Intention-behavior Relationship Research Articles

Use and behavioural intention of m-payment in GCC countries: Extending meta-UTAUT with trust and Islamic religiosity

Mobile payments and their applications have grown lucratively across the globe. Yet limited studies have attempted to investigate user's attitude on m-payments and their behavioral intention. Taking this as a research gap, this research investigates the important variables that build a positive attitude, behavioral intention and use towards m-payments by using the meta-UTAUT framework, with Islamic religiosity as a moderating variable. This research follows a single cross-sectional design using a survey methodology. 510 sample was collected from Gulf countries and Structural equation modeling analysis was used to test the proposed conceptual model. The results indicate performance expectancy and facilitating conditions are important variables that structure the dependant variables. Trust is found to be significantly related to behavioral intention and use. Also, Islamic religiosity is found to positively moderating the relationship of behavioral intention to use of m-payments. This research extends the framework of meta-UTAUT with trust and introduces Islamic religiosity as a moderating variable. This research contributes extensively to the m-payment literature and theories associated with meta-UTAUT propositions. With in-depth arguments proposed in hypotheses, the propostions contribute to motivation and social learning theories as well.

Understanding the intention-behavior gap: The role of intention strength

This manuscript overviews recent research on the intention-behavior gap, focusing on moderators of the intention-behavior relationship. The manuscript draws on the concept of intention strength to make two important points. First, strong intentions provide better predictions of behavior, thereby reducing the intention-behavior gap. However, strong intentions have the additional features of being more stable over time, less pliable in the face of interventions to change them, and more likely to bias information processing about engaging in the behavior. These four features of intention strength are not independent. For example, stable intentions are likely to provide better predictions of behavior. Second, various predictors of strength (e.g., importance, certainty, extremity) may also constitute important, but little studied, moderators of the intention-behavior relationship. Moreover, the effects of these moderators of the intention-behavior relationship may be mediated through intention stability (and perhaps other features of intention strength). Future research on the intention-behavior gap would benefit from a more systematic consideration of a broad range of moderators of the intention-behavior relationship both individually and in combination. In addition, future research could usefully explore how these moderating effects might be explained. Such a systematic approach may further our understanding of the intention-behavior gap in relation to physical activity and other behaviors.

Exploring rational and automatic processes in parents’ snack and beverage provision: The role of self-control, intention, and counter-intentional habit

The prevalence of childhood obesity remains high, even among young children under 5 years of age. As parents are usually the key providers of food within the home for young children, it is important to understand influences on parental snack and beverage provision. Previous research in this domain is yet to investigate the role of both rational and automatic processes in parents' provision of unhealthy snacks and beverages to their children. Subsequently, the aim of this study was to explore the influence of both habit and self-regulation on parents' behaviours related to providing unhealthy snacks to their child. Two-hundred and forty-nine parents of a child between two and three years of age were recruited via CloudResearch for this prospective study. Parents completed self-report measures of their intention, habit, and self-control related to snack and beverage provision to their child at time-one. One week later, parents self-reported their unhealthy snack and beverage provision over the previous week. Two hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the role of parents' intention, habit, and self-control in predicting their unhealthy snack and beverage provision. Results suggest that both habit and self-control influence parents’ unhealthy snack and beverage provision. However, self-control plays an important role in strengthening the intention-behaviour relationship, and in limiting the impact of opposing habits on behaviour. Interventions that focus on modifying self-control would be useful for improving unhealthy snack and beverage provision among parents with young children.

Understanding the Mediating Effect of Anchoring Price in Extant Mature 4G and Market-Creating 5G Technology Products

This study explores the influence of anchoring price (ANE) on consumer behavior using a quantitative research method. An online survey was piloted, yielding 246 useable responses from 4G and 5G users in China. SmartPLS 3.00 was used to analyze the data, and the assumptions were assessed using the partial least squares-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The empirical findings reveal that the anchoring price (ANE) component partially mediates the connections between purchase intention (CPI) and behavior (CPB) of 5G technology items. This is the first study to investigate the impact of anchoring price (ANE) on intention–behavior relationships. Manufacturers and marketers of 5G technology goods that want to influence positive changes in consumer behavior should look into the study’s findings and implications.

The influence of core service quality associated with Korean women's volleyball on national image and consumption engagement of Korean products: Perspective of Korean Wave in Thailand.

