Behavioral Expectations Research Articles

Dynamic incentives and environmental feedback in public goods games: Promoting cooperation through critical thresholds.

Understanding the emergence and maintenance of cooperation in multiplayer games is a significant challenge across various theoretical disciplines. In this paper, we introduce an innovative model to study the impacts of environmental feedback in systems with critical thresholds. Different from prior studies on public goods games with environmental feedback, we propose that the system holds expectations for collective behavior, and the dynamic incentives are equal for all group members. Our findings reveal that dynamic incentives driven by environmental feedback significantly enhance cooperation, particularly in scenarios with low synergy factors. As incentives increase, the system shifts from the non-cooperative to cooperative state. Moreover, a faster rate of incentive growth leads to a higher level of cooperation, demonstrating a strong positive correlation between dynamic incentive levels and overall cooperation within the system. Counterintuitively, our study finds that introducing dynamic incentives from environmental feedback not only effectively promotes cooperation under high expectation levels but also surprisingly increases the success rate of cooperation as expectations rise.

Utility of Parent and Teacher Behavior Ratings for Self-Regulatory Outcomes of Preschool Children: A Multi-Study Examination.

Despite frequent reliance on teacher and parent ratings of children's behavior for multi-informant assessment, agreement between teachers' and parents' ratings is low. This study examined the predictive utility of teacher and parent ratings for children's self-regulatory outcomes (i.e., executive function, continuous performance task) in four studies. Study 1 included 163 children ranging from 31 to 84 months of age (M = 55.58 months, SD = 8.43). Study 2 included 1,088 children ranging from 48 to 63 months of age (M = 55.15, SD = 3.65). Study 3 included 246 bilingual Spanish-speaking children ranging from 40 to 72 months of age (M = 56.66, SD = 6.06). Study 4 included 280 children ranging from 38 to 75 months of age (M = 55.92, SD = 4.16). Across studies, parents and teachers rated children's externalizing behaviors on the Conners' Rating Scale, the Strength and Weaknesses of ADHD-Symptoms and Normal Behavior Scale, or both; children completed a variety of performance-based self-regulation tasks. The strength of associations of parent and teacher ratings with self-regulatory outcomes was compared, and regression analyses determined the unique and overlapping variance accounted for by different raters. Teachers' ratings had larger associations with self-regulation than did parents' ratings across outcomes and studies-except for two instances in Study 4 where the associations for teachers' and parents' ratings were equal. These findings indicate that teachers supply more useful information than parents, possibly because teachers have better-informed expectations of children's behavior, and they raise questions about the utility of multi-informant assessment, at least with preschool children.

How expectations of reciprocity impact donation and volunteer behavior to Nongame Wildlife Programs: a case study in Minnesota

ABSTRACT Our research examines motivations behind support for wildlife conservation efforts, primarily through volunteering and donations. Using the Minnesota Nongame Wildlife Program as a case study, we focus on nature-based support motivations. Using novel applications of two theoretical frameworks, we surveyed 763 respondents and found significant links between motivations and volunteer and donor behaviors. Biodiversity and ecological reciprocity were key drivers of donor behavior, while perks and natural place-based motivations strongly influenced volunteering. These findings suggest broad interests in wildlife conservation beyond organized events, extending to local communities and private lands. Our results underscore the importance of aligning volunteer experiences with preferred motivations to sustain engagement. Integrating community science programs, which activate volunteer motivations, could enhance engagement and support for wildlife conservation efforts. By focusing on supporters’ conservation impact and broadening engagement strategies for donors and volunteers, conservation organizations can adapt to changing landscapes and foster long-term support for wildlife conservation.

