Behavioral Interactions Research Articles

Comparison of different colored barley hordein/glutelin techno-functional and its ratio modulation on the improvement of reconstituted dough's dynamic thermal processing behavior: A mechanistic investigation

Aiming to boost the high-value utilization of colored barley resources and to broaden its processing depth in cereal products. This study compared the techno-functional characteristics of hordein/glutelin, a key component for gluten in white (W), blue (B), and black (BK) barley, and attempted to modulate their ratios for enhancing reconstituted dough thermal processing suitability. Results indicated that white barley's hordein/glutelin techno-functional profiles are more adapted for dough processing. During dough thermal processing, C2-C3 interval changes were mainly reflected in morphological structure, water distribution, rheological behavior, and textural properties, while the C3-C4 interval variations were interpreted as protein secondary/tertiary structural transitions and intermolecular interactions. Notably, “hordein: glutelin = 50:50″ was a crucial factor in determining the barley dough quality, i.e., low hordein ratio (25:75) was unfavorable for gluten matrix and continuous network formation, whereas its excessive ratio (75:25) weakened the protein aggregation behavior and gluten interaction with starch. Correlation analysis showed that the gluten network's connection density/porosity, protein's secondary structure, and ionic bond strength are key factors modulating dough processing suitability. Therefore, by rationally regulating the hordein/glutelin ratio, barley dough products can be produced with various edible characteristics for consumption. Also, attention should be focused on breeding high hordein ratio barley kernels to improve their gluten profile and thus promote its potential application in cereal processing.

Exploring John Searle’s Analysis of Intentional Satisfaction: Sociological Implications for the Concept of Intentionality

This paper delves into the concept of intentionality, which is deeply ingrained in the representation of consciousness, and its significance in comprehending human behavior and societal dynamics. Specifically, it examines John Searle’s analysis of intentional satisfaction and contrasts it with the theory of Intentionality put forth by Husserl. Searle’s perspective, particularly his exploration of conditions of satisfaction and intentional consciousness, sheds light on the intersection of the mind and reality. At the heart of Searle’s framework lies the crucial connection between intentional satisfaction and causal experience, advocating for a naturalistic philosophical standpoint. By delving into these intricacies, the paper aims to uncover sociological implications for comprehending intentionality within the framework of social structures and interactions. Searle’s examination of intentional satisfaction offers insights into how individuals attribute meaning to their actions and experiences, shaping their understanding of the world around them. Furthermore, by juxtaposing Searle’s ideas with Husserl’s theory, the paper highlights the diverse philosophical perspectives on intentionality and underscores the complexity of this concept. Moreover, by exploring the relationship between intentional satisfaction and causal experience, Searle’s framework suggests a nuanced understanding of the mechanisms underlying human behavior. This understanding not only enriches philosophical discourse but also has profound implications for fields such as psychology and sociology. In conclusion, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on intentionality by offering a comparative analysis of Searle’s perspective with that of Husserl, while also emphasizing the sociological implications of understanding intentionality within social contexts. Through this exploration, we gain deeper insights into the intricate dynamics of consciousness representation and its role in shaping human behavior and societal interactions.

Opportunistic predatory feeding behaviour of Munida intermedia A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1899 targeting juveniles of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788) in the north-western Mediterranean Sea

The genus Munida, inhabits various marine habitats and exhibits versatile feeding behaviour. This study explored the behavioural patterns of Munida intermedia, shedding light on its opportunistic behaviour and competitive interactions within its ecological niche. In 2018, during an investigation using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), carried out on the Méjean shoal (north-western Mediterranean Sea), at 397 m depth, specimens were observed engaging in opportunistic predatory feeding, targeting juveniles of the bathypelagic silver scabbardfish Lepidopus caudatus. Our findings underscore the dynamic nature of M. intermedia feeding habits and the significant role of competitive interactions within its habitat, highlighting the role of video technology in capturing real-time information.

Decision-Making with Predictions of Others' Likely and Unlikely Choices in the Human Brain.

