Behavior Management Techniques Research Articles

Pengaruh Bimbingan Kelompok Dengan Teknik Reinforcement Positif Dan Self Management Untuk Meningkatkan Konsentrasi Belajar

This study aims to examine the group guidance on reinforcement positive and self management techniques on increasing student concentration. This research was carried out in class VIII SMP N 8 Magelang. This Study uses a pretest-posttest control group design. The sampel taken in this study was 16 students with the devision of 8 students as the experimental group one and 8 as the eksperimental group two. Sampling using cluster random sampling technique. Data collection in this study was carried out using a learning concentration. The data analysis method used is the One Way Anova parametric analysis. The results Showed that the group guidance on Reinforcement pisitive and Self Management techniques on increasing student concentration. This can be proven from the Anova test result in the experimental group with the probability value of Sig. 0,00<0,05 (2-Tailed). Based one the results of the analysis and discussion there is a difference in the score of the learning concentration scale between the exsperimental group one and the exksperimental group two which is 23,49 % higher than the eksperimental group two 14,01 %. The results of the study can be concluded that the group guidance of behavioral Reinforcement pisitive and Self Management techniques on increase student concentration.

LET’S GEAR PAST THE FEAR – COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FILMED MODELLING AND TELL-SHOW-DO TECHNIQUE BASED ON SITUATIONAL ANXIETY DURING FIRST DENTAL VISIT– AN ORIGINAL STUDY

BACKGROUND: A successful dental treatment by a Paediatric dentist is depicted with a smile on the treated child’s face. The most popular techniques followed in practice for behaviour management of a child is Filmed Modelling and Tell-Show-Do which is compared in the present study. AIM: To compare the effectiveness of Filmed Modelling and Tellshow-Do behaviour management technique on situational anxiety amongst the children during their first dental visit. MATERIALS & METHODS: Children of age group between 5 to 9 years presenting for the first time to the dental outpatient unit were randomly selected for the study. 50 children were divided into two groups; Group I received Filmed Modelling technique and Group II received Tell-Show-Do technique. Each child’s anxiety was measured using modified Venham’s anxiety rating scale and physiological changes were monitored using pulse oximeter before behaviour management and after treatment by oral prophylaxis. RESULTS: Student’s t test was done to compare the anxiety rating and Chi square test was done to compare the heart rates measured at two intervals. Statistically significant differences were seen in clinical anxiety rating scores between the two groups where Filmed Modelling was found to be better and no statistically significant differences were observed on comparison of heart rates between the two study groups. KEYWORDS: Filmed modelling, Tell-Show-Do, Situational anxiety, Dental anxiety, Anxiety measurements

Behaviour Management Techniques for Organic Psychosocial Deficit Incurred by Severe Head Injury

Subgroups of severe head injured patients exhibit patterns of organic psychosocial deficits resulting in behavioural disturbances. Behavioural management techniques are discussed and two case illustrations are presented in detail: a physically disabled but cognitively well preserved patient who refused to cooperate with therapy programmes; and a permanently severely physically and cognitively disabled patient who screamed and was assaultive whenever physical proximity or contact occurred.

Effects of audiovisual distraction in children with Down syndrome during dental restorations: a randomised clinical trial.

To evaluate the effect of audiovisual distraction on the dental chairside behaviour of children with Down syndrome (DS) during dental restorations and its influence on the operator stress and the duration of the appointment. Study design: This randomised controlled trial included 48 children with DS requiring dental restorations. The study group was treated while wearing video eyeglasses, the control group with conventional behaviour management techniques. The child behaviour was evaluated using the revised Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale (r-FLACC) and the Frankl scale. The operator stress was evaluated using a VAS scale and the duration of the appointment was recorded. In the study group 64% of the children refused to wear the video eyeglasses during the whole duration of the dental treatment, the median r-FLACC score was significantly higher (p= 0.01552; Mann Whitney U test) and significantly more children showed a negative behaviour (68%vs 30%: p =0.011; Chi-square test). Audiovisual distraction using video eyeglasses is not useful in managing the dental chairside behaviour of children with DS.

An exploratory investigation of proximity control in a large-group unstructured setting

Proximity control is a common component of many classroom management strategies and has been shown to reduce disruptive behavior as well as increase academic engagement among students. Much of the research on proximity control to date has been conducted in structured classroom settings or in combination with other behavioral management techniques. This applied study investigated the effect of proximity control on student behavior in a large, unstructured setting using an ABAB withdrawal design. Results indicate that staff proximity was effective at reducing inappropriate student behavior. The study also explored the acceptability of the treatment among staff participants. Staff reported lower levels of acceptability for the implementation of proximity control compared to pretreatment methods of monitoring. A discussion of these findings and implications is included.