Contribution of Internal Rules and Regulations Approaches to the Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Gasabo District, Rwanda

This study explores the contribution of internal rules and regulations to academic performance in secondary schools within Gasabo District, Rwanda. Internal rules, including policies on attendance, discipline, behavior, and student assessment, are essential in creating a structured and conducive learning environment. By ensuring consistency and reducing classroom distractions, these regulations directly impact students’ focus and engagement, leading to improved academic outcomes. Additionally, attendance policies and behavioral expectations contribute to enhanced student accountability and academic discipline, resulting in higher achievement levels. Discipline is an important component of human behavior, and one could assert that without it, an organization cannot function well toward the achievement of its goals. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of school rules and regulations on students’ perception toward promoting good behavior. The data were obtained from 278 respondents through a mailed questionnaire instrument. The data were tabulated, and Pearson’s chi-square test was applied for inferential analysis. Around 33.1% of the students had a negative perception of school rules and regulations about promoting good behavior, whereas 66.9% of them had a positive perception. A p-value of 0.015 (Discipline is an important component of human behavior, and one could assert that without it, an organization cannot function well toward the achievement of its goals. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of school rules and regulations on students’ perception toward promoting good behavior. The data were obtained from 438 respondents through a mailed questionnaire instrument. The data were tabulated, and Pearson’s chi-square test was applied for inferential analysis. Around 33.1% of the students had a negative perception of school rules and regulations about promoting good behavior, whereas 66.9% of them had a positive perception. A p-value of 0.015 (In a proper learning situation, a disciplined student is the one expected to do the right things at the right time. Students’ attitudes on school rules and regulations and perception toward promoting good behavior were statistically associated at a p-value of 0.012. Parents’ educational levels had a significant effect on students’ perception toward promoting good behavior. Generally, students’ awareness on school rules and regulations, parents’ education levels, civics and ethical education scores, and students’ attitudes toward promoting good behavior were found as significant effects on perception toward promoting good behavior.

The Rise and Toll of the Blame Culture

This article examines the damaging rise of "blame cultures" in many organizations, where fear of failure, lack of psychological safety, and individual-focused reward systems incentivize employees to deflect responsibility rather than collaborate and learn from mistakes. The article outlines the significant costs of blame cultures, including stifled innovation, eroded trust, increased employee stress, and overall stagnation. To counter this, the article proposes research-backed strategies for leaders to cultivate a "just culture" of transparency, accountability, and continual improvement. Key tactics include leading by example, clarifying behavioral expectations, focusing investigations on systemic factors rather than individuals, and recognizing those who admit errors. Case studies from high-reliability industries like aviation and healthcare demonstrate how implementing just culture principles can transform organizational cultures and deliver lasting benefits. Ultimately, the article argues that moving beyond blame is essential for companies seeking sustainable excellence in today's competitive business landscape.

Testing an HPV Vaccine Decision Aid for 27- to 45-Year-Old Adults in the United States: A Randomized Trial.

In the United States, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among 27- to 45-y-olds (mid-adults) is recommended based on shared clinical decision making with a health care provider. We developed a patient decision aid tool to support the implementation of this mid-adult HPV vaccination guideline. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a patient decision aid tool for HPV vaccination, HPV DECIDE, compared with an information fact sheet among mid-adults who have not received the HPV vaccine. Participants were recruited between December 2023 and January 2024. We used a randomized Solomon, 4-group, pretest/posttest design with mid-adults aged 27 to 45 y who were unvaccinated for HPV and balanced based on sex (n = 612). The primary outcome was decisional conflict. Intermediate outcomes included knowledge, behavioral expectancies, self-efficacy, and perceived risk. Variables were measured using validated scales. Pretest sensitization was not present; intervention and control groups were compared. Fixed-effects inverse-variance weighting was used to pool effect estimates and determine meta-analytic statistical significance across tests with and without pretest controls. Participants in the intervention group had significantly lower total decisional conflict scores (B = -3.58, P = 0.007) compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, participants in the intervention group showed higher knowledge (B = 0.48, P = 0.020), greater intention to receive (B = 0.196, P = 0.049) and discuss the HPV vaccine (B = 0.324, P ≤ 0.001), and greater self-efficacy about HPV vaccine decision making (B = 3.28, P = 0.043). There were no statistically significant results for perceived risks of HPV infection. The HPV DECIDE tool for mid-adult HPV vaccination shows promise for immediate reductions in decisional conflict and improvement in knowledge, intentions, and self-efficacy about the HPV vaccine. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of this patient decision aid tool in real-world settings. Shared clinical decision making is recommended for HPV vaccination with mid-adults.A patient decision aid for HPV vaccination reduced decisional conflict for mid-adults.The HPV vaccine patient decision aid was acceptable to mid-adults.

Health promotion model in the utilization of health services for Indonesian social security agency for health participants.

