Professional Behavior Research Articles

القيادة الأخلاقية ودورها في بناء الثقافة التنظيمية في المؤسسات التعليمية الابتدائية في منطقة الدمام

The study aimed to reveal the role of ethical leadership in building organizational culture in educational institutions in the Dammam region. To achieve the goal of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was followed, so that a stratified random sample of school leaders was selected, numbering (13) leaders, (37) educational and administrative supervisors, and (3) Department director, (41) department heads, and (79) other leadership professions. The electronic questionnaire was applied to them, and the study concluded the following: 1. There is a high degree of practicing ethical leadership among them, as well as a large degree of practicing organizational culture in primary educational institutions in the Dammam region. 2. There was also a close, statistically significant correlation at the level of (0.01) between ethical leadership and its role in the organizational culture of the educational institutions in the study sample. 3. Most of the leaders in the study strongly agreed on the degree of practicing ethical leadership with regard to the dimensions of human, personal, and professional relations behaviors. 4. Most of the leaders in the study agreed to a moderate degree on the degree of organizational culture with regard to its elements, which are values, beliefs, norms, and finally, expectations.

How can physicians' professional reputation be damaged? Patients', nurses' and physicians' viewpoints.

As a rule, physicians' reputation significantly influences public confidence in the medical profession. Unfortunately, the societal perception of physicians in contemporary Iran appears to be negatively impacted. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze and elucidate the fundamental causes of this phenomenon. This qualitative study employed content analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted in 2022. The study population consisted of 6 physicians, 6 nurses and 12 patients in the the affiliated hospitals in Kerman University of Medical Sciences selected through purposive sampling. Extraction of the main themes followed the Graneheim and Lundman approach, and data management was facilitated through MAXQDA 20. The study identified five themes encapsulating the causes for damage to physicians' reputation: physicians' relationship with patients, physicians' relationship with the community, physicians' relationship with the medical profession, challenges within medical practice, and challenges related to medical education. Within these themes, a total of 38 subthemes emerged. The primary drivers that seem to damage physicians' reputation include: non-effective communication, negative public attitudes toward certain physicians and medical centers due to malpractice, illegitimate relationships of physicians, gaps in physicians' skills, insufficient education, and ethical lapses. It was concluded that several infrastructural elements negatively impact physicians' reputation. Consequently, it is recommended to monitor the professional behaviors, practices and relationships of physicians, while scrutinizing the medical education system.

The perceived preparedness of prelicensure nursing students to transition to practice

BackgroundThe impact of clinical site limitations on the categories of clinical competencies among prelicensure nursing students (PNSs) is not clear. AimTo describe the perceived clinical preparedness of PNSs who experience alterations in their training. MethodsForty-four PNSs were surveyed using the Clinical Competence Questionnaire (CCQ). CCQ measures four categories of nursing competencies: (a) professional behaviors (PB), (b) general performance (GP), (c) core skills (CS), and (d) advanced skills (ANS). ResultsMost students (89%) reported feeling unprepared to enter practice or reenter clinical settings. The average overall perceived competence score was 169 (SD = 22, 128-212). The averages for PB, GP, CS, and AS were low. Students’ CS and AS scores were significantly and negatively correlated with the number of altered courses (r = −.38, p = .008; r = −.35, p = .018 respectively), and students’ GP scores were significantly, and inversely, associated with the number of missed clinical days (r = −.32, p = .03). ConclusionsStudents who experience alterations feel unprepared to transition to practice. The findings can guide the training needed for PNSs before reentering clinical rotations or upon joining the workforce.

Service users’ complaints concerning social workers’ professional functioning: Arabs in Israel as a case study

ABSTRACT Sparse professional literature on complaints against social workers, focuses on a few specific variables, discussing them from a universal/contextless viewpoint. This study considers such complaints as a holistic (integrative) issue which should be studied within particular contexts. The research traced service users’ complaints against social workers, investigating social workers’ conceptions concerning the extent and type of complaints, and the social workers’ coping mechanisms. A phenomenological approach elicited data from semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 social workers from Arab welfare bureaus in Israel. Findings indicated that formal complaints are rare despite many grievances (tazamur) concerning the service. There are almost no complaints concerning serious offences, because in addition to formal punishment, community cultural punishments are severe. Complaints can be lodged in eight regulatory bodies, inside or outside the bureau, distinguished as either educational or disciplinary in policy. Coping strategies (expressing internal or external loci of control) depend on the complaint type (against the system or against the social workers’ professional functioning and/or ethical behaviour) and the regulatory body’s character. A professional-ethical complaint is a context-informed pragmatic challenge that social workers should understand and be trained to consider as an opportunity for professional development.

