Behavior Rating Scale Research Articles

A Comparative Study to Appraise the Level of Behavioural Problems of Preschool Children with Employed and Unemployed Progenitor in the Selected Rural Area of Salem

Background: Preschool children exhibit deviated behavior from the normal behavior as expressed by mothers was assessed by using Modified Lenore Behar Preschool Behavioural rating scale, which will be categorized in to Temper tantrum, Speech disorder, Sleep disorder, eating habits, Pollex sucking, Onychophagia, Bed-wetting, Encopresis, Emotional stability, School refusal, Self-care activities and Social behavior.  Method: The study was applied descriptive research design. The researcher decided on 60 samples through convenience sampling technique, in which 30 were work in female parent and 30 samples were workless in female parent of nursery kid. Modified Lenore Behar Preschool Behavioural rating scale were used to gather the data. The appliances consist of two portion, division I: demographic variables of mother, division II: Modified Lenore Behar Prekindergarten Behavioural rating scale which include speech problem, sleep problem, eating habit, temper tantrum, thumb sucking, nail biting, self- help, encopresis, encopresis, school refusal, and social factor. Inferential statistics and descriptive statistics were utilized to assemble data.  Result: The findings stated that, the level of behavioural among 30 samples of employed mothers, 3(10%) had preschool children with Mild behavioural problems, 23(77%) had nipper with Moderate behavioural problems and 4(13%) of the samples had nipper with Severe behavioural problems and among. The 30 samples of unemployed mothers, 22(73%) had preschool children with Mild behavioural problems, 6(20%) had nursery school with Moderate habitual problems and 2(7%) of the samples had crèche with Severe habitual problems.  Conclusion: This study examined the prevalence of behavioral issues in nipper of work in female parent versus workless in female parent. The results indicated that preschoolers with employed mothers exhibited more behavioural problem compared to those with unemployed mothers. The research topic is important issue in the society for identifying the behavioral problem, the preschool children are the future wellbeing of the world So, it is necessary to aware the parent to prevent the behavioural problem of preschool children by treatment, psychological counseling and health education.

Behavioral Problems and Self-Feeding Independence Among Patients With Acute Stroke: A Single-Center Study.

Self-feeding independence is often the first goal in acute stroke rehabilitation. Attention deficits appear frequently after stroke, but neuropsychological tests may be difficult to perform in the acute phase, and the effect on self-feeding activities may be difficult to detect. Therefore, we aimed to clarify behavioral problems with self-feeding using the Moss Attention Rating Scale (MARS), a behavioral observational rating scale of attentional function, for a better understanding of the effects of self-feeding. To identify behavioral problems caused by attention deficits among patients with acute stroke who need assistance in self-feeding, using the MARS. Cross-sectional single-center study. St. Marianna University Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan. A total of 96 patients (42 women and 54 men) were admitted to the hospital for stroke treatment. Patients' median age was 75.0 yr. The date of evaluation was a median of 3.0 days from admission. The primary outcome was the FIM® eating subscore. The secondary outcome was the MARS score. Significant differences were noted in the total raw MARS, logit, and three-factor scores for self-feeding independence (p < .01). The effect size of the consistent or sustained factor on independence was large (r = .83). Behavioral problems related to self-feeding dependence include the inability for sustained attention. Our results suggest that sustained concentration during self-feeding is necessary for eating independence. Rehabilitation focused on sustained attention is important for independent self-feeding. Plain-Language Summary: A patient's self-feeding independence is often the first goal in acute stroke rehabilitation. Patients frequently experience attention deficits after a stroke, but neuropsychological tests may be difficult to perform in the acute phase of rehabilitation, and the effect of attention deficits on self-feeding may be difficult to identify. To have a better understanding of the effects on self-feeding, this study aimed to identify behavioral problems using the Moss Attention Rating Scale (MARS). The study found that the MARS can be used to identify behavioral problems related to self-feeding independence, which can help occupational therapists to develop rehabilitation programs for their clients who have experienced a stroke.