INTEGRATING NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS OF DEMENTIA

Non-pharmacological interventions (NI) are accepted as the first line treatment to reduce the severity and frequency of behavioral symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, there is a marked paucity of evidenced-based NI for BPSD, leading psychiatric providers to rely too heavily on the second-line treatment for BPSD; pharmacological interventions (PI). This clinically focused presentation will demonstrate a comprehensive approach for psychiatric providers to educate family and caregivers on NI aimed to reduce the severity and frequency of BPSD, as well as integrate this teaching material with PI psycho-education. Types of NI for BPSD include sensory stimulation interventions, cognitive/emotion-oriented interventions, behavior management techniques as well as exercise and pet therapy, with music therapy and behavioral management having the most evidence for reducing BPSD. There are multiple barriers to determining evidenced based NI, which has led to geriatric psychiatry expert consensus treatment guidelines for BPSD, namely the DICE approach. The evidenced based dementia care training program STAR (Staff Training in Assisted living Residences) has demonstrated significant reduction in BPSD in dementia patients residing in the assisted living setting. Key components of this behavior management approach can be applied by psychiatric providers to family and caregiver education in the clinic and long-term care setting. Published qualitative data on barriers to implementation of dementia psycho-education have been identified, and practical strategies can counter these, including teaching providers to quickly assess family/caregiver education needs, modeling communication skills, implementing pleasant event schedules for patients to reduce BPSD, and learning how to code/bill for time spent not involving face to face time with patients. These strategies can be integrated with already published treatment algorithms for PI for BPSD, though it requires psychiatric providers to effectively educate caregivers and family members on realistic expectations and safety risks associated with PI for BPSD. Psychiatric providers can then utilize this integrated approach in their consultative role with primary care and long-term care providers. Further investigation into the effectiveness of this integrated BPSD approach is needed as well as a concerted effort to systematize the delivery of psycho-education into dementia care.

Understanding the lived experience of British non-offending paedophiles

PurposeResearch into paedophilia mainly uses offender samples; thus, little is understood about non-offending paedophiles. The limited body of research has been conducted in North America or Europe whose health and legal systems differ from those in the UK. Using semi-structured interviews, the purpose of this study is to explore the experience of three non-offending British paedophilic males.Design/methodology/approachThe interview discussed their paedophilia, refraining from offending and perspectives on treatment initiatives. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.FindingsThree superordinate themes emerged: “paedophilia as more than a sexuality,” “acceptance leads to management” and “barriers to support.” These encapsulated how paedophilia was understood, how accepting one’s sexual attraction is tantamount to well-being and the various obstacles to providing support were discussed.Research limitations/implicationsAcknowledging the sampling considerations (size and recruitment), the results implicate research into paedophilia. The onset of paedophilia was chronologically associated with typical sexual attraction, and not the result of sexual abuse as some theories suggest. Furthermore, the tenets of attraction to children extending beyond sexual desire were highlighted. Practically, the results influence future research into the area and highlight the dearth in our understanding of diverse behavioural management techniques (i.e. computerised images of children or human-like dolls).Originality/valueThis paper presents novel insight into the aspects of paedophilia, excluding offensive behaviour and highlights the need for affordable, UK-based services targeted towards people with a paedophilic attraction to manage child sexual abuse preventatively and not reactively.

Going to “The Land of Drama”: Behavior management techniques in a kindergarten sociodramatic play residency

ABSTRACT This study examined the impact of educational drama on behavior management techniques used by Teaching Artists (TA’s) during a guided sociodramatic play residency. Four TA’s, two males and two females, teaching a total of eight Kindergarten classrooms were observed on videotape to see how they managed student behavior during the first lesson and the last lesson of a guided sociodramatic play residency. Four categories were coded for: no management, directive management, supportive management, and mixed management. There was a statistically significant difference reduction in the amount of directive behavior management employed by the TA’s between Lessons 1 and 13. The preliminary results indicate that further empirical study be done on the direct of effects of educational drama on self-regulation development in children. This may reflect an increase in children’s self-regulation over time, perhaps as a function of the sociodramatic play activities. Direct, experimental examination of children’s behavioral change during drama residencies are warranted. As the need for teamwork skills and effective communication is vital in school, self-regulated behavior is imperative for academic achievement and social competency, and educational drama may have an impact on gaining these skills.

Parental acceptance of behavior management techniques for preschool children in dental practice: Revisited.

