Behavioral Tactics Research Articles

The structure of fish follower-feeding associations at three oceanic islands in southwestern Atlantic

Structurally complex and competitive environments such as reef habitats may promote alternative behavioural feeding tactics in fishes. An understudied behavioural tactic is the follower-feeding association, in which individuals of a species follow (called “follower”) and benefit from the foraging activities of individuals of another species that disturbs the substrate (called “nuclear”). Here, we investigated the incidence of this tactic at three oceanic islands in the southwestern Atlantic by characterizing pairwise, and the emergent network of follower-feeding associations. We quantified associations among species according to their trophic categories, activity period, and group size. The incidence of follower-feeding associations was higher at islands with higher species richness, but the proportion of associations per species was higher at islands with lower species richness. Overall, mobile invertebrate-feeders, omnivores and macrocarnivores were the most common trophic categories engaged in this tactic. Most of follower-feeding associations involved diurnal species, which indicates that followers rely on visual cues to engage in this tactic. We also found that nuclear species were mainly solitary, while followers tended to aggregate in small- to medium-sized groups. Our study indicates that follower-feeding association is an opportunistic yet frequent feeding tactic at oceanic islands, which may stem from resource partitioning in such remote habitats.

The Effects of Conspecific Alarm Cues on Larval Cane Toads (Rhinella marina)

Many aquatic organisms detect and avoid damage-released cues from conspecifics, but the chemical basis of such responses, and the effects of prolonged exposure to such cues, remain poorly understood. Injured tadpoles of the cane toad (Rhinella marina) produce chemical cues that induce avoidance by conspecific tadpoles; and chronic exposure to those cues decreases rates of tadpole survival and growth, and reduces body size at metamorphosis. Such effects suggest that we might be able to use the cane toads' alarm cue for biocontrol of invasive populations in Australia. In the present study, we examined behavioral and ecological effects of compounds that are present in cane toad tadpoles and thus, might trigger avoidance of crushed conspecifics. Four chemicals (L-Arg, L-Leu-L-Leu-OH, L-Leu-L-Ile-OH and suberic acid) induced behavioral avoidance in toad tadpoles at some (but not all) dosage levels, so we then exposed toad larvae to these chemicals over the entire period of larval development. Larval survival and size at metamorphosis were decreased by chronic exposure to crushed conspecifics (consistent with earlier studies), but not by exposure to any of the four chemicals. Indeed, L-Arg increased body size at metamorphosis. We conclude that the behavioral response to crushed conspecifics by cane toad tadpoles can be elicited by a variety of chemical cues, but that consistent exposure to these individual chemical cues does not affect tadpole viability or developmental trajectory. The optimal behavioral tactic of a tadpole may be to flee if it encounters even a single chemical cue likely to have come from an injured conspecific (indicative of predation risk), whereas the continuing presence of that single chemical (but no others) provides a less reliable signal of predation risk. Our data are consistent with results from studies on fish, that suggest a role for multiple chemicals in initiating alarm responses to damage-released cues.

Beyond dispersal versus philopatry? Alternative behavioural tactics of juvenile roe deer in a heterogeneous landscape

Although inter‐individual heterogeneity in many aspects of dispersal behaviour is widely reported, this key life‐history trait is predominantly modelled as a dichotomous state of philopatry versus dispersal. The increasing body of evidence for dispersal syndromes (i.e. a suite of correlated morphological, behavioural and life‐history traits associated with dispersal) implies substantial but, to date, undocumented individual heterogeneity in behavioural tactics during dispersal. Using a large sample (n = 154) of GPS monitored juvenile roe deer Capreolus capreolus, we evaluated among‐individual behavioural heterogeneity in dispersal tactics, and the individual and environmental drivers of these alternative tactics. We developed a sequential three‐stage decision tree based on space use stability, exploration events and the directionality of movement. We identified six discrete alternative behavioural tactics during the dispersal period which were characterised by different timing, amplitude and duration in movement: slightly less than half of the deer were sedentary, either ‘strictly philopatric’ or ‘explorers’, which subsequently settled on their natal range; around 40% dispersed (‘classic dispersal’), of which, one in six subsequently aborted, moving back to their natal range (‘aborted dispersal’); finally, around 15% expressed either a ‘progressive dispersal’ tactic, gradually moving away from their natal area to settle elsewhere, or a ‘multi‐range’ tactic. The propensity to express an alternative dispersal tactic was strongly influenced by an individual's local environment. In particular, when landscape heterogeneity, resource quality and human‐related disturbance in the natal range were low, individuals were 1) more likely to adopt the alternative tactics of either progressive dispersal or multi‐ranging, but 2) also more likely to abort their dispersal attempt. Our work indicates that natal dispersal is likely not a single uniform behaviour, but that individuals may adopt a variety of alternative movement tactics which are likely governed by different selection pressures, with potentially important impacts for population dynamics and functioning.