A common curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students globally.

Global variations in women's health outcomes, increased international migration, and an increase in the number of medical schools underpin the need for global standardization in obstetrics and gynecology curricula for medical students. However, there are currently no recommendations regarding the content of a common curriculum. The aim of this project was to agree the objectives for a common curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students globally. The curriculum was developed and agreed by an international taskforce of obstetricians and gynecologists. Published curricula for medical students in a variety of regions globally were reviewed and discussed, and the objectives for a common curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students were agreed by consensus. The content of the proposed curriculum is classified into three domains: clinical skills, professional behaviors, and knowledge. The recommended curriculum covers health conditions that affect women globally in different social and cultural contexts, and addresses important global health issues of relevance to obstetrics and gynecology. The methods and outcomes of a project by an international taskforce of obstetricians and gynecologists to develop a common curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students globally are presented. More work is required to identify ways in which the curriculum may be adapted to a minimum essential required curriculum in times of man-made or natural disasters. Achieving these will facilitate the intended long-term aims of this curriculum, to improve women's health outcomes globally.

Periodontists and oral surgeons' peri-implantitis-related education, knowledge, attitudes, and professional behavior: A national survey.

Each year, approximately 5 million dental implants are placed in the United States and one out of three patients is likely to experience peri-implantitis (PI). The objectives were to compare the PI-related education, knowledge, attitudes, and professional behavior of periodontists and oral maxillofacial surgeons (OMS), and to explore relationships between these constructs of interest. A total of 389 periodontists and 161 OMS responded to a web-based survey. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses (independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, and correlational analyses) were conducted. On average, periodontists reported a higher percentage of time spent in residency on implant surgery (21.02% vs. 7.27%; p<0.001), better education about PI (5-point scale with 1=not at all well: means: 2.86 vs. 2.59; p<0.001), and better knowledge of risk factors (4.07 vs. 3.86; p<0.001) than OMS. Periodontists argued that oral hygiene-related treatment (4.45 vs. 4.22; p=0.001) and regeneration-focused treatments such as guided tissue regeneration (3.62 vs. 3.20; p<0.001) contributed more to successfully treating PI and used these treatments more in their practices (4.86 vs. 4.56; p<0.001/3.06 vs. 2.68; p<0.001) than OMS. They also considered PI as a more serious problem than OMS (4.55 vs. 3.80; p<0.001). The better the respondents' PI-related knowledge was, the more they considered PI as a serious problem (r=0.19; p<0.001). The more cases they treated per month, the more they considered PI as a serious problem (r=0.19; p<0.001). The results of the present study highlight the lack of standardization in the specialty training of periodontists and OMS. Best practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PI are needed to optimize graduate education about this important topic.

A systematic literature review on the bright and dark sides of auditors’ personality

This article synthesizes research on auditors’ ‘bright’ and ‘dark’ personality traits. Our systematic literature review identified 34 studies that met our inclusion criteria. These studies provide insights into auditors’ personality traits, their impact on audit quality, and their association with various professional behaviors and outcomes. Our review emphasizes the importance of understanding personality traits and considering them in the recruitment phase and throughout an auditor’s career. Recognizing the variation in auditors’ personalities and understanding their interplay within audit practices are relevant for improving and refining the profession.

KODE ETIK DALAM PROFESI KONSELOR BERDASARKAN ORGANISASI PROFESI BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING (ABKIN) DAN ORGANISASI KONSELOR LAINNYA

The counselor profession has an important role in helping individuals overcome various emotional challenges and problems. In carrying out their duties, counselors are expected to adhere to a strict code of ethics, which guides their professional behavior. The code of ethics for counselors is established by the counselor professional institution. For the Indonesian territory, the code of ethics for counselors is determined by the Indonesian Counseling Guidance Association (ABKIN). A code of ethics is a guide or guideline for professional behavior or a moral foundation that is practiced, secured and upheld by counselors as members of professional organizations. This article explores aspects of the ABKIN code of ethics, codes of ethics of other counselor professions and compares the ABKIN Code of Ethics with codes of ethics issued by other counselor organizations, such as the American Counseling Association (ACA) in the United States. The method used in this research is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data source comes from collecting documents in the form of books and previous research originating from various references. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The results of this research provide a better understanding of the importance of ethics in the counselor profession and illustrate how codes of ethics function as a guide to professional behavior for counselors based on regulations issued by several counselor organizations.