Effects of time-restricted eating and low-carbohydrate diet on psychosocial health and appetite in individuals with metabolic syndrome: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Background & aimsTime-restricted eating (TRE) and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) can improve multiple cardiometabolic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), but their effects on psychosocial health and satiety are unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of TRE, LCD, and their combination (TRE+LCD) on quality of life (QoL), sleep, mood, appetite, and metabolic hormones in patients with MetS. MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a single-center, 3-month, open-label, randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of TRE, LCD, and TRE+LCD on weight and cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with MetS. This secondary analysis examined QoL, sleep, mood, and appetite using the Rand 36-Item Short Form (SF-36); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; and Eating Behavior Rating Scale, respectively, as well as measured levels of metabolic hormones including leptin, amylin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and peptide YY. Between-group comparisons were conducted via one-way ANOVAs and post hoc LSD tests for normally distributed variables or Kruskal‒Wallis H tests and the Nemenyi test for abnormally distributed variables. P < 0.017 was considered significant in multiple comparisons following Bonferroni adjustment. ResultsA total of 162 participants (mean [SD] age, 41.2 [9.9] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 29.3 [3.4] kg/m2; 102 [63%] men) who started the intervention were analyzed. After 3 months, only the TRE group decreased GLP-1 levels (-0.9 [95% CI, -1.9 to -0.3] pg/mL; P = 0.002), increased PP levels (8.9 [95% CI, -7.6 to 71.8] pg/mL; P = 0.011), physical functioning in the SF-36 (5.2 [95% CI, 1.9 to 8.5]; P = 0.001), social functioning in the SF-36 (9.1 [95% CI, 2.5 to 15.6]; P = 0.005), role-physical in the SF-36 (24.1 [95% CI, 11.8 to 36.4]; P < 0.001), role-emotional in the SF-36 (22.4 [95% CI, 12.6 to 32.2]; P < 0.001), and sleep efficiency in the PSQI (0.29 [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.55]; P = 0.021). Compared with changes in LCD, TRE further increased general health in the SF-36 (9.7 [95% CI, 3.3 to 16.0]; P = 0.006). Relative to the changes of TRE+LCD, TRE significantly increased role-emotional in the SF-36 (19.9 [95% CI 4.9 to 34.8]; P = 0.006). Changes in sleep quality, mood status, appetite, and metabolic hormones did not differ among three groups. Greater weight loss was associated with decreased leptin levels (r = 0.538), decreased amylin levels (r = 0.294), reduced total appetite scores (r = 0.220), and improved general health (r = -0.253) (all P ≤ 0.01). ConclusionsTRE, LCD, and TRE+LCD all could improve psychosocial health and reduce appetite. Notably, TRE yielded greater benefits in QoL compared with LCD or TRE+LCD in individuals with MetS. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04475822.

The impact of children’s attentional behaviour and parent–child interaction on children’s self regulation skills

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the predictive role of parent–child interaction on children's self-regulation skills during the preschool period. The study was conducted on a sample consisting of 219 children aged 5–6 and their mothers, selected using convenience sampling method. In the research, mothers’ interactions with their children were evaluated using the Maternal Behavior Rating Scale, while children’s interactions with their mothers were assessed using the Child Behavior Rating Scale, and children’s self-regulation skills were evaluated based on performance using the Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment. The findings indicate that interaction elements predicting children’s self-regulation skills at a high and positive level include children’s attention, as well as mothers’ sensitive-responsive behaviors. The interaction element predicting self-regulation skills at a negative level is mothers’ focus on achievement and directive behaviour. In contrast, neither the children’s initiation of interaction nor the mothers’ emotional and expressive behaviors were significant predictors of the children’s self-regulation skills. The results were discussed in light of existing literature and suggestions for future research were provided.

The Clinical Assessment of Prosocial Emotions (CAPE): Initial tests of reliability and validity in a clinic-referred sample of children and adolescents.

Recent changes to diagnostic criteria for serious conduct problems in children and adolescents have included the presence of elevated callous-unemotional traits to define etiologically and clinically important subgroups of youth with a conduct problem diagnosis. The Clinical Assessment of Prosocial Emotions (CAPE) is an intensive assessment of the symptoms of this limited prosocial emotions specifier that uses a structured professional judgment method of scoring, which may make it useful in clinical settings when diagnoses may require more information than that provided by behavior rating scales. The present study adds to the limited tests of the CAPE's reliability and validity, using a sample of clinic-referred children ages 6-17 years of age, who were all administered the CAPE by trained clinicians. The mean age of the sample was 10.13 years (SD = 2.64); 54% of the sample identified as male and 46% identified as female; and 67% of participants identified as White, 29% identified as Black, and 52% identified as another race/ethnicity (i.e., Asian, Hispanic/Latinx, or other). The findings indicated that CAPE scores demonstrated strong interrater reliability. The scores also were associated with measures of conduct problems and aggression, even when controlling for behavior ratings of callous-unemotional traits. Further, when children with conduct problem diagnoses were divided into groups based on the presence of the limited prosocial emotions specifier from the CAPE, the subgroup with the specifier showed more severe conduct problems and aggression. The results support cautious clinical use of the CAPE, its further development and testing, and research into ways to make its use feasible in many clinical settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychometric Properties of a Wellness Behavior Rating Scale for Young Adolescents.