Building on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework, we proposed and tested a hypothesized model examining the effect of core service quality on national image and related behavioral intentions (i.e., intention to visit Korea and intention to purchase Korean products). Using 286 samples collected from Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, during the Korea-Thai Super Match, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the measurement model and the hypotheses, respectively. The results revealed that player attractiveness and emotional experience positively affected national image and behavioral intentions (i.e., intention to visit Korea and purchase Korean products). The findings stress that foreign spectators’ attitudes toward Korean women’s volleyball could translate into consumption behaviors (i.e., visits and Korean products) through the national image.

Older adults' physical activity after lockdown: Testing the health action process approach and the moderating role of fear of Covid-19.

The coronavirus pandemic has influenced many lives, particularly older adults'. Although isolation protects from infection, health behaviors like physical activity (PA) are important to reinstate after lockdown. However, fear of Covid‐19 may act as a barrier, for example, by preventing people from going outside. Based on the health action process approach (HAPA), we investigated whether and why older adults' PA changed after lockdown, and whether fear of Covid‐19 moderates the intention–behavior relationship. Participants of this longitudinal study aged 65+ from German‐speaking Europe completed an online questionnaire about their PA, fear of Covid‐19, and HAPA factors in April and May 2020. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regressions. Results showed that moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) remained stable after lockdown and that self‐efficacy most robustly influenced the intention to be active. PA was not explained by any volitional factor but was strongly related to past PA. Interestingly, the relationship of past and future MVPA was attenuated by fear of Covid‐19, but this finding was not robust when outliers were removed. In conclusion, self‐efficacy is the most important motivator for PA in older adults after an interruption like a lockdown. Strong physical activity habits may facilitate PA after a period of isolation.

A dual process model of affective and instrumental implicit attitude, self-monitoring, and sedentary behavior

IntroductionA dual process model based upon the affect and health behavior framework was used to explain sedentary behavior, where affective and instrumental components of implicit attitude were measured. Extending dual process theory, we assessed the moderating role of self-monitoring on the effects of implicit attitude on behavior. MethodIn Study 1, 148 office workers completed measures of affective and instrumental implicit attitude and self-monitoring at baseline, followed by a measure of sedentary behavior one week later. We then replicated this study in 241 undergraduates, with the addition of measures of the theory of planned behavior at the initial time point to represent conscious pathways to behavior. ResultsIn both studies there was no direct effect of either form of implicit attitude on behavior. However, self-monitoring moderated the effect of affective implicit attitude such that affective implicit attitude was a significant correlate of sedentary behavior only in those low in self-monitoring. In Study 2, sedentary behavior was also associate with intention, and intention was in turn associated with explicit affective attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Self-monitoring was not associated with sedentary behavior, nor did it moderate the intention-behavior relationship. DiscussionFindings suggest sedentary behavior is a largely affect driven behavior. Further, both reasoned and automatic processes contribute to sedentary behavior, but automatic processes only make a significant contribution when individuals are not consistently monitoring their behavior.

Introduction to special section for Angela K. Stevens.

This special section is dedicated to some of the recent work by Dr. Angela Stevens, who passed away unexpectedly last year. She is dearly missed by those fortunate enough to have known her, but her legacy lives on through the lives she touched and her research. Since the beginning of her undergraduate training, Dr. Angela Stevens has dedicated her professional life to improving the lives of people who use drugs and alcohol through research. During her doctoral training at Texas Tech University, her research program focused on risk and protective factors which influence alcohol and cannabis use based on the theory of planned behavior. Dr. Stevens' master's thesis utilized daily diary methodology to examine the within-person intention-behavior relation for alcohol use among a sample of young adults (Stevens et al., 2017). This work indicated that individuals higher in phenotypes related to problematic drinking (i.e., impulsigenic traits) had stronger intentions to drink, which in turn predicted higher levels of alcohol consumption. Building on this work, her dissertation (Stevens et al., 2020) involved a psychometric evaluation of a momentary impulsivity scale across two intensive longitudinal samples using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). This work informed the assessment of state-level factors relevant to substance use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Anxiety, Motives, and Intention for Physical Activity during the Italian COVID-19 Lockdown: An Observational Longitudinal Study.

Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led governments to adopt strict containment measures to avoid spreading the virus. These essential measures led to home confinement that influenced both the physical and mental health of populations. Physical activity plays a key role in preventing chronic diseases and promoting protective psychological factors. In the context of a lockdown, understanding the motives that guide people to enact physical activity is an important issue for public health. The present study aimed to evaluate the relation between autonomous motivation and physical activity, considering the role of behavioral intention and anxiety in a longitudinal moderated mediation model. Methods: Italian participants (N = 86; meanage = 29.74, standard deviation = 9.74; female = 53.5%) completed a booklet composed of different questionnaires (motivation, intention, anxiety, and physical activity) 3 weeks apart. Results: The hypothesized model is supported by the evidence; both autonomous motivation and intention are direct predictors of physical activity. The results also show that the direct effect of autonomous motivation on physical activity is stronger in participants with low anxiety, while high levels of anxiety are a significant moderator of the intention–behavior relation. Conclusions: In conclusion, a multidisciplinary approach should be promoting methods and infrastructures to permit people to adhere to physical activity, as a front line against any health emergency.