Wearing high heels as female mating strategy

Females use various behavioural tactics in order to attract the attention of a desirable mate. Wearing high heels enhances female physical attractiveness for the opposite sex, thus their use seems to be a powerful sexual signal. We investigated female preferences for high heels both in everyday life as well as in a hypothetical mating scenario. Slovak females reported a low frequency of wearing high heels (45% once per month, 38% never) in everyday life. Females with a lower body height and high self-perceived attractiveness reported more frequent use of high heels than others. Sociosexuality and involvement in a romantic relationship did not predict the wearing of high heels. When females imagined an interaction with an attractive male, preferences for high heels steeply increased compared with a scenario with an unattractive male. Females with a low body height use high heels in all probability to visually elongate their leg length in order to increase their physical attractiveness. High heels seem to be a form of sexual signalling by females in intersexual interactions.

Culture-Focused Teaching of Language and Translation

This article considers certain aspects of achieving cross-cultural communicative competence by university students through culture-oriented studies of English. It describes the principles of culture-focused tuition and their implementation in the development of teaching materials using the example of a series of practical English textbooks for future linguists and, specifically, translators developed at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Various forms of class work and self-supervised student work are discussed which ensure students take an active role in the tuition process via team work and individual work, as well as the development of responsibility for their own tuition, and the build-up of skills for self-supervised work. Rigorous selection and use of authentic, up-to-date, high-quality verbal and audio-visual material is described as an essential component of creating teaching resources. Language resources should be not only authentic: they must reflect the contemporary state of the English language, focusing on typical usage and differences between variations of the English language. The article describes such assessment from the points of view of the style of texts in terms of grammatical correctness, modern or obsolete vocabulary, typical or untypical usage, stylistic colouring, the number and quality of stylistic devices and other such criteria. The article also reviews the progress of cognitive studies in linguistics and their relevance for, and impact on, the methodology of language teaching. It discusses recent achievements in cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics as the basis for culture-focused tuition strategies, aimed at the development of cross-cultural communicative competence, which must be understood as a conscious and pro-active mastering by students of certain communicative strategies and tactics of verbal behaviour in a foreign language environment.

Danger management and the seasonal adjustment of migratory speed by sandpipers

The behavior of migrating birds is governed by time‐, energy‐ and danger‐minimizing strategies. The adjustment of migration speed (i.e. the rate at which distance is covered during a migration) is a behavioral tactic that might contribute to these strategic goals. Shorter stopovers and greater fuel loads increase migration speed, but both require more intensive foraging at stopovers, making migrants more vulnerable to predators. A simple numerical model shows how seasonal alterations in migration speed can lower the exposure of western sandpipers to peregrine falcons, their most important predator. The ‘caution–speed–caution’ pattern of higher migration speed in the mid‐passage period, observed in earlier work, requires that the intensive foraging necessary heightens vulnerability, and that migrants are exposed to both migrant predators as well as predators resident at migratory stopovers.

Reflexive Methods of Knowledge in Educational Activities: Phenomenological Hermeneutics

