significantly differ by age group, types of publication, counseling, experimental design, test, and anxiety. Also, the number of sessions and experimental group size were not significant predictors of anxiety. According to these results, CBT is effective in reducing the depression and anxiety levels of individuals.

Comparison of the effectiveness of positive cognitive behavior therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy on psychological well-being among unmarried women aged 25 to 35 in Tehran

Background and Aim: One of the axes of evaluating the health of different societies is the mental health status of the people of that society, and it is very important to pay attention to the psychological health status of different groups of society, especially the youth. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating and comparing the effectiveness of rational emotional behavior therapy and positive cognitive behavior therapy on psychological well-being in unmarried women aged 25 to 35 in Tehran. Methods: The test was with a control group and with a follow-up phase. The statistical population of this research was unmarried women aged 25 to 35 years old in Tehran who visited the neighborhood centers in one district of Tehran in the second half of 2021. The sampling method was purposeful. The research included a control group and two experimental groups, the number of each group was 20 people who were randomly placed in these groups. The instrument used in this research included Ryff's psychological well-being questionnaire (1989). The data analysis of this research was done in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics. In the inferential statistics section, according to the research design, univariate covariance analysis test was used and SPSS version 24 software was used for data analysis. Results: The findings showed that both interventions are effective in increasing the psychological well-being of unmarried women aged 25 to 35, and this effect is stable in the follow-up phase. Comparing the results of these two interventions showed that the effect of positive cognitive behavior therapy on psychological well-being with an effect size of 0.54 is greater than that of rational emotional behavior therapy with an effect size of 0.49. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it can be said that the positive cognitive behavior therapy method is more effective than the rational emotional behavior therapy method on the psychological well-being of unmarried women aged 25 to 35 in Tehran, and this effect is stable in the follow-up phase. The positive cognitive behavior therapy approach can be used by therapists and clients as an effective method to improve the psychological well-being of unmarried women.

PENDEKATAN COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT) DALAM KONSELING KELOMPOK UNTUK MENGATASI KECEMASAN AKADEMIK DALAM PENYELESAIAN TUGAS AKHIR MAHASISWA

Some students in the last semester experience a lot of academic anxiety in completing their final assignment, because some final students, be it looking for titles, reading references, facing supervisors, facing thesis exams, always feel afraid so that the fear they always feel will make their actions negative or irrational. group counseling approaches that exist in guidance and counseling. The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Approach in Group Counseling changes negative perceptions or ways of thinking and acting to be better and more focused. The purpose of writing this article is so that students in completing their final assignment do not experience academic anxiety and students can change their negative perceptions where students will think in a positive direction, and the final assignment can be completed properly. Writing this article uses literature review or also called literature review. The literature is a description or description of the literature that is relevant to a particular field or topic. The results of the literature review show that with the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach in group counseling students will have a positive perception and are always enthusiastic and motivated to pass quickly in completing their thesis or final assignment so that Academic anxiety experienced by students will be resolved.

KONSELING KELOMPOK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY DALAM MENGATASI PERILAKU SELF INJURY REMAJA: LITERATURE REVIEW

Self-injury is self-defeating behavior by intentionally hurting oneself to vent the psychological pressure experienced. To overcome this behavior, group counseling is used with a rational emotive behavior therapy approach. This approach is used to help teenagers change irrational thoughts into rational ones which will later be reflected in the form of behavior. This research uses literature study. And according to the studies that have been carried out, the rational emotive behavior therapy approach can overcome self-injury behavior in adolescents.

Lifestyle Interventions for Prevention and Management of Diet-Linked Non-Communicable Diseases among Adults in Arab Countries.

The increased incidences of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases among adults are becoming the chief public health concern in most Arab countries. Economic expansion has contributed to a nutrition shift from a traditional seasonal diet to Westernized eating habits coupled with a sedentary lifestyle. Despite the rising concern for NCD mortality, public health policies are inadequately addressed. This narrative review aims to discuss the effectiveness of nutritional interventions focusing on diet and physical activity in the management of NCDs among Arab adults. A comprehensive literature search was performed using different database platforms such as Cochrane reviews, Scopus, and PubMed for articles published between 1 December 2012 and 31 December 2021. Fifteen recent research articles addressing NCDs, mainly diabetes and obesity, from different Arab countries were included in this review. Structured lifestyle interventions involving behavioral therapy approaches and personalized goals for diet and physical activity were found to improve specific health outcomes in most studies. Significant improvements in health outcomes were reported for longer-duration interventions with follow-ups. A combination of both online and face-to-face sessions was found to be effective. It is important to identify barriers to physical activity for a culturally acceptable lifestyle intervention and conduct further studies to evaluate interventions for the long-term maintenance of health outcomes.