Health promotion models are essential for enhancing community health and facilitating access to quality health services. Understanding the effects of these models on the utilization of health services among participants of the Indonesian Social Security Agency for Health (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan/BPJS) provides valuable insights for developing effective health promotion strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of health promotion on the utilization of health services among BPJS health participants, focusing on the mediating roles of perception, self-efficacy, expected results, and social support, using structural equation modeling (SEM). A descriptive, quantitative research design was employed, involving 160 BPJS health participants at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto, Indonesia. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, with participants selected through purposive sampling. SEM analysis, performed using AMOS software, was utilized to examine the relationships among health promotion, perception, self-efficacy, social support, expected outcomes, and health service utilization behavior. The SEM analysis revealed that health promotion significantly influenced health service utilization behavior directly (critical ratio (CR)=2.741; p=0.011). Furthermore, health promotion had a significant effect on perception through self-efficacy (CR=2.500; p=0.012). Perception also significantly influenced behavior through self-efficacy (CR=3.789, p<0.001), while its indirect effect on behavior through outcome expectations was not significant (CR=0.908; p=0.958). Social support directly affected behavior (CR=2.267; p=0.023) and exerted both direct and indirect effects on behavior through self-efficacy (CR=3.789; p<0.001) and outcome expectations via self-efficacy (CR=6.267; p<0.001). However, self-efficacy did not significantly influence the behavior of utilizing BPJS health services through outcome expectations (CR=0.237; p=0.185). The findings indicate that health promotion significantly enhances the utilization of health services among BPJS health participants by improving perceptions and self-efficacy. Social support emerges as a critical factor in influencing health service utilization behavior and shaping outcome expectations through perception. In conclusion, future health promotion strategies should prioritize strengthening perceptions, enhancing self-efficacy, and leveraging social support to improve health service outcomes effectively.

Aesthetic protective coverage on molars with MIH: Case report

Introduction: The management of molars affected with severe molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in young children has been one of the greatest challenges for the pediatric dentist. Determining the severity of the defect, behavior, patient acceptance, and parental expectations are determining factors in defining treatment strategies. Case Report: The objective of this case report is to demonstrate an aesthetic alternative for preventing fractures of severely affected MIH teeth, using a temporary protective covering. This coverage was carried out using composite resin and a semi-direct technique. The patient’s 9-month follow-up showed favorable adaptation and occlusion and satisfaction from the patient and parents, who placed aesthetics as the main factor for treatment decision. Conclusion: In this patient, the aesthetic factor was decisive for MIH treatment decision. It was performed an aesthetic protective coverage (APC) using an indirect composite technique.

Designing Social Media Messages to Promote Action by Suicide Gatekeepers

Objective Suicide prevention professionals and programs have focused on reaching not only individuals with suicide ideation, but also family, friends, and other acquaintances, referred to as suicide gatekeepers. Social media provide platforms that allow health communicators to reach a large population. This research focuses on examining and testing the most effective message framing (how the message provides a reward or consequence for the receiver) and message construct (precise focus and wording of a message) for social media posts intended to positively influence suicide gatekeeper intervention behavior on behalf of a friend or peer. Method An experiment tested the influence of message construct (between subjects) and message frame (within subjects). The experiment randomized the 1285 participants between the ages of 18 and 34 into the three message construct conditions (significance, preventability, and beneficence). Results The results suggest gain-framed messages have a more positive influence than loss-framed messages on all social media message outcome variables (likelihood of social media message engagement, perceived message effectiveness, self-efficacy, response efficacy, empathy, and behavioral expectation), and state empathy mediates the relationship between message frame and these variables. Message construct condition and other mediation results were less substantial, although some evidence suggests that the significance message construct may increase social media message sharing and perceived message effectiveness. Conclusion Results show strong evidence of the effectiveness of using gain frames in social media messages aimed at suicide gatekeepers. Other considerations include highlighting the significance of suicide and utilizing empathy appeals to strengthen social media message engagement and behavioral intention.

Children's expectations of nationality-based behaviors differ for immigrants and nonimmigrants.