Parental acceptance of behavior management techniques (BMTs) in dental practice is important and subjected to change with the dynamics of the society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the parental acceptance of eight selected BMTs: tell-show-do (TSD), voice control (VC), passive restraint (PR), active restraint (AR), parental presence/absence (PP/PA), oral sedation (OS), inhalation sedation nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2), and general anesthesia (GA) and its associated factors in a group of Thai parents. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 parents of preschool children in Bangkok metropolitan. Parents were asked to rate the BMTs demonstrated in video with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Possible relevant factors were collected via questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the samples. BMTs were ranked by mean VAS using the general linear model repeated measure. The association between the mean VASs and parental and child's factors was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and independent t-test. Significant factors were further analyzed by multiple linear regression. The level of confidence was set at 95%. All BMTs were acceptable. TSD was rated the highest, followed by PR, VC, AR, N2O/O2, OS, GA, and PP/PA, respectively. Parental dental anxiety was associated with less acceptance of PP/PA. Child's experience of VC, AR, OS, and PP/PA was related to better acceptance of the techniques. The BMTs were better accepted with similar pattern compared to past studies. PP/PA was the least accepted related to high parental anxiety. Child's experience with BMTs increased the acceptance.

Dentist's skills of behavior management: A study of knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists in managing child patient

Context: Dental specialists are relied upon to analyze and deal with all the dental diseases successfully that is inside the information and abilities procured during dental education. However, with regard to child patients, the dentist plays a unique role. Yet, without legitimate conduct of behavior management technique (BMT), there would not be successful treatment outcomes. Aim: Therefore, the study aimed to explore dental specialist's skills in dental fear and to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental professionals in West Bengal giving treatment to pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among dentists working in West Bengal providing treatment to pediatric patients. A structured English questionnaire intended with the end goal of this investigation was utilized. The gathered information comprises awareness and application of various BMTs while attending a child dental patient among dental practitioners; their sociodemographics; the level of professional training; working experience; faculty profile furthermore their perspectives concerning the improvement of practicing. Utilizing SPSS program version 18, frequency distributions and cross-tabulations analyses were performed. Results: Younger dentists were more aware (82.8%) about universally applied BMTs as compared to older (75%) (P = 0.6855). “Tell show do” were considered to be the most preferable technique (81.8%) and “Parental presence and absence” was the second most preferred technique (73.8%). Conclusion: As the degree of adequacy were marked “average” by the dental specialist in treating child patients. Subsequently, dental education ought to incorporate guidelines and techniques to prepare the impending dentists for an amazing practice in pediatric dentistry.

The effect of television distraction versus Tell-Show-Do as behavioral management techniques in children undergoing dental treatments.

Distraction is a highly acceptable technique for diverting a patient's attention from what may be perceived as an unpleasant procedure, reducing anxiety and helping the patient relax. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of watching television during dental treatment on pediatric patients' anxiety and cooperation compared to the commonly used conventional Tell-Show-Do (TSD) behavioral management method. Sixty-nine children (mean age 6.8 years) scheduled to undergo restorative dental treatment were randomly divided into two intervention groups: a group that was managed by television distraction and a control group that was managed by TSD. During treatment, anxiety was assessed by the Facial Image Scale and cooperative behavior was assessed by the Frankl scale. Pulse rate and oxygen saturation were also measured during the treatment. Compared to TSD, television distraction significantly reduced anxiety by 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.798 to 1.744, adjusted P < .001), decreased pulse rate by 6.44 beats per minute (bpm) (95% CI 4.60 to 8.28, adjusted P < .001), and significantly increased cooperation by 1.17 (95% CI -1.318 to -1.020, adjusted P < .001). A greater effect of television distraction on reduced anxiety and increased cooperation was observed during administration of the anesthetic injection. No effect of television distraction on saturation levels was noted. Television distraction is an effective method for reducing anxiety and improving cooperative behavior in children during dental treatments.

A comparative study of tell-show-do technique with and without the aid of a virtual tool in the behavior management of 6-9-year-old children: A nonrandomized, clinical trial.

Dental fear is a common and imperative emotion that develop as a response to the stressful situation, which raises children's anxiety level and resulting in avoidance behavior. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the tell-show-do technique with and without the aid of a virtual tool in the management of pediatric dental patients. Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, nonrandomized clinical trial. A total of 90 children of the age group of 6-9 years who were in the need of restorative treatment without using local anesthesia were assigned into two groups: Control group, where tell-show-do was applied as behavior management technique and intervention group in which tell-show-do with the aid of a virtual tool was applied. Child anxiety level was assessed using a combination of anxiety rating parameters before and after the procedure. Three physiological parameters (heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate) and two behavioral parameters (Wright's modification of Frankl' behavior Rating Scale and Facial Image Scale) were recorded. Physiological parameters were analyzed using the independent sample t-test and behavioral parameters using the Mann-Whitney U-test (P < 0.05). A significant difference in all five parameters was observed between the control group and intervention group. Virtual tool offers a new concept of virtual distraction aid in pediatric dentistry, and it was found to be very effective in managing anxious pediatric patients. This promising method diminishes the unpleasantness often associated with dental procedures and offers a relaxed state in children.