CLINICAL TOOLS TO ADDRESS BRAIN HEALTH CONCERNS IN THE CONTEXT OF LATER-LIFE DEPRESSION

Abstract GSA’s revised KAER Toolkit for Primary Care Teams (Fall, 2021) is an important resource, yet the complexities of depressive and cognitive symptoms in aging individuals create particular challenges for generalist behavioral health providers. Mental health practitioners and their patients can benefit from evidence-based clinical intervention materials that address the intersection of depression and brain health concerns. This presentation highlights treatment strategies and clinical tools from the new Brain Health module of the revised 2021 client workbook Treating Later-Life Depression: A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach from Oxford University Press. Examples will be presented of large print within-session “Learn pages” that inform both providers and patients about normative cognitive aging and ways in which cognitive functioning can be affected by depression. Between-session “Practice forms” will also be demonstrated that address lifestyle factors to promote brain health, consideration of whether to complete a cognitive evaluation, and strategies to manage brain health changes.

Critical Analysis of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Approaches: Ethics and Values in Counseling

This article will begin with an overview of REBT theory before moving on to a discussion of the ethics governing the field of psychology. This paper will try to answer the question whether Ellis's (1955) REBT theory can be used independently during therapy sessions, or whether it requires a combination of ethics and values to provide the best service to clients or not. Ethical considerations must be applied to the application of theory to improve it and make it more useful in therapy sessions, therefore it is important to determine how well theory can function on its own while still meeting the needs of its clients.

Konseling Cognitive Behavior Therapy Islami untuk Meningkat Self-Regulated Learning Santri Tingkat Mts

In Islamic boarding schools, santri are required to be able to adapt well to the activities and regulations that apply. The number of schedules that must be accepted by santri, sometimes creates different conditions that can have an impact on their life patterns. However, sometimes it is found that some Mts santri have difficulty in the learning process. Therefore, one way to overcome these learning difficulties is to increase self-regulated learning. The Islamic cognitive behavior therapy treatment is one of the effective efforts to increase self-regulated learning for MTs santri which can be observed through changes in the behavior and thoughts of these santri. The purpose of this research is to formulate how Islamic cognitive behavior therapy counseling is effective to improve self-regulated learning for santri at the Mts level. This research uses a quantitative quasi-experimental method and a nonequivalent control group design model through a pre-posttest approach. Based on the results of the research, after Islamic cognitive behavior therapy counseling, there was an increase in the medium category from 11 santri, it decreased to 2 santri and in the high category from 16 santri it increased rapidly to 27 santri. The experimental class has a mean of 90.37 while the control class has a mean of 83.57. Thus, it can be interpreted that the provision of Islamic cognitive behavior therapy to santri increases self-regulated learning. The implementation of the Islamic cognitive behavior therapy approach uses functional analysis of ABC (Antencedent, Behavior, Consequences) which has been modified with Islamic values ​​and invites santri to always be optimistic (at-tafâul) and help (at-ta'awûn) in their learning.
 Keywords: Counseling, Islamic CBT, Self-Regulated Learning

Outcomes from a brief group behavior therapy approach for social anxiety disorder in adolescence: An exploratory clinical trial

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) usually develops in adolescence and is maintained by avoidance and safety seeking behaviors, which are the focus of behavioral therapy (BT). This work explored the outcomes of a brief group BT for SAD in adolescence, combining exposure with skills training. Fourteen adolescents (aged 14-18 years old) diagnosed with SAD received the intervention. BT was compared to a waiting list condition (n = 10) from pre- to post-intervention; how change in avoidance and safety behaviors predicted post-intervention social anxiety was also tested. Significant improvement was limited to anxiety and avoidance when interacting in new social situations, which may be due to skills training having been focused on general interaction. Only change in avoidance predicted post-intervention social anxiety. Though exploratory, current findings suggest BT to be a relevant approach to SAD. As such, it may inform future more robust studies on interventions tailored to specific core social fears.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran PAI Melalui Pendekatan Behavior Modification di SDIT VIP Al-Huda Candiwulan