For better decisions in social interactions, humans often must understand the thinking of others and predict their actions. Since such predictions are uncertain, multiple predictions may be necessary for better decision-making. However, the neural processes and computations underlying such social decision-making remain unclear. We investigated this issue by developing a behavioral paradigm and performing functional magnetic resonance imaging and computational modeling. In our task, female and male participants were required to predict others' choices in order to make their own value-based decisions, as the outcome depended on others' choices. Results showed, to make choices, the participants mostly relied on a value difference (primary) generated from the case where others would make a likely choice, but sometimes they additionally used another value difference (secondary) from the opposite case where others make an unlikely choice. We found that the activations in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) correlated with the primary difference while the activations in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rdlPFC) correlated with the secondary difference. Analysis of neural coupling and temporal dynamics suggested a three-step processing network, beginning with the left amygdala signals for predictions of others' choices. Modulated by these signals, the PCC and rdlPFC reflect the respective value differences for self-decisions. Finally, the medial prefrontal cortex integrated these decision signals for a final decision. Our findings elucidate the neural process of constructing value-based decisions by predicting others and illuminate their key variables with social modulations, providing insight into the differential functional roles of these brain regions in this process.

Research on the configuration of factors influencing safety citizenship behavior of construction workers based on fsQCA

ABSTRACT Objectives. How to promote the safety citizenship behavior (SCB) of construction workers has been studied in academic circles. However, most current research methods focus on the ‘net effect' between the independent variable and SCB. Methods and Results. Based on the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method and from the perspective of ‘configuration’, this article proposes that the emergence of SCB not only depends on a single condition, but also depends on the interaction of safety leadership behavior (SLB), organizational safety climate (OSC), organizational safety support (OSS), safety attitude (SA), safety motivation (SM), safety risk perception (SRP) and psychological belonging (PB). Conclusion. The research shows that the emergence of construction workers’ SCB can be realized through different combinations of variables, and both ‘external environment-driven' and ‘interpersonal relationship-driven' paths can promote the generation of SCB. This research provides a more systematic and practical explanation for how to promote the generation of SCB of construction workers, expand the research scope of safety management and play a positive role in reducing the incidence of safety accidents in the construction industry.

Hyphenating sustainability with chemometrics in chromatographic analysis of COVID combo therapy, nirmatrelvir and Molnupiravir, in presence of their overlapping degradation products; blue-green dual evaluation tools

Our manuscript managed to hyphenate the novelty and sustainability in one method. A novel combination of molnupiravir (MNP) and nirmatrelvir (NTV) was found to be a potential symbiotic therapy against SARS-CoV-2. Yet, there is no analytical method published for either determination or stability investigation of this combination simultaneously. So, the proposed HPLC technique focused on determination of MNP and NTV in presence of their degradation products. The sustainability was achieved in our method by using chemometrics tools to quantify NTV in presence of its co-eluted degradation product (NTV-D) without excessive time and solvent usage for separation (run time 5 min.). Moreover, the linearity parameters of both MNP and NTV, including correlation coefficient, LOD and LOQ, have been enhanced significantly after chemometrics treatment through convolution of the resultant derivative curves using trigonometric Fourier function. For example, LOQ of MNP decreased from 3.53 to 0.31 µg/mL and for NTV, LOQ decreased from 4.98 to 2.10 µg/mL after chemometrics treatment. The stability results of the proposed method indicates that no interaction or change in stability behavior of both drugs when co-administered with each other. Thus, this can be used as an empirical basis to initiate clinical trials of this combination for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.Additionally, in order to determine the impact of chemometric methods in minimizing analysis time and reducing solvent, energy, and waste consumption, our chemometric methodology is evaluated in terms of greenness and blueness (dichromic assessment) using AGREE and BAGI, respectively. Besides, the method sustainability using Hexagon was evaluated.

Efficiency Comparison between Simplified and Advanced Evacuation Analysis Models: A Case Study of Guryong Station, Republic of Korea

Modern subway systems have increased in size and complexity, and this growth presents significant challenges for planners of emergency evacuations. In this study, the effectiveness of the simplified and advanced evacuation analysis methods recommended by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are evaluated for Guryong Station in Seoul, South Korea. The simplified evacuation analysis method facilitates rapid assessments by using general parameters, while the advanced evacuation analysis entails performing detailed simulations of human behavior and physical interactions. Our findings indicate that the results of the simplified evacuation analysis method are reasonably close to those of the more time-consuming advanced evacuation analysis method, thereby demonstrating the practical applicability of the former method for conducting initial evacuation safety assessments. Specifically, both the simplified and advanced methods showed a 20% reduction in Total Evacuation Time when tunnel evacuation routes were utilized. This finding demonstrates that the simplified method can produce results comparable to the advanced method, making it a reliable tool for initial assessments and for evaluating alternative strategies to reduce evacuation time. By demonstrating that the simplified evacuation analysis method can yield reliable results, we provide valuable insights for developing smart, resilient cities with efficient emergency-response capabilities.