Introduction. Knowledge is one of the most important human needs. Today, lifelong learning and self-education individual skills are of paramount importance for each representative of the society in relation to the world trends of a post-industrial era: economic domination in the innovative sector, progressive increase of intensity of information flows and rates of distribution of high technologies, rapid development of science and industry of knowledge, quickly changing and becoming tougher requirements to professionalism, qualification and creativity of experts irrespective of the sphere of employment. It is obvious that structural formation and improvement of ways of students’ thinking is one of the most important tasks of the educational system; reflection is of particular importance. However, the results of training are still defined by the level of development of easily measured operational skills and cognitive qualities (memory, attention, logic), in which the reflection is presented only partially. Reflexive abilities as the mechanism and instrument of knowledge, which assist a personality to understand himself or herself, to comprehend own feelings, actions, acts and complex external realities, in most cases remain unaccounted in educational process and when analysing and evaluating the results.The aim of the article was to justify the need to form reflexive skills of knowledge in students through a combination of phenomenological and hermeneutical methods in daily pedagogical practice.Methodology and research methods. The work is based on the ideas of anthropological and phenomenological approaches in human education and - above all - the philosophic idea of “human-sizedness”, which implies anthropological view on a student. The methods of system-based and comparative analysis, as well as the methods of interpretation, synthesis and modelling were used in the course of the research.Results and scientific novelty. The author designates classical linear and neoclassical types of informative models with corresponding to them essentially different explanatory-illustrative and actively-searchable methods, which are used by teachers during classes. The advantages of phenomenological pedagogics are proved: its central category is presented by the phenomenon - sense of any phenomena or processes, which leads to the enrichment of personal experience. In phenomenological approach, the student is regarded as a live, constantly changing character of own personal formation and development; knowledge process is considered as the sequence of acts of understanding and its judgment in close teacher-student interaction. The accumulation of knowledge experience and students’’ acquisition of axiological orientations are promoted by the reflexive processes, structuring knowledge conducive to the elaboration of individual strategy and tactics of behaviour. The educational practices, based on the ways of complete development of reflexive informative abilities of individuals in the context of their activity, are known as the anthropopractices, which subject is “human” in the person and the result is self-determination.The characteristics of two leading methods of knowledge - phenomenological and hermeneutical are compared, their similarity and distinction are shown, and possible options of application are shown. The author concludes that integrated usage of phenomenological approach with hermeneutics elements in the educational activity is considered useful.Practical significance. The means of phenomenological hermeneutics described in the article become especially relevant in the conditions of digitalisation and computerisation of pedagogical communication: their use better compensates for the costs of technical methods of training by the means of real teacher-student collaboration through dialogue, knowledge process, experience, interpretation and reflection of the discipline under study.

Fiction in the Context of Developing Students' Professional and Communicative Competencies (in the Field of Hospitality)

The article discusses the methodological potential of fiction in developing professional and communicative competencies of Hospitality students based on interdisciplinary approach. The study focuses on the most actual aspects of speech culture and describes the ways of developing professionally oriented communicative competencies and the basics of professional speech training of bachelors in the field of Hospitality. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of the occupational novel, in which special vocabulary is widely used, and various systems and mechanisms are described in detail. Hotel, an occupational novel by Arthur Hailey, can be used in teaching Hospitality students as source material for consolidating knowledge about the status and role-based dynamics between hotel staff, communicative strategies and tactics, types and forms of speech, rules of speech etiquette in business communication, as well as for improving oral (public speaking) and written (creative work) language skills. The content of this novel allows students to gain a better understanding of their future professional activities. The article emphasizes that learning professional communication culture fundamentals goes hand in hand with the development of professional (study subject) competence of a prospective specialist. Hence it is suggested that students have a solid understanding of the hospitality industry, its main areas, forms and methods of working with clients. This paper describes the most effective tasks and the questions aimed at studying situations of business communication presented in the novel text, as well as the national specifics of business and speech etiquette and various strategies and tactics of communicative behavior in the framework of English communicative culture. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the role of literary texts in developing professionally-oriented communicative competencies of bachelors in the field of hospitality.

Behavioural avoidance of sperm ageing depends on genetic similarity of mates in a monogamous seabird

Abstract Inbreeding, i.e. the mating of genetically related individuals, can lead to reduced fitness and is considered to be a major selective force of mate choice. Although inbreeding avoidance has been found in numerous taxa, individuals may face constraints when pairing, leading to mating with suboptimal partners. In such circumstances, individuals that are able to avoid factors exacerbating detrimental effects of inbreeding should be favoured. Using the socially and genetically monogamous black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), we explored whether the detrimental effects of inbreeding are exacerbated by sperm ageing (i.e. the post-meiotic senescence of sperm cells, mainly occurring within the female tracts after copulation), and whether they can be mitigated by behavioural tactics. First, by experimentally manipulating the age of the fertilizing sperm, we found that hatching failure due to sperm ageing increased with higher genetic similarity between mates. We then investigated whether more genetically similar pairs exhibited mating behaviours that prevent fertilization by old sperm. The more genetically similar mates were, the less likely they were to copulate early in the reproductive season and the more females performed post-copulatory sperm ejections. By flexibly adapting their behaviour in response to within-pair genetic similarity, kittiwakes may avoid exacerbation of inbreeding costs due to sperm ageing.