ETIKA KONSELING DALAM ERA DIGITAL: ANCAMAN DAN PELUANG INTERNASIONAL

Counseling becomes a necessity, because the essence of counseling is the help of an expert counselor given to someone to solve their problems. In providing these services, a counselor is governed by ethics, attitudes and personal qualities for the counselor to behave. Professional ethical values are very important in the helping profession. The code of ethics for counselors is established by the counselor professional institution. For the Indonesian territory, the code of ethics for counselors is determined by the Indonesian Counseling Guidance Association, which is abbreviated as ABKIN. A code of ethics is a guide or guideline for professional behavior or a moral foundation that is practiced, secured and upheld by counselors as members of professional organizations. The aim of this research is to describe the professional ethics of counselors in counseling guidance services in the digital era. The method used in this research is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data source comes from collecting documents in the form of books and previous research originating from various references. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The results of this research show that online counseling ethics takes the form of virtual counseling technology, websites, email, video conferences, instant messaging, computers and other social networks. Therefore, online counselors need to be professional in conducting virtual counseling by paying attention to ethics.

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR: CASE STUDY IN A CONSULTATION COMPANY

Objective: To Analyze the relationship between human resources management and organizational behavior, in light of the analysis of high-performance work practices and workers' organizational commitment. Theoretical Framework: This study focuses on the “high performance work practices” (Pfeffer, 1998; Becker, et al. 2001) which refer to a set of practices that aim to select, develop, and retain workers, especially the most innovative ones, to maximize the organization's performance. Method: A case study was carried out in an innovation and technology consultancy organization, based on the application of a questionnaire survey on the components of organizational commitment (Nascimento et al., 2008) and the perception of workers regarding high performance work practices (Esteves, 2008). The sample is mainly composed of male professionals, between 26 and 34 years old and with a undergraduate or bachelor’s degree. Results and Discussion: The results show some consistency with previous empirical studies: high performance work practices are present in this type of organization; professionals are affectively committed to the organization; there are significant correlations between high performance work practices and organizational commitment, especially at the level of affective commitment. Research Implications: Assists in the design and implementation of practical human resources management strategies for managers, which contribute to the formulation of management systems focused on organizational commitment behaviors of professionals in the context of the consultancy sector. Originality/Value: It is a pioneering study developed in a national context on the two constructs in the consulting sector, contributing to the literature by highlighting the importance of a relational and reflective approach to the importance of organizational behavior. Its relevance and value is evidenced by the support it gives to the design of management systems and practices based on organizational behavior.

Downside of Helping Professions: A Comparative Study of Health Indicators and Health Behaviour among Nurses and Early Childhood Educators.

The activities of health care workers and early childhood educators have received increased attention both in lay public discourse and in scientific discourse. These professional groups play a significant role in shaping the health behaviours of those they interact with; thus, understanding the patterns they convey is of paramount importance. The aim of our study is a comparative analysis of health conditions and health behaviours of professionals working in Hungarian early childhood education and nurses working in the healthcare system (n = 1591). We carried out our quantitative, cross-sectional research using convenience sampling among healthcare professionals working in nursing job positions (n = 581) and as early childhood educators (n = 1010), in south-west Hungary. Diagnosed chronic illnesses affect early childhood educators at a significantly higher rate (p < 0.05): the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is particularly high among them, as a result of which they reported a significant degree of physical limitation in relation to work. In the context of mental health, comparing the professional groups, nurses' indicators were significantly (p < 0.001) more unfavourable in all examined dimensions. Moreover, the comparison in terms of educational attainment directed attention to the worse indicators of non-graduates. In this context, early childhood educators are less affected by all three dimensions of burnout (p < 0.001). As for health behaviour, the smoking habits of nurses are more unfavourable (p < 0.05). Regarding screening tests, participation in cytological testing was significantly higher among nurses, whereas early childhood educators showed increased participation in mammography (p < 0.001). Our findings draw attention to the fact that early childhood educators are primarily affected by chronic musculoskeletal disorders, while healthcare workers are more affected by problems related to mental health. Mental well-being can be further endangered by the fact that both professional groups perceive low social appreciation for the work they carry out.