On the time-dependent sliding contact behavior of three-phase polymer matrix smart composites

Abstract Three-phase smart composites consisting of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric reinforcements embedded with a polymer matrix can achieve specific multifunctional properties in response to external stimuli, which are well-suited for the application of sensors, actuators, and electronic devices. The materials exhibit complex behaviors characterized by electro-magneto-viscoelasticity coupling during the contact of these smart structures. This paper proposes a novel hybrid element method (HEM) for numerically analyzing the frictionless sliding contact problem stemming from the viscoelastic behavior and multiphase interactions of polymer matrix smart composites. The study aims to fully investigate the effects of material properties, sliding velocities, and action time on the contact behavior of materials via the integration of the conjugate gradient method (CGM) with the discrete convolution-fast Fourier transform (DC-FFT) algorithm. The analytical viscoelastic frequency response functions (FRFs) are derived by substituting elastic solutions with the time-dependent relaxation modulus. Numerical results show that three-phase polymer matrix smart composites exhibit lower contact pressure and higher surface electric/magnetic potential than three-phase magneto-electro-elastic composites. Sliding velocity and action time strongly influence the distribution of pressure/stress and electric/magnetic potential.

Multiscale spatial analysis of two plant–insect interactions: effects of landscape, resource distribution, and other insects

ContextBiotic resource exploitation is a critical determinant of species’ distributions. However, quantifying resource exploitation patterns through space and time can be difficult, complicating their incorporation in spatial ecology studies. Therefore, understanding the local drivers of spatial patterns of resource exploitation may contribute to better large-scale species distribution models.ObjectivesWe investigated (1) how the resource exploitation patterns of two trophic interactions (plant–insect) are explained by insect behaviour, resource aggregation, and potential insect-insect interactions. We also analyzed how (2) resource patch size and (3) resource accessibility in a heterogeneous landscape affected host exploitation patterns.MethodsWe quantified nectar robbing by insects in the genus Bombus (bumblebees) and seed predation by Brachypterolus vestitus larvae (Antirrhinum beetle) on Antirrhinum majus L. (wild snapdragons) in the Pyrenees Mountains, Catalonia, Spain. We tested hypotheses about resource exploitation by integrating spatial analyses at multiple scales.ResultsBoth trophic interactions were aggregated, explained by the aggregation of their resource. At some scales, nectar robbing is more aggregated than the resource. Trophic interaction abundance is proportional to resource patch size, following the ideal free distribution model. Landscape features do not explain the locations exploited. Nectar robbing and seed predation occur together more often than expected.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that multiple biotic and ecological spatial factors may simultaneously affect resource exploitation at a local scale. These findings should be considered when developing agricultural projects, management plans and conservation policies.

Role of Entomology in the Era of Precision Agriculture: A Review

Precision agriculture (PA) represents a transformative approach to farming by utilizing advanced technologies like GPS remote sensing, and data analytics to optimize crop production and minimize environmental impacts. While technological advancements in PA are well-documented, the role of entomology is often overlooked. This review highlights the critical intersection between entomology and PA, demonstrating how understanding insect behavior, population dynamics, and ecological interactions enhances PA practices. Insects play pivotal roles in pest management, pollination, and ecosystem health, making their study essential for developing effective PA strategies. The review examines how entomological research has informed precision pest management, integrated pest management (IPM) systems, and the use of biological control agents within the PA framework. It discusses how integrating entomological insights with PA technologies, such as remote sensing and sensor networks, enables real-time monitoring and targeted pest control, thus improving crop yields and reducing pesticide use. Additionally, the review addresses challenges such as data integration, technology accessibility, resistance management, and environmental concerns, and highlights prospects including advancements in technology, innovation in monitoring techniques, and the integration of biological control methods. By emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, this review underscores the importance of combining entomological knowledge with PA tools to develop more sustainable and efficient agricultural practices. The integration of entomology into PA not only enhances pest management but also contributes to broader goals of environmental sustainability and agricultural resilience. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive overview of how entomology can advance precision agriculture and foster sustainable food production systems.

The Transformative Therapeutic Relationship: A Challenge and Opportunity.

The transformative therapeutic relationship is a unique interpersonal and intrapsychic phenomenon between analyst and patient. It occurs within the therapeutic framework, and is characterized by specific boundaries of time, place, and verbal and behavioral interactions. Collectively, these interactions may facilitate mutual trust, caring, respect, and affection between analyst and patient. The shared experience of the transformative therapeutic relationship can result in significant intrapsychic and interpersonal changes for both patient and analyst. Clinical case presentations are provided.