Aggression, color signaling, and performance of the male color morphs of a Brazilian lizard (Tropidurus semitaeniatus)

Behavior can help to establish dominance in intrasexual interactions, preventing more costly aggressive interactions and improving access to mates. Distinct color morphs often correlate with behavior, driving differential reproductive success between them. The lizard Tropidurus semitaeniatus usually expresses two male color morphs, Yellow or Black. It is likely that morphs play a role in reproduction, which is still unexplored. Here, we test whether there is morph-related dominance during intrasexual interactions. We used ex situ behavioral trials to test whether a particular morph shows dominance, gathering dominance by attributing scores to aggressive/evasive behaviors. We also tested whether winner individuals show higher performance (sprint speed), and whether spectrophotometric measures of body coloration predict winners of male encounters. Morphs showed differences in behaviors suggesting alternative behavioral tactics: Black males behave more aggressively and less evasively while Yellow males show the opposite sets of behavior. Black males also tend to be dominant, but dominants do not show higher sprint speeds than submissive males. Chest coloration, often displayed during encounters, highly predicts winnings (particularly high yellow chroma and low lightness and UV). Our results show that lizards signal competitive condition by behaviorally exposing their chest. Males displaying more head bobs and with darker chests are more likely to win encounters. Our results suggest that Yellow males might undertake a sneaker tactic, preventing aggression costs by evasiveness even though they might perform similarly to Black males. Further studies should address whether female preference is biased in relation to male morphs and its colorations, which would suggest selective processes towards costly signals and morph maintenance. In the struggle for survival and reproduction, often, there is no single best strategy and multiple distinct tactics may evolve. Behavior, color signaling, and performance are frequently correlated with distinct color morphs, which can coexist as alternative mating tactics. However, studies that are able to integrate all these traits are scarce. Here, we test whether different color morphs of the lizard Tropidurus semitaeniatus show different behaviors and dominance patterns. We also test whether these color morphs differ in their performances (sprint speed) and visual signaling (behavioral displays and intensity of coloration). We demonstrate that Black and Yellow-morph males adopt distinct behavioral tactics: an aggressive (Black-morph) and an evasive (Yellow-morph) tactic. We also show that dominance is highly correlated to chest’s intensity of dark yellow colorations and that lizards signal their dominance status through displays of head bob bouts.

Do Scales of the Cichlid Altolamprologus compressiceps in Lake Tanganyika Function as a Morphological Defense Against Scale-Eating?

Many cichlid species in the shallow-shore of Lake Tanganyika suffer damage from attacks by the scale-eater Perissodus microlepis. Many prey fish engage in warning behaviors to this predator. It has been hypothesized that, if prey fish have difficulty employing such behavioral tactics, morphological defenses against scale-eating, such as hard scales, will evolve. The shrimp-eating cichlids, Altolamprologus compressiceps (Ac) and Neolamprologus fasciatus (Nf), exhibit hunting behaviors in which they remain motionless for up to 10 seconds while aiming at prey, when they are vulnerable to scale-eating predators; thus, these fish have likely evolved morphological defenses against "scale-attacks". We tested this hypothesis in Ac and Nf, as well as three other predatory fish, Lamprologus callipterus, Lepidiolamprologus elongatus and Lep. attenuatus, that are not motionless for such a long time. Under natural conditions, Ac and Nf were rarely attacked, while the other three species were attacked frequently. When freshly killed specimens of these five species were displayed underwater in the presence of P. microlepis, Ac was rarely attacked, while Nf and the three other species were attacked frequently. Among the five fish species, the force required to tear off scales was highest for Ac, and this force was negatively correlated with the frequency of attacks on the displayed fish. These results support the hypothesis that the hard scales of Ac function as an anti-scale-attack measure, although it remains unclear why free-swimming Nf were rarely attacked while aiming at prey, despite the fact that the force required to tear off its scales was not large.