The feedback dilemma in medical education: insights from medical residents’ perspectives

BackgroundFeedback is a critical component of the learning process in a clinical setting. This study aims to explore medical residents’ perspectives on feedback delivery and identify potential barriers to feedback-seeking in clinical training.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 180 medical residents across seventeen specialties. We employed the validated Residency Education Feedback Level Evaluation in Clinical Training (REFLECT) tool to assess residents’ perspectives on their attitude toward feedback, quality of feedback, perceived importance, and reaction to feedback. Additionally, we explored barriers to feedback-seeking behavior among medical residents.ResultsThe majority of medical residents held positive attitudes toward feedback. They agreed that feedback improves their clinical performance (77.7%), professional behavior (67.2%), and academic motivation (56.7%), while also influencing them to become a better specialist in their future career (72.8%). However, the study revealed critical deficiencies in the feedback process. Only 25.6% of residents reported receiving regular feedback and less than half reported that feedback was consistently delivered at suitable times and locations, was sufficiently clear or included actionable plans for improvement. A minority (32.2%) agreed that faculty had sufficient skills to deliver feedback effectively. Moreover, peer-to-peer feedback appeared to be a primary source of feedback among residents. Negative feedback, though necessary, often triggered feelings of stress, embarrassment, or humiliation. Notably, there were no significant differences in feedback perceptions among different specialties. The absence of a feedback-seeking culture emerged as a central barrier to feedback-seeking behavior in the clinical setting.ConclusionsEstablishing shared expectations and promoting a culture of feedback-seeking could bridge the gap between residents’ perceptions and faculty feedback delivery. Furthermore, recognizing the role of senior and peer residents as valuable feedback sources can contribute to more effective feedback processes in clinical training, ultimately benefiting resident development and patient care.

A multicentre survey investigating the knowledge, behaviour, and attitudes of surgical healthcare professionals to frailty assessment in emergency surgery: DEFINE(surgery)

Key summary pointsAimsThis study aimed to assess the knowledge, behaviour, and attitudes of healthcare professionals to frailty assessment in emergency surgical admissions.FindingsFrailty assessment is well supported by healthcare professionals working in surgery. However, in clinical practice, standardised tools are not routinely being used and only half of respondents were able to accurately identify frailty from clinical vignettes.MessageBetter education around frailty assessment is needed for healthcare professionals working in surgery to improve perioperative pathway for people living with frailty.

Nonverbal behaviors perceived as most empathic in a simulated medical context

Perceiving empathy from healthcare professionals contributes to clinical benefits. Yet, for methodological and ethical reasons, the factors affecting perceived empathy, such as how the nonverbal behaviors of professionals interact, are less understood than those influencing the actual act of empathizing. Two online studies examined how the perception of empathy in a medical context of pain was influenced by factors related to digital healthcare professionals (DHPs) and participants acting as suffering patients. In Study 1 (n = 123), participants watched videos of DHPs showing variations in gaze direction, posture, and facial expression to rate perceived empathy from a visual patient perspective. They perceived more empathy from the face expressing pain, regardless of gaze, posture, and gender of the DHPs. The sex of participants also modulated perceived empathy. Study 2 (n = 116) expanded Study 1 by adding faces expressing pain and sadness of varying intensities, along with perspective-taking instructions, to determine whether higher perceived empathy for the face expressing pain stems from its congruence with the medical pain context. Participants perceived more empathy in faces expressing sadness than pain. Sadness and pain interacted differently with the effects of intensity, posture, and gaze direction. This work challenges the idea that exact congruence with the patient's affective state is necessary and further contributes to investigating nonverbal behaviors of empathy.

Exposure to Meta-Analysis During Graduate and Postgraduate Trainings Predicts the Good Knowledge and Use of Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews, and Meta-Analyses Among Nigerian Physiotherapists.