The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes and learning motivation through a behavior modification approach in class IV of SDIT VIP Al-Huda Candiwulan Kebumen, Central Java. This research was carried out using the classroom action research method. This research was conducted in two cycles. Data collection techniques used in this study were tests and observations. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, namely calculating the mean and standard deviation. Furthermore, using the standard formula formula, the data is compiled with a frequency distribution table. Data analysis is by comparing the scores obtained from Cycle I and Cycle II (data on learning outcomes and student motivation). The data analysis was the analysis of variance of the paired-samples t-test formula with the help of SPSS PASW Statistics 18. The results of the study were: (1) the level of student learning outcomes through the behavior modification approach was included in the fairly good category; (2) the level of students' learning motivation through the behavior modification approach is included in the fairly high category; and (3) there is an increase in student learning outcomes and motivation through a behavior modification approach in Class IV SDIT VIP Al-Huda Candiwulan.

Reducing Cannabis Use in Young Adults With Psychosis Using iCanChange, a Mobile Health App: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (ReCAP-iCC).

Cannabis use is the most prevalent among adolescents and young adults; frequent consumption is associated with cannabis use disorder (CUD) and psychosis, with a high prevalence (up to 50%) of CUD in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Early Intervention Services (EIS) for psychosis include face-to-face psychosocial interventions for CUD, because reducing or discontinuing cannabis use improves clinical and health care service use outcomes. However, multiple barriers (eg, staff availability and limited access to treatment) can hinder the implementation of these interventions. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions may help circumvent some of these barriers; however, to date, no study has evaluated the effects of mHealth psychological interventions for CUD in individuals with FEP. This study describes the protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial using a novel mHealth psychological intervention (iCanChange [iCC]) to address CUD in young adults with FEP. iCC was developed based on clinical evidence showing that in individuals without psychosis, integrating the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and behavioral self-management approaches are effective in improving cannabis use-related outcomes. Consenting individuals (n=100) meeting the inclusion criteria (eg, aged 18-35 years with FEP and CUD) will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention (iCC+modified EIS) or control (EIS) group. The iCC is fully automatized and contains 21 modules that are completed over a 12-week period and 3 booster modules available during the 3-month follow-up period. Validated self-report measures will be taken via in-person assessments at baseline and at 6, 12 (end point), and 24 weeks (end of trial); iCC use data will be collected directly from the mobile app. Primary outcomes are intervention completion and trial retention rates, and secondary outcomes are cannabis use quantity, participant satisfaction, app use, and trial recruiting parameters. Exploratory outcomes include severity of psychotic symptoms and CUD severity. For primary outcomes, we will use the chi-square test using data collected at week 12. We will consider participation in iCC acceptable if ≥50% of the participants complete at least 11 out of 21 intervention modules and the trial feasible if attrition does not reach 50%. We will use analysis of covariance and mixed-effects models for secondary outcomes and generalized estimating equation multivariable analyses for exploratory outcomes. Recruitment began in July 2022, and data collection is anticipated to be completed in July 2024. The main results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2024. We will engage patient partners and other stakeholders in creating a multifaceted knowledge translation plan to reach a diverse audience. If feasible, this study will provide essential data for a larger-scale efficacy trial of iCC on cannabis use outcomes in individuals with FEP and CUD. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05310981; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05310981. PRR1-10.2196/40817.

Contribution Analysis of Cognitive Behavior Theraphy Approach in Group Guidance to Student Bullying Behavior

This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental type by looking at changes in research data between before and after being given treatment. The population in this study was 40 students of class XII then the sampling technique used purposive random sampling. The results of the reliability test of the bullying behavior character instrument were 0.911. The research data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The research findings show that the correlation obtained from the SPSS output model summary 26.00 shows the magnitude of the results of the hypothesis test with the Wilcoxon test, the output is 2.807b with the value of Asymp.Sig. = 0.005 (2-tailed) is less than < 0.005, then Ha is accepted. Here there are 10 positive data (N) which means that 10 students experienced a decrease in bullying behavior from the Pre-Test value to the Post Test value. The mean rank or average increase is 5.50, while the number of positive rankings or the sum of Ranks is 55.00. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the cognitive behavior therapy approach in group guidance can have an influence on the decline in bullying behavior of students at SMK Persatuan Amal Bakti 3 Medan TA. 2021/2022