We examined the psychometric properties of the Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Technology (PANT) survey, developed by researchers to track weight management behaviors among youth. Data from 2,039 middle school students (M age = 12.4, SD = .5; 51.4% girls) were analyzed to explore and then confirm the factor structure of the PANT survey. We also examined the bivariate associations between the PANT survey, body mass index (BMI), and the Progressive Aerobic Cardiorespiratory Endurance Run (PACER). Results suggest that the PANT survey is comprised of two factors-Physical Activity and Healthy Choices-each with adequate internal consistency (α = .79 and 0.86, respectively). The Physical Activity subscale appears to be significantly associated with both z-BMI (r = -0.10, p < .001) and the PACER (r = 0.33, p < .001) in the anticipated directions, but the criterion validity of the Healthy Choices subscale is less clear. We discuss these findings and explore future directions for developing meaningful self-report wellness behavior scales for youth.

Evaluation of dental behavior, anxiety, fear, and its correlation with trait emotional intelligence in 8-12-year-old children: Exploring a new frontier in behavior modification.

Children's fear and distress in dental settings often lead to anxiety and behavior issues. This study delves into why some children experience dental anxiety, whereas others do not, attributing differences to child-rearing and personality traits. Emotional intelligence (EQ), the ability to comprehend, generate, and manage emotions, is explored as a factor influencing a child's dental experience. This novel intelligence theory accommodates the intricacies of human-environment interactions. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between EQ and a child's dental anxiety, fear, and behavior in children aged 8-12 years. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Child Short Form, specifically developed for children aged between 8 and 12 years, was used among 100 participants reporting to the department outpatient department. The Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale, Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale, and Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale were used to evaluate behavior, anxiety, and fear, respectively. Results show a positive correlation between EQ and dental behavior (P = 0.002) whereas a negative correlation between EQ and dental anxiety and fear (P < 0.001). This study sheds light on the intricate interplay between emotional intelligence, dental behavior, anxiety, and fear among children. By recognizing the impact of EQ, dental practitioners could adopt personalized strategies to alleviate anxiety and enhance cooperation, improving overall dental experiences for young patients.

Efficacy and safety of venlafaxine versus nortriptyline for the preventive treatment of migraine: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

ObjectiveMigraine, as a primary headache disorder, stands as one of the primary causes of disability worldwide. Consequently, prophylactic treatments are highly recommended for individuals experiencing recurrent migraine episodes. Our study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety profiles of venlafaxine and nortriptyline in the prophylactic management of migraine. MethodsIn this single-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 210 migraine patients were allocated into two groups in a 1:1 ratio. One group received venlafaxine (37.5 mg, orally twice daily), while the other group administered nortriptyline (25 mg, orally once daily). A neurologist documented (1) headache intensity using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and 6-point Behavioral Rating Scale (BRS-6), (2) headache frequency (per month), and (3) headache duration (in hours) of participants on days 0, 45, and 90 of the intervention. ResultsFollowing the 90-day intervention, a significant decrease was observed in VAS, BRS-6, frequency, and duration of headaches within both groups (all with p-values <0.001). No difference in VAS, BRS-6, or headache durations was observed between the two groups after 45 and 90 days of treatment (all p-values > 0.05). Although the headache frequency exhibited no difference between the groups after 45 days (p-value = 0.097), a significantly lower frequency in the venlafaxine group was observed at day 90 of the intervention (p-value = 0.011). The reductions in attack parameters in the 0–45- and 0–90-day intervals did not meet statistical significance between the two groups (p-values > 0.05). 77.0 % of the participants in the venlafaxine group and 79.2 % in the nortriptyline group experienced a minimum of 50 % improvement in all attack parameters. Venlafaxine demonstrated a statistically significant lower incidence of adverse reactions in comparison to nortriptyline (p-value = 0.005). A total of 33 adverse drug reactions were documented in the venlafaxine group and 53 in the nortriptyline group, with insomnia observed in the former and xerostomia in the latter as the most prevalent side effects. ConclusionsVenlafaxine and nortriptyline demonstrate clinically significant and comparable therapeutic efficacy for migraine patients in reducing the intensity, frequency, and duration of headache attacks. Venlafaxine may be preferred to nortriptyline in the context of migraine preventive treatment under comparable conditions due to its lower incidence of adverse effects.