Behaviour of wet clay due to off-road traffic loading

Abstract The presence of water in the soil can greatly affect the trafficability of off-roading vehicles, making it difficult to operate. As the water content increases, it can eventually lead to sinkage and immobility. Despite the relevance of this topic in many applications, such as military, agricultural, and earthmoving vehicles, the studies available on tire and moist soil interaction are limited. The numerical modeling of such a system is very challenging because it requires accounting for hydro-mechanical effects, large deformations, non-linear behavior, and complex interactions between the tire and the soil. This work contributes to the understanding of the behavior of moist clay under the influence of traffic loading. In particular, the preliminary results of numeric simulations to study the interaction between moist clay and a passing tire using physics-based techniques are presented. A great emphasis is given to the development of an accurate soil model that can capture the fundamental characteristics of moist clays in saturated conditions.

КОМПАРАТИВНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ И РЕЛИГИОЗНО-ЭТИЧЕСКИХ АСПЕКТОВ ВОСПИТАНИЯ МОЛОДЁЖИ ВОСТОКА

The article presents a comparative analysis of the socio-cultural and religious-ethical aspects of youth upbringing in the East. The study covers the key elements shaping educational practices in various Eastern societies. The main focus is on the influence of these religious and cultural traditions on the formation of values, norms of behavior and social interaction among young people

Horse Owners' Knowledge of Fundamental Care and their Perceptions on the Implementation of a Mandatory Certificate of Knowledge.

The aims of this study were to first determine the extent of owners' fundamental knowledge of equine care, second, gain their opinions on the implementation of a mandatory certificate of knowledge and third, to investigate the association of certification on horse owner knowledge. An online survey comprising 23 questions (18 closed, 5 open) was distributed worldwide via snowball sampling, and completed by 1847 horse owners who were all ≥18 years old from 17 different countries. Almost all (96%, n = 1781) completed surveys were usable. Just over half (52%) of participants held a current equine knowledge certification, and 59% believed a mandatory certificate of knowledge should be necessary to buy, own, or sell a horse. Horse owners with an equine certificate of knowledge were more likely to be in favor of a mandatory certificate (Pearson's Chi-squared = 50.79, df = 1, p < 0.0001). The mean correctly answered knowledge questions was 68%, indicating that approximately 1/3 of horse owners lacked fundamental horse care knowledge. Further examination indicated that participating horse owners showed the least understanding in the behavioral interactions domain (ANOVA F(4, 24) = 4.98, p < 0.01), specifically in relation to pain recognition and learning theory terminology. Arguably, this deficit in knowledge and likely correct application increases the risk of owners using misinformed or inappropriate techniques to manage horse behavior and training, predisposing the horse to experiencing a sub-optimal quality of life. Overall no significant difference was found between the total correct scores of horse owners with or without a certificate (ANOVA F(1, 56) = 0.78, p > 0.05); however, a series of Chi-squared tests revealed that for the more complex questions, horse owners with a certificate scored better than those without (all p < 0.05). Further work is needed to develop an evidence-based assessment framework if mandatory certification of horse owners is to become an effective tool for improving horse welfare and quality of life.

The effectiveness of installing playful learning landscapes in everyday urban spaces

ABSTRACT How can city planners, developmental scientists, designers, architects, and public/private institutions come together to leverage the 80% of children’s waking time spent outside of school to benefit their development? One answer is the Playful Learning Landscapes (PLL) initiative, which marries the learning sciences with urban revitalization to craft carefully planned playful learning experiences that focus on learning outcomes. Playful Learning Landscapes installations placed in high traffic environments in cities ensure maximal exposure, aligning with best practices in the field of prevention science. Results of this meta-analysis provide initial evidence that PLL installations demonstrate large effects on caregiver behavior and caregiver-child interaction, and medium effects on child behavior, in comparison to either control sites or pre-PLL installation. Results also suggest the presence of two significant moderators: the presence of community involvement and type of PLL (permanent physical installations versus pop-ups). While the number of studies included here is small, these findings are encouraging and suggest that continued investment in creating and evaluating new PLL installations is appropriate.

Implementasi Algoritma Teorema Bayes Dengan Pemodelan UML Untuk Mendiagnosis Tingkatan Gangguan Autisme Di SLB Pelita Hati

Autism, as a complex developmental disorder in children with special needs, involves delays in aspects of cognition, emotion, behavior, and social interaction. This research proposes an innovation by applying UML modeling and Bayes Theorem Algorithm to detect the level of autism disorder in Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Pelita Hati. The SLB environment, faced with limited human resources and an increasing number of students, is a major challenge. The developed expert system provides an efficient solution with quick recommendations, reduces the expert's workload, and increases the detection accuracy of autism disorders. The expert approach with Bayes' Theorem provides an accurate insight into the complexity of autism disorders. Bayes' theorem is used to calculate the probability of events based on relevant observations. The application of UML modeling in the design of the expert system proved successful, producing an effective solution to support the diagnosis and treatment of autism disorders in SLB Pelita Hati. The results showed an accuracy of 94%, signifying a heavy level of confidence, with therapy recommendations such as Physiotherapy Therapy, Speech Therapy, Remedial Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Game Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Sensory Integrity. This research makes an important contribution in addressing the challenges in autism diagnosis approaches in special education settings.