Background Evidence-based practice (EBP) is essential for physiotherapy as an integral part of the multidisciplinary rehabilitation team. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses are the gold standard in the hierarchy of evidence. However, the extent of knowledge, attitudes, and professional use of RCTs and meta-analyses among physiotherapists in Nigeria remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to describe and explore the predictors of Nigerian physiotherapists' knowledge, attitudes, and professional behaviors toward RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Methods In this observational study, an electronic version of an adapted questionnaire assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and professional use of RCTs and meta-analyses was shared across electronic platforms of Nigerian physiotherapy professional organizations. Results We found good overall knowledge (76 {80.8%}) and attitude (83 {88.3%}) towardthe use of RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses for evaluating health interventions. Exposure to meta-analysis during graduate and postgraduate training (odds ratio {OR}, 7.102; 95% CI, 1.680-30.021; p = 0.008) and the presence of a medical library at the workplace (OR, 0.264; 95% CI, 0.070-0.997; p = 0.049) were significant predictors of good knowledge of RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Self-rated (OR, 56.476; 95% CI, 1.356-2357.430; p = 0.034) and overall levels of knowledge (OR, 0.013; 95% CI, 0.000-0.371; p = 0.011) predicted the good use of RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses among respondents. Discussion To equip physiotherapy practitioners with the requisite skill in using RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, graduate and postgraduate trainings should prioritize education on the use of RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses to inform clinical decisions and practice, while capable workplaces may set up medical libraries to ease access and enhance the use of RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.

Behavioral Science: Enhancing Our Approach to the Development of Effective Additional Risk Minimization Strategies.

Additional risk minimization strategies may be required to assure a positive benefit-risk balance for some therapeutic products associated with serious adverse drug reactions/risks of use, without which these products may be otherwise unavailable to patients. The goals of risk minimization strategies are often fundamentally to influence the behavior of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and/or patients and can include appropriate patient selection, provision of education and counselling, appropriate medication use, adverse drug reaction monitoring, and adoption of other elements to assure safe use, such as pregnancy prevention. Current approaches to additional risk minimization strategy development rely heavily on information provision, without full consideration of the contextual factors and multi-level influences on patient and HCP behaviors that impact adoption and long-term adherence to these interventions. Application of evidence-based behavioral science methods are urgently needed to improve the quality and effectiveness of these strategies. Evidence from the fields of adherence, health promotion, and drug utilization research underscores the value and necessity for using established behavioral science frameworks and methods if we are to achieve clinical safety goals for patients. The current paper aims to enhance additional risk minimization strategy development and effectiveness by considering how a behavioral science approach can be applied, drawing from evidence in understanding of engagement with pharmaceutical medicines as well as wider public health interventions for patients and HCPs.

Teachers’ Ideas about what and how they Contribute to the Development of Students’ Ethical Compasses. An Empirical Study among Teachers of Dutch Universities of Applied Sciences

AbstractIn this empirical study, we investigate what and how teachers in Dutch universities of applied sciences (UAS) think they contribute to the development of students’ ethical compasses. Six focus groups were conducted with teachers across three programmes: Initial Teaching Education, Business Services, and Information and Communication Technology. This study revealed that teachers across the three different professional disciplines shared similar ideas about what should be addressed in the development of students’ ethical compasses. Their contributions were grouped into three core themes: creating students’ moral awareness, developing students’ moral skills and promoting students’ moral professional behaviour. The majority of the teachers used a wide range of planned and unplanned pedagogic–didactic actions (reflecting individual learning and cooperative and group learning) to enhance the development of students’ ethical compasses. However, teachers’ strategies were mostly unstructured and unreflective and depended on the individual teacher’s ability and knowledge to address moral themes. Furthermore, the study revealed two incompatible ideals: as role models, the teachers aimed to exemplify explicitly how to be a professional with an ethical compass. However, they also wanted to adopt a neutral stance because they were afraid to manipulate the students’ ethical compasses. Therefore, they avoided promoting the ethical compass that they believed to be the best.

Perceptions on Medical Professionalism Among Future Healthcare Professionals: A Mixed Method Study.