Group Counseling: Reducing Cheating Behavior with a Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Approach

Cheating behavior is an activitythat appear to accompany teaching and learning process activities that can erode positive personality in students because they use dishonest methods in achieving academic grades. This study aims to test the effectiveness of group counseling with a rational emotive behavior therapy approach to reduce students' cheating behavior. This type of research is a quantitative research with the type of experimental research. The type of experimental design in this study was Quasi Experiment with The Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were students of SMAN 6 Padang and students of SMAN 3 Padang as many as 543 students. The sample in this study was 400 students, and 16 students were taken which were divided into 8 students for the experimental group and 8 students for the control group. Sampling used purposive sampling. This study used a data collection tool in the form of a cheating behavior questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that group counseling services using a rational emotive behavior therapy approach are effective in reducing students' cheating behavior. So that this research can be used as input material as a basis for counseling teachers/counselors in providing group counseling services using a rational emotive behavior therapy approach in an effort to overcome and prevent students' cheating behavior.

Association of internet addiction with anxiety, stress and quality of life among undergraduate students

Background: This study examined undergraduate MBBS and nursing students' quality of life with internet addiction and the association of anxiety and stress. Aim: We aimed to partially replicate the participant's online activities, changes in behaviour by internet addiction, quality of life when internet access was not possible and frequency of internet use. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was applied in included university involving 400 MBBS and nursing students. World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) scale for assessment of the personal quality of life. Scores of internet addiction test, Beck Anxiety Inventory and WHOQOL-BREF were compared by using the Mann–Whitney test or Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The main findings revealed various risk factors associated with internet addictions, such as psychological distress, anxiety, mood disorders, suicidality, aggression, stress and sleep problems. Most of the intervention studies used an invariant behavioural therapy approach, although other interventions appeared effective in reducing addiction symptoms. Conclusion: Based on the students' addiction finding of an association between quality of life with internet addiction and anxiety and stress problems across combination with high prevalence rates amongst adolescents and university students, the individuals will use these tools. The implication of these findings is further discussed, and research is needed to develop and implement prevention strategies and treatment offers.

The Appropriateness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Reduce Adolescent’s Social Media Addiction

Millennial generation is currently faced with rapid developments and advances in the field of technology and communication. The use of technology can be utilized for a lot of things, such as interacting in social media by sending messages or voice note, calling, listening to music, reading books through digital platform, reserving hotel, online, going online shopping in one time. Social media provides many experiences from psychological perspective with the potential which can cause problematic behavior. The use of social media in society can be termed as a double-edged sword causing negative effects such as, addiction or dependence on social media. Social media addiction is potentially becoming mental health problem for some users accessing excessively without any limit social media addiction is a habit or behavior that gives the feeling of pleasure when accessing the social media account for a long time and feels uncomfortable, angry, or bored if he cannot open the account. CBT is a therapy directing and modifying thoughts, feeling, and action by emphasizing the brain as analysis, decision making, questioning, action, and return decision that are directed at changing for better behavior. Th purpose of the study is to produce counseling module with cognitive behavior therapy setting group approach to reduce practical social media addiction and can be useful for counseling teachers at school. Through counseling with CBT approach, clients are trained to monitor their mindset and identify feelings and situations that can trigger their social media addiction behavior. This study uses ADDIE model development (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), because ADDIE model employs general and systematic basis, the framework is gradual from one part to another. The counseling module for cognitive behavior therapy approach to reduce social media addiction in adolescents is appropriate both in content and appearance. It is ready to be used by counseling teachers at schools.