Идентичность «защитник» в социальной и профессиональной практике Фриды Вигдоровой

The object of the research is the social and professional position of the writer and journalist Frida Vigdorova, which was estimated by the Soviet li­beral intelligentsia of the 1960s—1970s as extremely valuable. Her record of the trial of I. Brodsky served as a model for the drafters of reports on the trials of dissidents — A. Ginzburg, P. Litvinov, N. Gorbanevskaya, and others. Nonconformists shared the worldview principles of Vigdorova, replicated her behavioral model in the process of protecting dissidents from persecution of the authorities, and made the “advocate” model the standard of public behavior. The article aims to identify the origins of the “advocate” behavioral model formation and to characterize the journalist’s axiology. Frida Vigdorova’s journalism and memoirs of her contemporaries served as the study material.The author asserts that Vigdorova modeled her social and professional behavior on the samples crea­ted by the Russian and European tradition. V. Korolenko’s public activities was the closest reference point. To prove this thesis, the author compares Vigdorova’s behavioral tactics in the “case of Brodsky” and Korolenko’s in the “case of Beilis”. Comments of Vigdorova’s contemporaries confirm her conscious orientation to the “advocate” behavioral model, implemented not only in the “case of Brodsky”, but also in her social practice and journalism. Vigdorova’s axiology, according to her contemporaries, included active help to people, humanism and a desire for justice.Vigdorova’s journalism is devoted to the ethics of social relations. The plot of her essays is usually based on dramatic events requiring immediate public intervention. She orients the reader to empathy and active social behavior in response. Thus, the task of forming the active participation of citizens in the fate of each other is solved; the value of compassion and mercy is established.The article concludes that the axiology and beha­vioral practices of Vigdorova included the universal values for the Russian and European tradition of the 19th century — anthropocentrism and humanism.

Personality and social foraging tactic use in free-living Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus)

AbstractGroup-foraging individuals often use alternative behavioral tactics to acquire food: some individuals, the producers, actively search for food, whereas others, the scroungers, look for opportunities to exploit the finders’ discoveries. Although the use of social foraging tactics is partly flexible, yet some individuals tend to produce more, whereas others largely prefer to scrounge. This between-individual variation in tactic use closely resembles the phenomenon of animal personality; however, the connection between personality and social foraging tactic use has rarely been investigated in wild animals. Here, we studied this relationship in free-living Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus) during 2 winters. We found that in females, but not in males, social foraging tactic use was predicted by personality: more exploratory (i.e., more active in a novel environment) females scrounged more. Regardless of sex, the probability of scrounging increased with the density of individuals foraging on feeders and the time of feeding within a foraging bout, that is, the later the individual foraged within a foraging bout the higher the probability of scrounging was. Our results demonstrate that consistent individual behavioral differences are linked, in a sex-dependent manner, to group-level processes in the context of social foraging in free-living tree sparrows, suggesting that individual behavioral traits have implications for social evolution.

Comparing effectuation to discovery-driven planning, prescriptive entrepreneurship, business planning, lean startup, and design thinking

There has been a growing interest among entrepreneurs and students in explicit guidance for entrepreneurial action. Both scholars and practitioners have responded to this demand by suggesting a variety of entrepreneurial methods. This has led, however, to a proliferation of relatively unrelated methods with varying degrees of rigor and relevance. In an attempt to organize and bring clarity to the range and diversity of entrepreneurial methods, this article compares effectuation with five other entrepreneurial methods along nine conceptual dimensions. Through the application of two conceptual frameworks, core underpinnings of each method are highlighted. In addition to revealing similarities and differences between the methods, the study identifies some key implications for theory, practice, policy, and education. The strengths of effectuation on a theoretical level could be used to develop other entrepreneurial methods. Conversely, the strengths of other entrepreneurial methods could be used to shore up the potential weaknesses of effectuation, such as a lack of behavioral tactics and limited applicability in later stages of venture development. Findings from this article can thus aid entrepreneurship scholars and practitioners to improve their prescriptions and can create new avenues for developing entrepreneurial methods.