Children in the United States (N = 488, 4-11 years, 239 females, 248 males, one other, 53% White; data collected 2021-2022) participated in three studies investigating their expectations about immigrants. Participants recognized that immigration impacts characters' national identity and behaviors. Although previous research reported that children may essentialize nationality, participants instead reasoned flexibly about immigrant characters. Children expected immigrant characters to share behaviors and preferences with people from both their heritage and host countries, suggesting they may think immigrants hold dual national identities. Even the youngest children tested (ages 4-6) reasoned flexibly about behaviors based on immigration status. Thus, children appear to view national identity as constructed through social and cultural experiences, rather than something innate.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Spray Scrubber Dust Collection Efficiency

Spray scrubbers are widely used in gas purification applications and allow fulfillment of the demands of air quality norms introduced all over the world. They effectively remove harmful gases like sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter from industrial emissions, reducing their impact on air quality. Moreover, by capturing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) in certain applications, spray scrubbers contribute to efforts to reduce climate change. Optimization of scrubber internal elements leads to reduced energy usage and lowered water mass flow while maintaining high pollutant removal efficiency. This makes them cost-effective in the long term. The demister is an additional device which is often used in scrubbing systems, and its main task is to prevent the water droplets from escaping through the upper part of the scrubbing chamber. In this article, the pollution (MgO particles) is introduced to the system upstream the scrubber inlet, the working fluid is air under atmospheric pressure, and water droplets are generated by a single nozzle placed inside the scrubber. Before the experimental part, a preliminary numerical analysis of gas velocity inside scrubber is performed and expectations of particle behavior are indicated. Then, the authors present the spray scrubber laboratory stand designed by them and carry out experimental research on it. Each element of the test stand is described in the article including the self-designed fluidizer, which effectively mixes MgO powder with air. The authors investigate the effect of their innovative construction of demister on separation efficiency and compare the results to the case without demister. The impact of water mass flow rate generated by the nozzle and gas inlet velocity on separation efficiency is presented for several investigated cases. The results show that demisters significantly improve the separation efficiency at lower water mass flow rates and successfully prevent water droplets from reaching the scrubber outlet. The measured separation efficiency was in the range of 80% for lower water mass flow rates up to 97% for the highest water flows.

Exploring spatial and temporal importance of input features and the explainability of machine learning-based modelling of water distribution systems

Ensuring safe drinking water necessitates advanced management and monitoring techniques for water quality in distribution systems. This study leverages machine learning (ML) to model chlorine decay in a water distribution system (WDS) in British Columbia, Canada. A four-layer long short term memory (LSTM) network was trained to predict chlorine concentrations at a reservoir >24,000 m from the treatment plant. Explainable AI (XAI) techniques were applied to the trained network to address critical issues, such as enhancing the transparency and reliability of ML models. Several XAI methods were used to investigate the importance of sensor placement, identify the most significant features, understand feature ranges that result in poor performance, and validate model logic. Results demonstrated that for ML-based WDS control, sensor location is not critical, with high prediction accuracy achieved (mean absolute error <0.025 mg/L) even when exclusively using data from nodes spatially distant from the prediction site. XAI techniques showed the capability of identifying essential features and demonstrated that the behaviour of the ML model conformed with the expectations of chlorine behaviour. Superfluous variables were ranked low in importance, and the model learned fundamental aspects of chemical kinetics, such as temperature dependence and decay rate. Most importantly, the XAI methods applied showed the capability to communicate the reasoning for specific predictions, even at a local or sample-specific level. This study underscores the importance of transparency and trust in ML models, especially as the field transitions towards digital twin and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, to enhance the effective management of water quality systems.

"You should smile more": Population-level sex differences in smiling also exist in autistic people.

Societal expectations for social-emotional behavior differ across sexes; however, diagnostic definitions of autism do not account for this when delineating "typical" versus "atypical." This study examines sex differences in autism in one behavior associated with strong gender biases: smiling. Computer vision was used to quantify smiling in 60 autistic (20 female) and 67 neurotypical (25 female) youth during conversations. Effects of sex and diagnosis were examined on degree of smiling, smile prototypicality, changes in smiling, and impact of smiling on interaction quality. Sex differences in smiling persisted across diagnosis groups: females smiled more than males, and their smiles were more prototypical. Autistic youth smiled less, and less prototypically, than neurotypical youth, with no sex by diagnosis interactions. In autism, the association between smile activity and interaction quality approached statistical significance, seemingly driven by autistic males but not females. Findings are consistent with population trends for females to smile more during social exchanges and "display rules" requiring more positive expressivity from females. Autism has historically been defined based on differences between autistic and neurotypical males. Failure to acknowledge sex-based differences in social-emotional behavior may leave some females appearing to have fewer autistic traits, increasing their risk of being under-identified and misunderstood.