Implementation of the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Approach in Fostering Students' Learning Motivation

Learning is a process that is pursued by each individual in order to achieve a better change and increase insight. It can be obtained through individual experiences with their interactions in the surrounding environment. This aricle analyzed the implementation of the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Approach in fostering students' learning motivation. The method used a literature review, where the author conducts a literature review on the variables discussed, the results of which are presented in the form of document descriptions and arguments. While the review process involves several stages, first, giving coded the data, evaluated and looked for relevance, interpreted it in depth to conclude if the findings were relevant in answering valid questions. This study was entirely dependent on secondary data in the form of field details that have been published in various scientific publication journals. The results showed that the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) approach can increase students' learning motivation because this approach views humans as individuals who have a tendency to think irrationally and rationally. The Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) approach eliminate emotional disorders that can damage the individual such as anxiety, feelings of hatred, feelings of fear, feelings of trouble, anger. Through the REBT approach, individuals with emotional disorders are treated to have high learning motivation so that the potential in students can develop optimally
 Keywords: Rational Emotive Behavior Theraphy, Learning Motivation, Emotional Disorders

MENGATASI KECEMASAN MENGHADAPI MENSTRUASI REMAJA AWAL MELALUI PENDEKATAN RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY

REBT is a step in improving and changing irrational attitudes, perceptions, ways of thinking, beliefs and views of clients into rational ones. The purpose of this study is to describe counseling through a rational emotive behavior therapy approach to overcome anxiety when facing menstruation in early adolescence through seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 4 Kudus.This research method is descriptive qualitative. The dependent variable in this study is anxiety during menstruation, while the independent variable is guidance services with discussion techniques. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, documentation, interviews. Analysis with data review methods, data reduction, data coding and data analysis.The results of the study were counseling on the REBT approach through discussion techniques with steps such as: assessment, antecedent event/activity, believe, consequence, disputing/treatment, effect/expectation and closure, and factors that cause anxiety during menstruation include lack of knowledge about menstruation, already entering menstruation. age of menarche, lack of support and love for mothers and lack of sources of information about menstruation.

Reversing the Ruin: Rehabilitation, Recovery, and Restoration After Stroke.

Purpose of ReviewStroke is a common cause of disability in aging adults. A given individual’s needs after stroke vary as a function of the stroke extent and location. The purpose of this review was to discuss recent clinical investigations addressing rehabilitation of an array of overlapping functional domains.Recent FindingsResearch is ongoing in the domains of movement, cognition, attention, speech, language, swallowing, and mental health. To best assist patients’ recovery, innovative research has sought to develop and evaluate behavioral approaches, identify and refine synergistic approaches that augment the response to behavioral therapy, and integrate technology where appropriate, particularly to introduce and titrate real-world complexity and improve the overall experience of therapy.SummaryRecent and ongoing trials have increasingly adopted a multidisciplinary nature — augmenting refined behavioral therapy approaches with methods for increasing their potency, such as pharmaceutical or electrical interventions. The integration of virtual reality, robotics, and other technological advancements has generated immense excitement, but has not resulted in consistent improvements over more universally accessible, lower technology therapy.

Group Counseling with Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Approach to Improve Students' Literacy and Paraphrasing Ability

Postmodern-era education requires critical abilities. High school students are not only required to memorize and understand the subjects presented by the teacher. However, they can analyze the usefulness of subjects in everyday life critically. The students consider this task heavy because their literacy and paraphrasing skills are still deficient. Therefore, group counseling is needed so that high school students literacy and paraphrasing skills are proficient. The method used is group counseling with a Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) approach. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study indicate that the literacy and paraphrasing skills of high school students are improved by (i) directing the use of social media properly and correctly in the classroom; (ii) training by direct practice in the learning process and through assignments that can include the application of paraphrasing; and (iii) being a role model in reading and paraphrasing information.

EFEKTIVITAS KONSELING KELOMPOK RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA DI MAN BARITO UTARA

Self-confidence is very supportive of the learning process at school. The emergence of self-confidence in students can make their potential develop optimally. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy group counseling to increase student confidence in MAN Barito Utara. The methodology of this research quantitative experimental approach with pre-experimental designs type one group pretest-posttest. The research sample consisted of 5 students of class XI MIPA 3 at MAN Barito Utara which were taken using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this study used a group counseling Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy guide, self-confidence scale, observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the calculation of the average self-confidence score before participating in group counseling services, namely 95.5 low category with a percentage of 59.4% after participating in group counseling services using the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) approach increased to 105.4 medium category with a percentage 65.4%. Students get an improvement in self-confidence scale scores and an increase in the category from low to medium category. The results of the Paried T-Test test show that the sign (2-tailed) is 0.007 < 0.05, Ha is accepted. As a result, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy group counseling is effective in increasing students' self-confidence in MAN Barito Utara.