Predicting required and voluntary employee green behavior using the theory of planned behavior

AbstractEmployee green behavior research has not focused on its holistic examination from the perspective of the environmental theory of planned behavior and bridging of green intention–behavior gap. This study examines the impact of employee green attitude, green subjective norms, and green perceived behavioral control on both required (in‐role) and voluntary (extra‐role) employee green behavior through green behavioral intention. The moderating role of perceived organizational support toward the environment has also been examined in the intention–behavior relationship. Multisource data was collected from 720 employees and their 72 supervisors in three time‐lags and was analyzed through structural equation modeling. Results show that employee green attitude, green subjective norm, and green perceived behavioral control positively influence employees' both required and voluntary green behavior indirectly through their green behavioral intention. Also, perceived organizational support toward the environment strengthens the positive effect of employee green behavioral intention on their required and voluntary green behavior.

Understanding individual and diffusion behaviors related to native plant gardening

While studies have examined factors influencing individual pro-environmental behavior, less research has examined the drivers of “diffusion behaviors” that disseminate new information via social networks. We conducted a survey of single-family households (n = 337) using an expanded Integrated Model of Behavioral Prediction to investigate the social-psychological drivers of individual and diffusion behavioral intentions for native plant gardening. We also examined how intentions related to actual behavior and potential moderators of the intention-behavior relationship. We found that while individual behavior-specific knowledge and attitude predict both individual and diffusion intentions, behavior-specific personal norms and self-efficacy predicted diffusion intention, and behavior-specific personal norm influenced individual intention. Contrary to theory, diffusion intentions were influenced by a combination of behavior-specific and non-specific predictors. These results suggest that to motivate diffusion intention, outreach interventions may need to enhance diffusion-specific personal norm and self-efficacy beliefs, rather than just individual behavioral perceptions. Intentions predicted indicators of actual diffusion behavior, as measured through native plant voucher use by individuals and their friends and family. However, these indicators of behavior were not predicted directly by social-psychological variables. Diffusion-specific self-efficacy and subjective knowledge appear to moderate the relationship between diffusion intentions and successful diffusion behavior.

Can advertising enhance consumers' desirable COVID-19 health behavioral intentions? The role of brand-pandemic fit.

This article explores the fit between the advertised brand and the pandemic as a potential influence on consumers' intentions to engage in socially responsible health behaviors (social distancing, mask wearing, and getting tested when exposed). In an advanced and emerging market setting we find that advertisements for brands that are perceived as high on brand‐pandemic fit enhance consumers' socially desirable COVID‐19 health behavioral intentions and changes in brand credibility is the mechanism that drives such intentions. Fit is especially beneficial on the intentions of consumers whose health beliefs reflect only low to moderate concern about COVID‐19. Consumers with low or moderate (vs. high) COVID‐19 health beliefs exhibit an increased susceptibility to the fit—desirable health behavioral intentions relationship. The results are also corroborated in an emerging market context. Together, the results establish links between brand‐pandemic fit of advertisements, brand credibility, health beliefs, and consumers' intentions to engage in socially desirable health behaviors. The results suggest that advertising can play a role in encouraging desirable health behaviors and can promote consumer welfare via ads of high fit products and services that provide benefits during the pandemic in both advanced and emerging markets.

Assessing behavioral intention toward green hotels during COVID-19 pandemic: the moderating role of environmental concern