Prevent and report: a qualitative inquiry of student and faculty recommendations for preventing and reporting learner mistreatment

ABSTRACT Many medical schools in the United States (US) have employed policies and programming to prevent mistreatment and encourage students to report mistreatment events. Yet, there is little evidence showing a large-scale decrease in mistreatment behaviors overall, and, in many cases, mistreatment events go unreported. This study examines views from medical students and faculty for preventing mistreatment during medical training, as well as strategies for encouraging learners to report mistreatment events when they occur. We conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with students and faculty (n = 25) and compared and contrasted perspectives. To prevent mistreatment, both students and faculty recommended institutional-level guidance and behavioral expectations during training, while faculty suggested educational programming focused on clarifying mistreatment definitions and cultivating awareness. To encourage reporting of mistreatment events, students and faculty emphasized: access to an array of reporting mechanisms, institutional processes for maintaining anonymity or confidentiality, and follow-up procedures to address reported mistreatment. Our results suggest that students’ and faculty’s role in medical education may shape their perceptions of strategies to prevent mistreatment. These results can inform the development and customization of interventions for preventing mistreatment and encouraging mistreatment reporting.

Putting the Ghost in the Machine: Emulating Cognitive Style in Large Language Models

Abstract Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as pivotal technology in the evolving world. Their significance in design lies in their transformative potential to support engineers and collaborate with design teams throughout the design process. However, it is not known whether LLMs can emulate the cognitive and social attributes which are known to be important during design, such as cognitive style. This research evaluates the efficacy of LLMs to emulate aspects of Kirton’s Adaption–Innovation theory, which characterizes individual preferences in problem-solving. Specifically, we use LLMs to generate solutions for three design problems using two different cognitive style prompts (adaptively framed and innovatively framed). Solutions are evaluated with respect to feasibility and paradigm relatedness, which are known to have discriminative value in other studies of cognitive style. We found that solutions generated using the adaptive prompt tend to display higher feasibility and are paradigm-preserving, while solutions generated using the innovative prompts were more paradigm-modifying. This aligns with prior work and expectations for design behavior based on Kirton's Adaption–Innovation theory. Ultimately, these results demonstrate that LLMs can be prompted to accurately emulate cognitive style.

Sharing a Team’s Vision: Discretionary Behavioral Expectations, Trust, and Team Autonomy, oh my!

Despite knowing that a shared vision can result in a number of positive outcomes for groups and teams, we have a very limited understanding of what potentially contributes to group and team members sharing the same vision. This study seeks to contribute to our very limited understanding of what potentially contributes to team members sharing their team’s vision by focusing on team members’ expectations of their teammates engaging in discretionary behaviors directed toward the organization, the degree to which team members trust their teammates, and the degree to which team managers provide their teams autonomy. Using 197 team members across 46 teams/team managers and 13 organizations, I find that team members’ expectations of their teammates engaging in citizenship behaviors directed toward the organization is positively associated with team members sharing their team’s vision, but I find no association for team members’ expectations of their teammates engaging in deviant behaviors directed toward the organization and sharing their team’s vision. However, I find that trust weakens and team autonomy strengthens the negative relationship between team members’ expectations of their teammates’ deviant behaviors directed toward the organization and sharing their team’s vision. I find no conditional effects of trust and team autonomy on the relationship between OCBO expectations and shared vision. These results suggest that both properties of individual team members as well as the team may play an important role in sharing a team’s vision.