Strengths and Difficulties Regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Correlation with Social Responsiveness and Disorder Severity

Objective: Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities often experience social difficulties. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to experience peer rejection and cognitive, academic, family, and professional difficulties. This investigation aimed to identify the predictors of difficulties faced by children and adolescents with ADHD. Material and Methods: We established ADHD diagnoses based on DSM-5 criteria. Moreover, every participant had a diagnostic evaluation by a child and adolescent psychiatrist using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL) and a detailed sociodemographic form documented. Parents completed the Turgay DSM IV-Based Child and Adolescent Behavioural Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) for their children. Results: The study included 99 children, 59 in the ADHD group and 40 in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding gender and age. The mean scores of T-DSM-IV-S [Attention deficit (AD), Hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I), Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), Conduct disorder (CD)], SDQ, and SRS were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. Among the independent variables in the regression model, SRS total scores significantly predicted SDQ-total (β = 0.238, p = 0.033) and SDQ-emotion (β =0.439, p = 0.001) scores in the ADHD group. Conclusion: Children diagnosed with ADHD may have more receptive deficits in mutual interactions than their peers, which greatly impacts their social behaviors. Early social skills training for social functioning impairments may reduce the condition’s social impact

Effectiveness of online responsive teaching in young children with developmental disabilities: a pilot study.

Responsive teaching (RT) interventions, which enhance developmental outcomes by improving children's engagement behaviors, are traditionally delivered in person. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic complicated this approach. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and acceptance of online RT in children with developmental disabilities and their parents. This pilot study was conducted in Jinju, South Korea, and enrolled parent-child dyads referred to Gyeongsang National University Hospital for developmental concerns between April and September 2022. The children underwent a comprehensive developmental evaluation. The parents received a 5-session RT intervention via ZOOM on a mostly weekly basis. The first 2 sessions involved child development and RT lectures, while the others involved coaching on 3 of the 66 RT strategies. Problem behaviors, parent-child interactions, and parenting stress were assessed pre- versus postintervention using the Korean versions of the Child Behavior Checklist, Maternal/Child Behavior Rating Scale, and Parent Stress Index 4th Edition Short Form, respectively. Acceptability was evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire. Of the 30 recruited parent-child pairs, 23 (76%) completed the intervention and assessments. The children (mean age, 2.66±0.86 years) included 12 with language delays, 7 with autism spectrum disorder, and 4 with global delays. Predominantly mothers (96%) participated. Online RT significantly improved pivotal behaviors- including joint attention (P=0.04), cooperation (P=0.01), and affect (P=0.01)-and reduced overall problem behaviors (P=0.04). Parents reported less parenting stress (P=0.01), improved interactive behaviors with increased responsiveness (P<0.01), and decreased directiveness (P<0.01). High satisfaction with online RT interventions was also previously reported. These findings suggest that online RT can improve children's emotional and behavioral outcomes and maternal interaction styles and reduce parenting stress, offering accessible interventions amid challenges such as limited access and pandemics.

A Study of Relationship Between Television Watching Habit and School Aggressive Behavior in Early Adolescent Students

If children are witnessing and experiencing excessive levels of violence, we cannot deny that these factors have a bad effect on our society and children. This study aimed to determine the relationship between early adolescent students’ aggressive behavior with their television watching habits. The descriptive survey research design had been adopted to answer the guiding two research questions. 100 students were selected for the administration of the standardized Television Watching Habit Questionnaire and Student's Aggressive Behavior Rating Scale (SABRS) developed by Chakraborty. The responses were then analyzed through frequency, percentage, and t-test to verify the hypotheses. The findings demonstrated that social media, including exposure to violent television shows, violent movies, videos, and video games, as well as evaluating various social media platforms, had a detrimental effect on teenagers by encouraging aggressive behavior. Restructuring secondary schools' academic curriculum to prioritize problem-solving, fact-finding, and practical learning over theory would allow teenagers to focus on academic pursuits at home, reducing screen time and social media usage.