Evaluation of Children's Anxiety Using Different Behavior Management Techniques

Evaluation of Children's Anxiety Using Different Behavior Management Techniques

The Establishment of an Intravenous Conscious Sedation Service for Adult Patients in a Primary Dental Care Setting

Dental anxiety is common within the population and can detrimentally affect the delivery of dental care for those patients affected. Non-pharmacological-based behaviour management techniques are available to the clinician but may not be sufficient or applicable for every patient. In such cases, intravenous conscious sedation with midazolam has been demonstrated to be safe, effective and well tolerated. The present article reviews the criteria and guidance which must be addressed by the dental team when establishing an intravenous conscious sedation service in a primary dental care setting. CPD/Clinical Relevance: General dental practitioners may wish to consider establishing a conscious sedation service in their practices to facilitate the care of nervous patients or those undergoing prolonged, unpleasant treatments such as surgical procedures. The present paper aims to highlight the considerations which require to be addressed in order to establish such a service for adult patients using intravenous midazolam.

Audio-Visual Distraction Effect on Heart Rate in Children during Dental Treatment, A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Dental anxiety is one of the causes of avoiding dental visits in children and is associated with physiological body reactions as increased heart rate. Different behavior management techniques have been used to reduce dental anxiety among them are Tell-show-do technique and audiovisual (AV) distraction. Aim: To determine the effect of audiovisual distraction on heart rate during dental treatment in children. Subjects and methods: Forty-two patients requiring pulp therapy were randomly allocated to either control group (managed by tell-show-do technique) or test group (managed by audiovisual distraction using virtual reality eyeglasses). Heart rate measures were recorded for all patients before the treatment and every five minutes during the procedure. Results were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in heart rate mean values between both study groups. Where AV distraction group showed better results in lowering anxiety. Conclusions: Audiovisual distraction can be considered an effective method for reducing anxiety during dental treatment and helping the patients enjoy the dental visit.

Современные зарубежные исследования посттравматического стрессового расстройства и его лечения эффективными психотерапевтическими методами у взрослых

The article offers a systematic review of foreign investigations into posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for the past twenty years as well as the findings of the research into the drug-free treatment of PTSD in the light of an extensive systematic review of the scientific literature of the World Health Organization (WHO). The article presents the results of the investigations into the risk factors, the prognoses, the statistical data on the prevalence of PTSD, and the diagnostic criteria of PTSD according to ICD-11 and DSM-V, including the relevant and the most recent investigations into the PTSD and Complex PTSD (ICD-11). As a result of the review, two scientifically proven effective methods of the drug-free treatment of PTSD have been revealed: Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) as well as cognitive or behavioural stress management techniques that do not focus on trauma.

The improbable challenge of managing students’ challenging behaviors in schools: Professional reflections from a 30 year career

Managing students’ challenging behaviors is one of the most difficult tasks teachers face. Many teachers, during their training, were never required to take a class in behavior management. Consequently, it does not come naturally for teachers to manage students’ challenging behaviors and will be rarely be effectively addressed for two reasons: (1) certain teacher characteristics regarding behavior management and (2) some dimensions of school culture. The philosophical linchpin is not an inability of teachers to learn effective behavior management techniques, but rather what they believeabout the process. This article addresses teacher and school variables and offers alternative ideas about managing students’ behaviors more effectively.

Midazolam use in pediatric dentistry: a review

Behaviour management and dental procedures performed in very young, pre-cooperative, highly anxious, or medically disabled children are challenging tasks. Various drugs and methods have, however, been introduced to facilitate treatment for this patient population. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine used as an adjunct to behavior management techniques in the dental treatment of pediatric patients. Midazolam can be used as a safe and effective drug for conscious sedation, general anesthetic premedication, and treatment of seizures during dental procedures. Nevertheless, further research involving pediatric patients would be beneficial.

Use of Behavior Management Techniques by Dental Practitioners During the Treatment of Pediatric Patients from Different Age Groups

Use of Behavior Management Techniques by Dental Practitioners During the Treatment of Pediatric Patients from Different Age Groups

Retraction: Midazolam use in pediatric dentistry: a review.

[This retracts the article on p. 1 in vol. 20, PMID: 32158954.].