PurposeThe study aims to investigate the consumers' behavioral intention toward green hotels. The tendency of individuals to afford green hotels is further escalating with progressing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic recurring waves. The increased worry of consumers toward health, hygiene and the climate is acquiring momentum and transforming how consumers traditionally perceive green hotels.Design/methodology/approachThe study has recommended an integrated framework incorporating various research fields as attitude-behavior-context theory, theory of planned behavior (TPB) and moderating influences to study the associations among the antecedents of consumers' behavioral intention toward green hotels. The study comprised the participation of 536 respondents residing in the Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR) of India. The data analysis strategy involved the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis to test the proposed research framework.FindingsThe results and findings of the study indicated a significant influence of fear and uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic and environmental concern on green trust. The results also revealed the considerable impact of green trust on willingness to pay premium, attitude and subjective norms, which significantly influenced behavioral intention. The analysis also revealed the moderating influence of environmental concern in the relationship of green trust and behavioral intention.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has recommended significant theoretical. The theorists may use this research framework to analyze better the transforming consumer behavior trends toward green hotels in the ongoing fearful and uncertain COVID-19 pandemic scenario.Practical implicationsThe study has recommended significant managerial implications. The industry practitioners may also utilize the framework to sustain the hotel business and bring new strategic insights into practice to combat the impact of the pandemic and simultaneously win consumers' trust in green hotels.Originality/valueAlthough the researchers have previously emphasized consumers' intention toward green practices embraced by hotels, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the green hotel industry gained noticeable attention from researchers. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of literature providing insights on the behavioral dynamism of hotel customers' trust, attitude and willingness to pay for green hotels during the repetitive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study will support the existing literature gap by enlightening the associations among the various antecedents of green hotels' behavioral intention, COVID-19 and environmental concern.

Perceived behavioral control moderating effects in the theory of planned behavior: A meta-analysis.

According to the theory of planned behavior, individuals are more likely to act on their behavioral intentions, and report intentions aligned with their attitudes and subjective norm, when their perceived behavioral control (PBC) is high. We tested these predictions meta-analytically by estimating the moderating effect of PBC on the attitude-intention, subjective norm-intention, and the intention-behavior relations in studies applying the theory in the health behavior domain. We conducted a preregistered secondary analysis of studies (k = 39, total N = 13,121) from two programs of research. Each study measured participants' attitude, subjective norms, PBC, and intentions in relation to health behaviors, and most (k = 36) measured health behavior at follow-up. Data were analyzed using meta-analytic structural equation modeling. Behavior type, scale score coverage, sample age, and publication states were included as moderators of model effects. PBC moderated the intention-behavior relation but not the attitude-intention and subjective norm-intention relations. All moderation effects exhibited significant heterogeneity. Analysis of moderators indicated that the PBC moderation effects on intention varied according to scale score coverage but not by the other moderator variables tested. Results support moderation of the intention-behavior relation by PBC in health behaviors. However, substantial unresolved heterogeneity in the effect across studies remained. Further, these effects may not generalize to other populations and moderator analyses were confined to broad categories. More research that tests these moderation effects in health behavior contexts and reports sufficient data necessary for conducting a meta-analysis is needed to enable moderator analyses with greater fidelity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

On the Effect of Employer Offered Leave of Work on Participation in Continuing Vocational Education and Training – Investigating the Intention-Behavior Relation

The availability of time is a deciding factor for participation of adults in continuing vocational education and training (CVET). In view of the importance of time for participation, the present study investigates the impact of employer offered leave of work on employees’ participation behavior in CVET. Leave of work provides a specific timeframe for CVET by enabling the use of working time as learning time. The rationale of the intention-behavior relation as theorized by the theory of planned behavior provides the theoretical framework for the study. The theory allows the integration of individual and contextual factors (e.g., the work environment) in explaining individual behavior and the underpinning decision-making process. The theory conceptualizes time as an element of behavioral control that is required to act on an intention. Behavioral control is theorized to moderate the intention-behavior relation. Two modes of behavioral control are distinguished. We use employer offered leave of work as a proxy for actual behavioral control and the degree of perceived behavioral control regarding the availability of temporal resources to participate in CVET to investigate the theorized moderating role of behavior control on the intention-behavior relation. To test the hypotheses, two waves of panel data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) are used. Aiming at causal inferences, hybrid logit models are employed. We find that a participation intention is a significant predictor of CVET participation. However, the results provide no evidence regarding the theorized moderating role of actual behavioral control in terms of an employer offered leave of work on the intention-behavior relation. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that the degree of perceived behavioral control regarding the availability of temporal resources to participate in CVET does neither moderate the intention-behavior relation nor is a proxy for actual behavioral control. Finally, we discuss possible future developments of the theory of planned behavior by integrating action-theoretical assumptions from the value-expectancy theory.

From entrepreneurial intention to behaviour: the influence of a cross-cultural factor

Efforts have been oriented to determine the drivers that underlie entrepreneurial intentionality, and several studies have made significant contributions in this direction. However, little is still known about the intensity of the entrepreneurial intention-behaviour relationship, especially across cultures. Extending this body of work, we investigate this link to validate whether it is culturally specific, taking the pace of life as an indicator of national culture. Using global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) data of countries with apparent cultural differences, we examine a multiple indicator - multiple cause model. Results indicate that the entrepreneurial intention - behaviour relationship is more intense (around two times) in countries with a faster pace of life. The findings show that people in slower-paced countries are less determined to take entrepreneurial actions. However, they usually express much higher intentions for new venture creation. It also indicates that the moderating effect of the pace of life provides evidence that the intention-behaviour relationship is context-specific.