Temperament and past behaviour can predict behaviour success for nitrous oxide sedation.

There is currently insufficient evidence on potential predictors of a child's behaviour with nitrous oxide (N2O) sedation. To examine the association between a child's temperament and behavioural outcomes during dental treatment with N2O sedation, and the child's perception to N2O sedation. At the first visit (dental treatment visit), temperament was assessed using the Child Behaviour Questionnaire-Short Form and behaviour was assessed by an independent rater using the Venham Behaviour Rating Scale. At the second visit, the child's experience with N2O sedation was elicited. Seventy-two healthy children aged between 36 and 95 months were recruited. Planned dental treatment was completed in 84.7% of the subjects. Venham behaviour success <3 and Venham behaviour success <1 were achieved in 73.6% and 33.3%, respectively. The temperament domain of effortful control was associated with Venham behaviour score (ρ = -0.266, p = .024) and Venham behaviour success <1 (OR = 3.506, 95% CI = 1.328-9.259, p = .011). Baseline Frankl behaviour score was significantly associated with all behavioural outcomes. Venham behaviour success <3 was significantly associated with a child reporting to have enjoyed the dental treatment visit (p = .026). Effortful control and baseline behaviour were associated with behavioural outcomes of N2O sedation and can be used to predict a child's behaviour.

Caution is Indicated When Interpreting Behavioral Rating Scales From Stressed Parents

Parent rating scales are used at increasing rates across disciplines to track child development and determine diagnoses/needs. This study explored relationships among parental stress and the validity of parents’ ratings of their child’s behaviors. Participants include children who were referred for assessment of behavioral, social-emotional, and development difficulties at a major metropolitan hospital in the United States. Parents completed rating scales regarding their own stress (PSI-4-SF) and child behaviors (BASC-3). Present findings indicate caution is warranted when interpreting parent report data of their child’s behavior in the context of significant parenting stress. Relying exclusively on parent-report information to assess young children in clinical setting appears contraindicated. Family/situational factors beyond the individual child are important to assess.

Examination of quality of life and psychiatric symptoms in childhood Graves' disease.

The aim of our study is to examine the emotional, behavioral problems, and psychiatric symptoms of children diagnosed with Graves' disease (GD), to assess their quality of life, and to compare with control group. The research was planned as a cross-sectional study and included 16 patients with GD (13 female and three male) and 29 healthy children for control group (19 female and 10 male). Sociodemographic form, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS-CV), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S), and Affective Reactivity Index scale were applied to the children and their families. Eighty one percent of GD group (GG) (n=13, mean age 15.1±2.2) and 66 % of control group (CG) (n=19, 14.6±2.2) were girls. No significant difference was found between GG and CG in terms of quality of life, anxiety, and depression scores. GG had higher scores in affective reactivity index, SDQ-P total score, and T-DSM-IV-S total scores (p values 0.039; 0.009; 0.023, respectively). While no significant difference was detected in the T-DSM-IV-S-inattention and hyperactivity scores, significantly higher scores were detected in oppositional defiance and conduct disorder scores (pvalues 0.172; 0.294; 0.019; 0.027, respectively). In children with GD, irritability, oppositional defiant, and conduct disorder symptoms have been detected. Children with these mental health symptoms experience behavioral and emotional difficulties in their daily lives. It is important to follow up children with GD for possible comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Early academic and behavior skills as predictors of later mathematics achievement

AbstractEarly academic skills and behavioral characteristics in students are predictive of later school achievement, but academics and behavior are commonly compartmentalized in research and practice. This study investigated to what extent first‐grade early numeracy (EN), literacy, and behavior ratings predicted fourth‐grade mathematics achievement. In fall of first‐grade, 501 students were given EN and literacy measures and a behavior rating scale completed by their teachers. In spring of fourth‐grade, students were given mathematics computation and concepts assessments. Regression analyses indicated EN, early literacy, and behavior uniquely predicted 39% of the variance in participants’ fourth‐grade mathematics achievement. Significant predictors were EN and behavior ratings (p &lt; .001), which accounted for 29% and 9% of the variance in mathematics scores, respectively.