Background Accreditation councils across the world constantly examine policies and practices in professionalism in their medical curriculum. The National Medical Commission (NMC) in India has recognized the pressing need to reform and include professionalism in its undergraduate curriculum. Objectives The objective of this study was to explore the perspectives of medical and nursing students on professional behavior, suitable teaching-learning methods, and assessment strategies for curriculum integration. Methodology The study utilized a concurrent triangulation mixed method design, collecting both qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously to gain a comprehensive understanding of medical and nursing students' perceptions of professionalism. It included 83 final-year undergraduate medical students and 42 final-year undergraduate nursing students. The approval of the Institutional Review Board of Meenakshi Medical College Hospital & Research Institute was obtained. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristicsand opinions regarding academic professional behavior, teaching-learning, and evaluation of professionalism was used. Perceptions regarding the meaning of professionalism, behavior of professionalism to be emphasized in teaching, and pressing challenges of professionalism were explored. Students were also asked to rank the best behavior associated with professionalism. Frequency and percentages were used for descriptive statistics. Means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables. An unpaired t-test was used to determine a statistically significant difference between the means in the two groups. The quantitative data was analyzed with R programming and content analysis was performed for the qualitative data using ATLAS.ti qualitative data analysis software. Results Unexplained/unauthorized absence from academic activities (2.39 ± 1.553), not following the timeline (2.41 ± 1.560), making fun of patients and peers (2.16 ± 1.619), cheating in the exams (2.37 ± 1.651), and inebriation (2.39 ± 1.666) were unacceptable behaviors by undergraduate medical students compared with nursing students. Clinical experience (1.54 ± 0.857) and role models (1.74 ± 0.935) were the highly acceptable methods of teaching professionalism and interprofessional interactions (1.58 ± 0.650) and awards (1.98 ± 1.100) were the most common suggestions to improve the course curriculum by both groups. Community/field activity (1.78 ± 0.860) and clinical examination (1.89 ±1.123) were the most preferred methods of evaluation of professionalism. According to the students, dedication, honesty, respect, and self-improvement were identified as the best behaviors associated with professionalism. Conclusions The study revealed that students had a wide range of perspectives about professionalism. Different unprofessional acts were acceptable to students. The causes of these perspectives need to be explored and resolved to promote professionalism. Students identified the need for strong positive role models and frequent clinical experiences, along with improved interprofessional interactions and awards to improve teaching and learning professionalism. Community/field activity was the preferred assessment method proposed by the students. Medical institutions must promote these components in curriculum, faculty development, and clinical settings to foster the development of professionalism among students.

Representasi Budaya Kerja (Corporate Culture) Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Pegawai di Lingkungan Pascasarjana UIN Raden Intan Lampung

Work culture refers to a set of deeply internalized attitudes, feelings, and psychological frameworks possessed by members of an organization. Culture encompasses mental behaviors and habits that have become ingrained in individual activities and the performance outcomes of these individuals. Based on the results of data analysis regarding the representation of work culture (corporate culture) post-COVID-19 pandemic in the Graduate School environment of Raden Intan State Islamic University Lampung, five work cultures were implemented, which include: (1) Integrity, (2) Professionalism, (3) Innovation, (4) Responsibility, and (5) Exemplary Behavior. Meanwhile, the results of monitoring and evaluating the work culture post-COVID-19 pandemic for employees in the Graduate School environment of UIN Raden Intan Lampung are; (1) Organization of Administrative Affairs, (2) Organization of the human resource management system (HR) which includes; (a) Employee needs planning, (b) Competency-based employee development, (c) Individual performance determination, (d) Enforcement of discipline/code of ethics for employees. (3) Strengthening performance accountability, (4) Improving the quality of public services, (5) Enhancing the employee information system.

Kotler’s Decision-Making Model as a Predictor of the Consumer Buying Behavior of Young Professionals in the Philippines

The first stage in creating effective marketing strategies is to analyze consumer behavior in the market with regard to needs, attitudes, or behaviors as well as the influence of the environment. The researchers conducted this study to determine Kotler's decision-making model as a Predictor of Consumer Food Buying Behavior. This research aims to determine the perception of the respondents on how they purchase items in terms of the Kotler's Decision-Making Model and how the consumer evaluates the purchase of food items through their behavior. To determine the relationship between the consumer's behaviors based on Kotler's Decision-Making Model, the researchers used a descriptive design to gather quantifiable data for factual examination of the population sample. The respondents of this study are young professionals working and purchasing food items and living at the three (3) chosen barangay such as Barangay Poblacion, Guadalupe Viejo, and Guadalupe Nuevo. The total population of the study was 100 respondents. The researchers formulate a survey questionnaire through google forms for the data gathering procedure. This research shows a significant relationship between the customer behaviors during the journey and consumer buying behavior using Kotler's Decision-Making model. It shows only that attitude, norms, and intention play a significant role when a consumer decides whether to purchase or not the items. Culture, demand, and willingness to engage or buy the product are vital in the decision-making process. Finally, based on the study's findings, business strategies have been proposed that can be utilized by the business owners and marketing strategist for their business or companies employed.