A Test of Protection Motivation Theory in the Information Security Literature: A Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling Approach in Search Advertising

Information security is one of the important domains of information systems research today, with protection motivation theory (PMT) one of its most influential theoretical lenses. However, empirical findings based on PMT are often inconsistent and inconclusive. To reconcile these inconsistent findings, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the relationships among PMT constructs while also considering additional contextual constructs that are not specified in PMT. Ninety-two published studies were meta-analyzed and estimated using structural equation modeling. Our results provide support for three of the five predictors of security motivation intention, as postulated by PMT, mixed support for perceived vulnerability, and no support for response cost. We found that coping appraisal variables of response efficacy and self-efficacy have the largest average effects on security behavior. In addition, cultural attributes of collectivism and individualism moderated some of the pairwise correlations, PMT-theoretic relationships were generally stronger in personal contexts than in workplace contexts, and the intention-behavior relationship was strongest in workplace and compliance settings. Our results contribute to the information security literature by providing guidance for future PMT-related research and by demonstrating how meta-analysis and structural equation modeling can be combined to test theories in information systems research.

Users’ behavioral intention and their behavior: before-and-after study of “keep left” markings on shared footpaths

The intention-behavior relationship is examined in a keep-left experiment involving interactions of pedestrians and cyclists on a shared footpath in Singapore as a case study. Data collection entailed before-and-after on-site perception surveys and naturalistic observations from field-recorded video footages. The perception surveys involved 120 pedestrians and 119 cyclists in the before period, and 59 pedestrians and 60 cyclists in the after period. Movement profiles were captured for 303 pedestrians, 148 cyclists, and 90 pedestrian-cyclist interactions for the before period, and 262, 174, and 76, respectively for the after period. The findings suggest that the “keep left” markings on the footpath are generally effective in improving users’ behavioral intention in keeping left. However, whereas cyclists did change their behavior, pedestrians did not do so which is rationalized as being due to their previously formed habit. The findings reveal a weak intention-behavior relationship for pedestrians’ habitual behavior. As consistent with the unchanged pedestrians’ behavior, no distinct changes in the pedestrian-cyclist interaction patterns were observed after the “keep left” treatment. There was no significant change in the perceived conflict level and the safety level as well.

Quantifying the effects of fake news on behavior: Evidence from a study of COVID-19 misinformation.

Previous research has argued that fake news may have grave consequences for health behavior, but surprisingly, no empirical data have been provided to support this assumption. This issue takes on new urgency in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, and the accompanying wave of online misinformation. In this large preregistered study (N = 3,746), we investigated the effect of a single exposure to fabricated news stories about COVID-19 on related behavioral intentions. We observed small but measurable effects on some behavioral intentions but not others-for example, participants who read a story about problems with a forthcoming contact-tracing app reported a 5% reduction in willingness to download the app. These data suggest that one-off fake news exposure may have behavioral consequences, though the effects are not large. We also found no effects of providing a general warning about the dangers of online misinformation on response to the fake stories, regardless of the framing of the warning in positive or negative terms. This suggests that generic warnings about online misinformation, such as those used by governments and social media companies, are unlikely to be effective. We conclude with a call for more empirical research on the real-world consequences of fake news. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The role of environmental cues in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption using a temporal self-regulation theory framework

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is related to adverse health outcomes such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes. The present research further examined the utility of the temporal self-regulation theory in predicting sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. In addition, the research aimed to identify salient cues that trigger intake. Two-hundred and eighty-seven participants were recruited using convenience sampling in US and Australian populations. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used, and the final model accounted for 27.1% of the variance in consumption, providing partial support for the temporal self-regulation theory (ƒ2 = 0.37). Intention accounted for a significant 7.0% of variance (R2 = 0.07, p < .001), behavioural prepotency variables (past behaviour, habit, and cues) together combined for an additional 15.1% of variance (R2 = 0.15, p < .001), but neither measure of self-regulatory capacity (trait self-control, inhibition) was a significant predictor. No cues emerged as unique predictors, however the findings suggest that consumption may be influenced by a combination of cues across different situations. Behavioural prepotency moderated the intention-behaviour relationship such that as behavioural prepotency increased, the greater the influence intention had on behaviour. Further support for the role of both intention and automatic processes in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was garnered, but more research is needed to identify when specific cues influence consumption most.