Evaluation of Neurocognitive Functions of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation and at High Risk for Bipolar Disorder

IntroductionPediatric Bipolar Disorder (BPD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that alters normal and psychological development processes among patients. Although cognitive deficits in BPD have identified in recent studies, little is known about the developmental trajectory of these deficits. DMDD is a newly defined diagnosis included in the DSM-V. Since it added a new dimension to the clinical spectrum but few studies conducted on DMDD, there are some conflicting discussions in the literature about how to distinguish this disorder from other childhood psychiatric disorders and how to treat it.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the phenomenological and neuropsychological differences between children and adolescents with a diagnosis of BPD (Pediatric Bipolar Disorder), DMDD (Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder), and children and adolescents who are genetically at high risk for Bipolar Disorder (BD), and healthy controls (HCs) who do not have any psychiatric diagnosis, to investigate endophenotypes that may be predictive for BD.MethodsOur study sample consists of four groups, the BPD group (n=30), the Risk group (n=25), the DMDD group (n=36), and the Healthy Control group (n=29). All participants were evaluated by the “Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children—Now and Lifetime Pattern (K-SADS-PL)”. “Young Mania Rating Scale/Parent Form (YMRS-ABF), Conner’s Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48), Child and Adolescent Behavior Rating Scale (CBCL)” scales were filled by parents, and “Child Depression Inventory (CDI), Youth Self-Report Form for 11-18 Years Olds (YSR)” scales were filled by children and adolescents. Neurocognitive test battery was applied to each participant: Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), Trait Making Test A and B sections (TMT-A/B), California Verbal Learning Test-Child version (CVLT-C).ResultsWhile it was determined that the cases in the BPD and DMDD groups performed significantly worse in CPT, SCWT, CVLT-C, TMT A/B tests compared to healthy controls, it was found that the subjects in the Risk group performed worse at the CPT test than healthy controls. In addition, the cases in the BPD, Risk and DMDD groups reported more clinical and behavioral problems than the healthy controls.ConclusionsThere is a significant deterioration in the areas of continuous attention, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, response prevention, verbal memory and working memory in the BPD and DMDD groups, and in the continuous attention area in the Risk group compared to healthy controls. Prospective follow-up and imaging studies using larger samples and a larger neurocognitive test battery in the future will better reveal the neuropsychological characteristics of the BPD, Risk and DMDD groups.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Modeling and mobile home monitoring of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)

With the increasing global aging population, dementia care has rapidly become a major social problem. Current diagnosis of Behavior and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) relies on clinical interviews, and behavioral rating scales based on a period of behavior observation, but these methods are not suitable for identification of occurrence of BPSD in the daily living, which is necessary for providing appropriate interventions for dementia, though, has been studied by few research groups in the literature. To address these issues, in this study developed a BPSD monitoring system consisting of a Psycho-Cognitive (PsyCo) BPSD model, a Behavior-Physio-Environment (BePhyEn) BPSD model, and an implementation platform. The PsyCo BPSD model provides BPSD assessment support to caregivers and care providers, while the BePhyEn BPSD model provides instantaneous alerts for BPSD enabled by a 24-hour home monitoring platform for early intervention, and thereby alleviation of burden to patients and caregivers. Data for acquiring the models were generated through extensive literature review and regularity determined. A mobile robot was utilized as the implementation platform for improving sensitivity of sensors for home monitoring, and elderly individual following algorithms were investigated. Experiments in a virtual home environment showed that, a virtual BPSD elderly individual can be followed safely by the robot, and BPSD occurrence could be identified accurately, demonstrating the possibility of modeling and identification of BPSD in home environment.

Gender diversity is correlated with dimensional neurodivergent traits but not categorical neurodevelopmental diagnoses in children.