The Effect of INSIGHTS on Developmental Trajectories of Children’s Self- Regulation

AbstractThe development of self-regulation is critical for children’s positive interactions with others and successful adjustment to school. Using their self-regulation skills, children can adapt their temperamental, emotional, and behavioral reactions to environmental stimuli. Greater self-regulation is advantageous in the classroom, as more regulated children have an easier time with basic behavioral expectations, and are more likely to persist with difficult tasks, work efficiently, and pay attention to instructions. INSIGHTS into Children’s Temperament (INSIGHTS) is a temperament-based intervention that improves kindergarten and first-grade children’s social-emotional development and academic learning. In the current study, we examined the effects of INSIGHTS on rural Midwestern children’s self-regulation development (i.e., attention, inhibitory control), compared to control classrooms. In addition, we explored the effects of children’s baseline self-regulation and the effects of the intervention on children’s developmental trajectories. Students (N = 147) from 61 classrooms were randomly assigned to INSIGHTS or control conditions by school. Children’s self-regulation skills whereas examined at four different times. Multiple regression models were fit, and results suggest that INSIGHTS participants exhibited greater self-regulation at Time 4 as compared to the control group. Additionally, latent growth curve models were used to model linear growth. Results suggest that INSIGHTS participants experienced increased growth rates for attention, inhibitory control, and sustained attention compared to the control group. Our study provides evidence for the positive effects of a social-emotional classroom intervention on the developmental trajectory of children’s self-regulation.

Chapter 10: Behaviour management in classrooms

Chapter 10, titled "Behaviour Management in Classrooms," begins by introducing behaviour management as a teaching strategy. The chapter then discusses behaviour management in higher classrooms, including proactive and corrective interventions. The proactive interventions discussed include setting goals, planning classroom space, and preparing social space. The corrective interventions include refocus notes, target–stop–do, distract the distractor, chat time with students, restitution, and chill-out time. The chapter then presents the advantages and disadvantages of behaviour management in classrooms. It highlights key considerations for effective behaviour management, including technology integration, addressing the needs of diverse student populations with cultural competency and inclusivity, and being aware of evolving societal norms. The chapter further discusses techniques for effective behaviour management, such as positive behaviour reinforcement, restorative practices, differentiated instruction, social-emotional learning, collaborative problem-solving, clear communication and expectations, individualised behaviour plans, and behaviour reflection and support. Finally, the chapter presents selected case studies of behaviour management among students. It concludes that by prioritising effective behaviour management, teachers can create an environment that fosters growth, cultivates important social-emotional skills, and enables students to reach their full potential.

How altruistic alternatives reverse the compromise effect

AbstractBrand managers increasingly add altruistic product attributes, such as fair trade or charitable donations, to their products to account for consumers’ increasing expectations of altruistic brand behavior. Despite the extensive amount of altruistic product attributes in today’s markets, it is unclear how these attributes affect consumer decision-making in different contexts. This paper particularly examines the influence of altruistic product attributes on the compromise effect. Through five experimental studies, we provide pioneering evidence that consumers face general difficulty in accepting trade-offs involving altruistic attributes and that altruistic attributes change the compromise effect substantially. While the well-established compromise effect, predicting a preference for middle options (compromises) over extreme options, holds for trade-offs between utilitarian attributes, it diminishes for altruistic trade-offs. Moreover, the trade-offs between utilitarian and altruistic attributes reverse the compromise effect, i.e., leading to a preference for extreme options. We also demonstrate that impression management moderates this effect.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Virtual Reality: A Synergistic Approach to Building Sustainable Brand Image

This study explores the intersection of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Virtual Reality (VR) as a novel approach to fostering sustainable brand image. Utilizing a qualitative research method through literature review and library research, the paper analyzes existing frameworks and theories on CSR and their potential enhancement through immersive VR experiences. The findings indicate that CSR initiatives, when integrated with VR, offer companies a unique opportunity to engage consumers more deeply by creating interactive and impactful experiences that highlight their commitment to sustainability. VR can simulate real-world scenarios of a company’s social and environmental efforts, making these initiatives more tangible and relatable to consumers. This immersive engagement not only enhances consumer understanding of CSR efforts but also builds stronger emotional connections, which are essential for long-term brand loyalty. Additionally, the synergy between CSR and VR contributes to a more transparent and authentic brand image, as VR allows for a more compelling demonstration of CSR activities. The study concludes that this innovative approach of combining CSR with VR can significantly improve brand perception, foster consumer trust, and establish a sustainable brand image that aligns with modern consumer expectations of corporate responsibility and ethical behavior. Further research is suggested to explore the long-term effects of this integration on consumer behavior and brand equity