Шунтирование врожденной гидроцефалии у детей

The paper analyzes the results of ventriculoperitoneal shunting operations in the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus in 55 patients aged 3 months up to 3 years. There were 37 boys and 18 girls who underwent various types of shunting operations after the failure of conservative treatment. Retrospectively, by the nature of the performed surgical interventions, the patients were divided into two groups: the first group included 25 children with congenital forms of cerebral dropsy, where ventriculoperitoneal shunting is performed with fixation of the distal shunt by separate sutures into the abdominal cavity; the second group included 30 children of similar ages, who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting without fixation by creating a tunnel and two, three holes fixing it. By studying the nature and causes of occlusive syndromes, the authors modified the method of shunting operations, which proved its rationality and effectiveness. In the scientific–grounded causes of occlusion of shunt catheters and methods for their correction. Dynamics with the use of neurosonography and MRI are recommended for detection and early treatment of disturbed shunt conditions. The most dangerous complication hyperdrainage detected during the operation was the formation of hydromas. To prevent the development of this pathology, it is enough to put the patient on the bed with the lowered head end. For the detection and subsequent treatment of conditions associated with dysfunction of the shunt required regular re not, with the spuriousness of this method is the computerized tomography scan or MRI. It is very important to have a conversation with the parents of the child who underwent shunting operations about the properties of the drainage system, the nature of possible complications and tactics of behaviour that allows you to timely provide the necessary assistance to patients.

Communicative training as a means of forming the readiness of a language personality to speech interaction

The article is devoted to communicative training as a means of forming the readiness of the linguistic personality for speech interaction. Revealed the relevance of the work, which is the development of special training tools for intercultural communication. Achieved work goal. The main type of preparation for intercultural communication, focused on practical interaction with another culture, is training. Prospects for further research lie in the development of methodological foundations of communication trainings in order to shape the readiness of the linguistic personality to speech interaction. The communicative training consists of stages such as task setting; actualization of students' language experience; the formation of the representation of the Indonesians about the scenarios of Ukrainian etiquette interaction, familiarization with etiquette forms that function in Ukrainian culture, with the common strategies and tactics of speech behavior in a variety of etiquette situations; recognition and analysis of etiquette formulas in authentic texts; training the ability to correct the speech behavior; reflection. In the article we give examples to the stages of communicative training the work on the genre of compliment. The first stage of the training is to inform students about the topic of the lesson and the teacher's message about the notion of "compliment" and the national specificity of the compliment in Ukrainian culture. The second stage is the formation of the students presentation about the rules of using the compliment in the Ukrainian culture. The third stage of the training is the solution of communication tasks and exercises built on the basis of authentic texts, for example, the teacher can use the broadcast recordings of participants of radio and television programs, heroes of feature films, spoken speech of the speakers of the language. The fourth stage of the communicative training is the organization of reflection, which consists of reflection, self-observation, the desire to understand their own feelings and actions.

Стратегии воспитания безопасности детей в городском пространстве: социологический анализ родительских практик поведения

The paper focuses on parental practices used to ensure the child safety in urban spaces. The city is viewed as an increasingly dangerous environment, a complex social space that provides and requires new communication patterns and social scenarios. The “Alternative” private school in the city of Krasnodar was chosen as an empirical base for the study, and parents of middle- and high-school students (grades 5–11) were interviewed for the purposes of the current research. The study identified four main child safety strategies and practices that parents implement to ensure the safety of their children in an urban space. In order to study the perceptions of strategies and practices aimed at ensuring the children’s safety in an urban environment, the researchers analysed the motives, attitudes and tactics of the parents. The results of the study suggest that the parents mainly use prevention strategies in their activities to educate their children on safety. The prevention strategies include such practices as having talks with the children, organising class meetings and training sessions at school, and participating in various educational activities. However, many schoolchildren, especially those who reside in large urban areas, appear to lack the necessary attitudes and motives that comprise safe behaviour. They demonstrate underdeveloped self-preservation behaviour tactics, including a low ability to analyse the environment and to foresee the consequences of their actions. A lack of life experience results in almost any situation a child faces daily in an urban space becoming potentially dangerous for them. Parents continuously increase safety standards and try to exercise total control over their child’s safety, which can be actively facilitated by modern technological developments which provide for constant communication with children. By implementing the prohibition strategy, parents try to calm their own fears and anxieties for their children’s safety while actively applying prohibiting practices (i. e. not allowing the child to visit certain places, limiting the time the child may spend on the computer, etc.). This kind of strategy interferes with the normal development of the child and with their gaining personal experience of the environment. Modern parenting is gradually shifting towards a prevention strategy that includes close communication between parents and children in a private school setting.

FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE USE OF WATER RESOURCES IN INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

The triad of value-oriented dominants of development, formation, and practical implementation into the economy, as well as further development in the resource limitations of the five-dimensional spatial system of natural resources assets management system in Ukraine were defined and described. They were disclosed according to three areas of generation of multi-component capacities for rationalization of spatial management, which are delineated according to constitutive and key properties of management of the natural and economic space of the state, its regions, and separate territories. Grouping and delineation were carried out in the directions which: are caused by the structure and target and specific functions of the system; form the capacity of a complex system for self-preservation; characterize the behavioural tactic and strategy of a spatial system for achievement of the objective and resolving the target tasks in the field of rationalization of the state’s natural resources assets management. A set of model solutions was worked out and justified for calculation of the basic indices of its operation, namely: the relative organization of the spatial system architecture, structural and functional organization of its parameters, degree of uncertainty of the condition of a multi-dimensional management system, reliability of its operation as capacities for failure-free operation in various conditions of functioning, capacity of the spatial system and its five subsystems for self-preservation. It was proved and confirmed that building up a new format of a spatial system of natural resources assets management with simultaneous incorporation of the provisions of the systemic, synergetic, structural and informational, and platform theoretical approaches protects rationalization of development and usage of the existing strategic potential of Ukraine and its regions based on the consequences of achievement of sustainable economy with resource limitations, accompanied with constant growth of socio-political threats and risks.

SYSTEM-ORGANIZED COMBINATION OF VALUE-ORIENTED DOMINANT FORMATION OF NATURAL AND ECONOMIC SPACE

The triad of value-oriented dominants of development, formation, and practical implementation into the economy, as well as further development in the resource limitations of the five-dimensional spatial system of natural resources assets management system in Ukraine were defined and described. They were disclosed according to three areas of generation of multi-component capacities for rationalization of spatial management, which are delineated according to constitutive and key properties of management of the natural and economic space of the state, its regions, and separate territories. Grouping and delineation were carried out in the directions which: are caused by the structure and target and specific functions of the system; form the capacity of a complex system for self-preservation; characterize the behavioural tactic and strategy of a spatial system for achievement of the objective and resolving the target tasks in the field of rationalization of the state’s natural resources assets management. A set of model solutions was worked out and justified for calculation of the basic indices of its operation, namely: the relative organization of the spatial system architecture, structural and functional organization of its parameters, degree of uncertainty of the condition of a multi-dimensional management system, reliability of its operation as capacities for failure-free operation in various conditions of functioning, capacity of the spatial system and its five subsystems for self-preservation. It was proved and confirmed that building up a new format of a spatial system of natural resources assets management with simultaneous incorporation of the provisions of the systemic, synergetic, structural and informational, and platform theoretical approaches protects rationalization of development and usage of the existing strategic potential of Ukraine and its regions based on the consequences of achievement of sustainable economy with resource limitations, accompanied with constant growth of socio-political threats and risks.

ГЕДОНІЗМ ЯК МЕХАНІЗМ ОПОРУ ТОТАЛІТАРНІЙ СИСТЕМІ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ПРОЗИ КІНЦЯ ХХ — ПОЧАТКУ ХХІ СТОЛІТЬ)

The article analyses the dichotomy of the Imperial and Post-Imperial experience outlined in the Ukrainian postcolonial prose of the late 20 – early 21 centuries from the point of view of hedonism as a specific mechanism of resistance to the totalitarian system. The features of Ukrainian-Russian relations in the system of «colony — Empire» are defined and the specifics of hedonistic worldview through the transformation of behavioral tactics of the heroes of modern Ukrainian prose are determined. On the basis of historical-literary and comparative methods of text analysis, the markers of the behavior of hedonic characters as a reaction to the prevailing regime in reality are proposed.As a result of the study, it is determined that the ambiguity and inconsistency of the Ukrainian-Russian relations in the system of «colony — Empire» determine the specificity of hedonistic worldview and behavioral tactics of the heroes of modern Ukrainian prose. In connection with the change of the political system and the partial deconstruction of the Imperial discourse, the characters are experiencing a crisis that becomes a catalyst for permanent escape from the oppressive reality and its inhibiting factors. The hero of Ukrainian postcolonial prose is not always able to realize his own nationality and, acting as a latent carrier of dualistic self-identification, avoids the bleak of physical and mental aspects thanks to escapism. The desired escape from reality, exit into unconscious space are possible only through the avoidance of spiritual suffering and obtaining non prolonged, but constant pleasure from alcoholic beverages and drugs.