Gender clinic and single-item questionnaire-based data report increased co-occurrence of gender diversity and neurodevelopmental conditions. The nuances of these associations are under-studied. We used a transdiagnostic approach, combining categorical and dimensional characterization of neurodiversity, to further the understanding of its associations with gender diversity in identity and expression in children. Data from 291 children (Autism N = 104, ADHD N = 104, Autism + ADHD N = 17, neurotypical N = 66) aged 4-12 years enrolled in the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Network were analyzed. Gender diversity was measured multi-dimensionally using a well-validated parent-report instrument, the Gender Identity Questionnaire for Children (GIQC). We used gamma regression models to determine the significant correlates of gender diversity among age, puberty, sex-assigned-at-birth, categorical neurodevelopmental diagnoses, and dimensional neurodivergent traits (using the Social Communication Questionnaire and the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Rating Scales). Internalizing and externalizing problems were included as covariates. Neither a categorical diagnosis of autism nor ADHD significantly correlated with current GIQC-derived scores. Instead, higher early-childhood dimensional autistic social-communication traits correlated with higher current overall gender incongruence (as defined by GIQC-14 score). This correlation was potentially moderated by sex-assigned-at-birth: greater early-childhood autistic social-communication traits were associated with higher current overall gender incongruence in assigned-males-at-birth, but not assigned-females-at-birth. For fine-grained gender diversity domains, greater autistic restricted-repetitive behavior traits were associated with greater diversity in gender identity across sexes-assigned-at-birth; greater autistic social-communication traits were associated with lower stereotypical male expression across sexes-assigned-at-birth. Dimensional autistic traits, rather than ADHD traits or categorical neurodevelopmental diagnoses, were associated with gender diversity domains across neurodivergent and neurotypical children. The association between early-childhood autistic social-communication traits and overall current gender diversity was most evident in assigned-males-at-birth. Nuanced interrelationships between neurodivergence and gender diversity should be better understood to clarify developmental links and to offer tailored support for neurodivergent and gender-diverse populations.

Modeling Shared and Specific Variances of Irritability, Inattention, and Hyperactivity Yields Novel Insights Into White Matter Perturbations

Irritability, inattention, and hyperactivity, common presentations of childhood psychopathology, have been associated with perturbed white matter microstructure. However, similar tracts have been implicated across these phenotypes; such non-specificity could be rooted in their high co-occurrence. To address this problem, we employ a bifactor approach parsing unique and shared components of irritability, inattention, and hyperactivity, which we then relate to white matter microstructure. We developed a bifactor model based on the Conners Comprehensive Behavioral Rating Scale in a sample of youth with no psychiatric diagnosis or a primary diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (N = 521). We applied the model to an independent yet sociodemographically and clinically comparable sample (N = 152), where we tested associations between latent variables and fractional anisotropy (FA). The bifactor model fit well (CFI=.99; RMSEA=.07). The shared factor was positively associated with an independent measure of impulsivity (rS=0.88, pFDR<.001) and negatively related to whole-brain FA (r=-0.20), as well as FA of the corticospinal tract and the anterior thalamic radiation (all pFWE<.05). FA increased with age and deviation from this curve, indicating altered white matter maturation, was associated with the hyperactivity-specific factor (r=-0.16, pFWE<.05). Inattention- and irritability-specific factors were not linked to FA. Perturbed white matter microstructure may represent a shared neurobiological mechanism of irritability, inattention, and hyperactivity related to heightened impulsivity. Further, hyperactivity might be uniquely associated with a delay in white matter maturation.

Quality of obturation and the behavior of children treated under nitrous oxide conscious sedation: A double-blinded split-mouth randomized clinical trial

Abstract Aim: Our aim is to assess the quality of obturation and behavior of the children treated with and without nitrous oxide sedation and also to investigate the association between the quality of obturation and the behavior of children. Materials and Methods: A double-blinded split-mouth randomized clinical trial was conducted in 60 teeth. A total of 30 children aged 4–8 years in need of pulpectomy in bilateral mandibular molars were selected. On the first appointment, the children were assigned to protocol A, where the pulpectomy was performed without nitrous oxide inhalation sedation (NOIS). In the second visit, the children were allocated to protocol B, where pulpectomy was done in the contralateral molar under NOIS. The obturation quality and behavior of the children were graded according Coll and Sadrian criteria and Ohio State University Behavior Rating Scale, respectively. The data were assessed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and Wilcoxin signed-rank test. Results: The quality of obturation and the behavior of the children were significantly better under conscious sedation (P = 0.000). Also, there was a significant association noted between the behavior of the children and quality of obturation (P = 0.0.012). Children exhibiting quiet behavior favored optimal fill, while in children showing cry alone or struggle , it was more of under-fill. In children showing both struggle and cry, more of over-fill pattern of obturation was noticed. Conclusion: Nitrous oxide sedation enhances the obturation quality and children’s behavior. Furthermore, there is a clear association between children’s behavior and obturation quality, regardless of whether nitrous oxide sedation is used or not.