Social Dysfunction and Apathy: Transdiagnostic Domains in Late-Life Cognitive Disorders.

Social dysfunction is a maladaptive process of coping, problem solving, and achieving one's goals. A new definition of apathy was cross-linked to social dysfunction, with a reduced goal-directed behavior and social interaction as a separate dimension. We hypothesized that these two neuropsychiatric symptoms may be included in the mild behavioral impairment diagnostic framework, operationalizing and standardizing late-life neuropsychiatric symptom assessment, to improve risk determination of dementia. Social dysfunction and apathy were transdiagnostic and prodromic for late-life cognitive disorders. A transdiagnostic approach could provide a useful mean for a better understanding of apathy and related conditions such as social behavior.

Dynamic Interpersonal Processes at Work: Taking Social Interactions Seriously

Dynamic interpersonal processes are the core foundation of many phenomena of interest to organizational psychology and organizational behavior scholars. This article views the organization as a system of social interaction. From this vantage point, I present a selective review of the current literature that supports a behavioral interaction perspective of interpersonal processes at work. I organize insights into phenomena such as (emergent) leadership, team processes, change management, coaching, selection, and negotiation according to the respective interaction constellation (i.e., dyadic, group, or across the organizational boundary). For each of these constellations, I highlight key empirical insights into behavioral interaction dynamics at the core of each interpersonal phenomenon. I discuss gaps and derive commonalities across different interaction constellations. To promote the consistent pursuit of a social interaction perspective and theory-method alignment, I derive a future research agenda including methodological recommendations for identifying meaningful patterns of social interaction at work.

Pengaruh Tari Rapai Geleng dalam Mengembangkan Sosial Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di RA Safinatul Najjah Manggeng

Improving the social quality of individuals can be achieved through interaction and adaptation of behavior in society according to accepted guidelines. In this case, Rapai Geleng dance is proven as an effective tool to stimulate social growth in early childhood. This study was directed at measuring the impact of Rapai Geleng dance training on social development in children aged 5 to 6 years at RA Safinatul Najjah Manggeng. The focus of the study was on 12 children, divided into 7 girls and 5 boys. The method used is quantitative experimental with a single group testing design before and after the experiment. The study used the whole sample and collected data through observation and documentation. Data analysis used an independent t-test to compare scores before and after the experiment. The results showed a marked improvement in the social skills of the children who engaged in Rapai Geleng dance, with an increase in the mean score from 6.5 to 17.5. Hypothesis testing confirmed the significant difference in scores, resulting in a T count of 7.888 which is greater than the T table of 1.796, with degrees of freedom (df) 11 and a significance value (p-value) of 0.00, which is lower than 0.05. This data reinforces the conclusion that Rapai Geleng dance is effective in supporting children's social development.

Developments and evolution of housing architecture in the post-Corona era with a health-oriented approach

This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and in a pragmatic way, examines the evolution of housing architecture after COVID-19. Thirty experts in architecture and urban planning made up its statistical population. A combination of artificial intelligence algorithms, tree data mining techniques, and the FTOPSIS multi-criteria decision analysis method have been applied to the information analysis process. A panel of experts was formed to gather information, and the criteria of housing design that had evolved in the post-corona period were identified by designing a questionnaire on the Likert scale (i.e., a psychometric scale named after its inventor)—the primary influential factors in the pattern of housing architecture after the Corona period were determined. The findings showed a significant correlation between housing architecture in the post-corona period and people's health patterns. Results showed that the factors that have the most significant impact on the evolution of housing in the region under investigation include the new function of housing (0.152), changing behavioral interactions (0.152), design criteria (0.145) and the passive ventilation factor with a score of 0.113. Other results showed that the physical distance as well as quarantine and isolation components obtained a score of 0.359 and 0.328, respectively, and were identified as the most critical developments in housing architecture. Finally, data mining findings showed that the spatial quality variable in the first phase had the most significant influence on the growth and fortification of the evolution of housing components at the study area level and the promotion of the health of people in the community in the post-pandemic period.