Behavioral Coping Strategies Research Articles

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОПІНГ-ПОВЕДІНКИ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ ДЕСАНТНО-ШТУРМОВИХ ВІЙСЬК У ПРОЦЕСІ АДАПТАЦІЇ ДО УМОВ СЛУЖБОВО-БОЙОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

Публікація присвячена теоретичному дослідженню психологічних особливостей копінг-поведінки військовослужбовців Десантно-штурмових військ в процесі адаптації до військової служби. В статті проаналізовано поняття “копінг” з різних підходів та напрямків. Вміле застосування адаптивних стратегій копінг-поведінки військовослужбовців в залежності від ситуацій службово-бойової діяльності, дозволить полегшити процес адаптації до умов військової служби у Десантно-штурмових військ Збройних Сил України.

Strategies for Coping With Stress in Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Predictors.

The aim of the study was to compare the strategies of coping with stress during the COVID-19 epidemic in athletes involved in Olympic preparations (57 potential Olympians) and students of physical education (54 extramural students), and to determine their depending on the variable gender. The research was conducted in the form of an on-line survey in the period of April 7–28 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four standard psychological questionnaires were used. Elite athletes and physical education students practicing sports most often dealt with the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic using cognitive and behavioral coping strategies. The sports level depended on the strategies of coping with the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic more strongly than gender. The relationship between the sense of coherence (mainly comprehensibility) and the hope for success treated as a generalized immune resource with coping strategies in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic postulated by Antonovsky was confirmed.

Subjectivity and life authorship in middle-aged women: trial by separation

The problematic field related to middle-aged women’s life construction features characterised by different styles of psychological separation from the mother’s figure, is outlined in the study. The authors proceeded from the following assumptions. 1) There are differences in indicators of psychological well-being in middle-aged women with high and low levels of separation from the mother. 2) The connection between mothers' and daughters' life strategies during adulthood, as manifested by conjugate measures of cognitive-behavioural coping strategies, sense-behavioural orientations and time perspective perception, is type-specific and it depends on the degree of separation. 3) Psychological separation from the mother determines the authors' construction of the adult daughter's life. 170 women from Kostroma and Kostroma Region took part in the study, of whom 85 were adult daughters (M = 33 ± 5.3); and 85, their mothers (M = 58 ± 6.7). The main methods included the "Unfinished Sentences" (Yelena Soldatova, 2007); Dmitriy Leont'yev’s "Life-Meaning Orientation Test" (Dmitriy Leont'yev, 1988); Cognitive Behavioural Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Inessa Sizova, Svetlana Filipchenkova, 2002); Own Life Path Methodology (Igor' Solomin, 2007); the survey Psychological Separation Inventory by Jeffrey A. Hoffman (Tat'yana Sadovnikova, Veronika Dzukayeva, 2014). The study is a combination of nomothetic and idiographic approaches. Conclusions – if the daughter is not psychologically separated from her mother in adulthood, then close conjugation of the mother’s and the daughter’s cognitive-behavioural coping strategies, goal orientations, and life planning features is traceable, which in turn negatively affects the functioning and life functioning of the daughter. Separation from the mother during middle adulthood is crucial for the realisation of a woman's subjective position in constructing and making sense of her own life, for the choice of cognitive-behavioural strategies in difficult situations, for taking personal responsibility.

Social Responses and Narrative Experiences of the Filipino Middle Class to the COVID-19 Crisis

The incessant spreading of COVID-19 disease has recently been the major concern to the Filipino since January 2020. The crisis becomes uncontrollable and impacts on all walks of life in terms of their routine living, working conditions, mental health, and social interaction. As observed in the past few months, the Philippine government has attempted to deal with the transmission of infection and economic predicament. However, there has been tremendous criticism towards the government’s methods of solving the problems, and one of the controversial discussions is the inequity of offering assistance packages to socio-economic groups. This article seeks to grasp the perceptions of the Filipino middle class who are mainly excluded by the aid of the government from the COVID-19 crisis since they are misrepresented as capable of self-help and self-responsibility in the neoliberal economy. The results evidently show their responses and narratives to the crisis through dealing with behavioural and social adaptation and psychological coping strategies. In times of the pandemic with low awareness of the government, most middle-class people are still precarious because of the entire dependency on the financial system and employment security to maintain subsistence in the present and future.

Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Behavior of Families in Italy: A Focus on Children and Adolescents.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed individuals' lifestyles to a great extent, particularly in Italy. Although many concerns about it have been highlighted, its impact on children and adolescents has scarcely been examined. The purpose of this study was to explore behavioral consequences and coping strategies related to the pandemic among families in Italy, by focusing on developmental ages from the caregivers' perspective, 3 weeks into quarantine. An exploratory cross-sectional online survey was conducted over 14 days. Google Forms was employed to conduct the survey. Demographic variables and pre-existing Psychological Weaknesses (PsW) were asked. Adults' sleep difficulties (SleepScore) and coping strategies during quarantine were assessed. Behavioral changes related to quarantine of both subjects completing the form (COVIDStress) and their children (when present) were questioned. Of the 6,871 respondents, we selected 6,800 valid questionnaires; 3,245 declared children aged under 18 years of age (caregivers). PsWs were recognizable in 64.9% among non-caregivers and in 61.5% of caregivers, with a mean PsW score of 1.42 ± 1.26 and 1.30 ± 1.25 over 3 points, respectively. The 95.5% of the non-caregivers and the 96.5% of caregivers presented behavioral changes with a mean COVIDStress of 3.85 ± 1.82 and 4.09 ± 1.79 over 8, respectively (p<0.001). Sleep difficulties were present in the 61.6% of the non-caregivers and in the 64.4% of the caregivers (p < 0.001), who showed higher SleepScores (2.41 ± 1.26 against 2.57 ± 1.38 points over 6, p < 0.001). COVIDStress (and SleepScore) strongly correlated with PsW (p < 0.001). Caregivers observed behavioral changes in their children in the 64.3% of the <6 years old and in 72.5% of 6–18 years old. Caregivers' discomfort related to quarantine (COVIDStress, SleepScore) was strongly associated to behavioral changes in both age groups of <6 and 6–18 (p < 0.001). Presence of caregivers' coping strategies was less associated to behavioral changes in the <6 sample (p = 0.001) but not in the 6–18 (p = 0.06). The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted families in Italy with regard to behavioral changes, especially in high-risk categories with PsWs and caregivers, especially the ones with children aged <6 years. While coping strategies functioned as protective factors, a wide array of stress symptoms had implications for children's and adolescents' behaviors. It is recommended that public children welfare strategies be implemented, especially for higher-psychosocial-risk categories.

Why are some drought-affected farmers less distressed than others? The association between stress, psychological distress, acceptance, behavioural disengagement and neuroticism.

To identify the modifiable psychological and behavioural coping strategies associated with low levels of psychological distress, independent of more stable personality and demographic factors, in a sample of farmers who reported being exposed to a recent stressful event during an extended drought. Three hundred and nine South Australian, drought-affected grain, sheep and/or cattle farmers completed printed or online questionnaires. Only those who reported experiencing a stressful event in the past month that they rated ≥7 on a scale ranging from 1 (not stressful at all) to 10 (extremely stressful) were included in the analyses (n=175, 65.06%). Participants ranged in age from 24 to 85years and 40% were female. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and coping strategies were measured using a situational version of the COPE inventory. Five personality factors (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness) were assessed using the Quickscales-R. In the final multivariable model, distress was elevated among individuals reporting higher neuroticism and behavioural disengagement, and lower in individuals reporting greater use of acceptance. These 3 variables explained 44% of the variance in distress. Farmers recently exposed to a significant stressor, who used acceptance as a coping strategy, did not engage in behavioural disengagement and scored low on neuroticism, were least likely to experience distress. Given the stability of personality factors, interventions that foster farmers' use of acceptance and prevent behavioural disengagement as coping strategies might assist them with the management of future stressors, particularly in times of drought.

Shifting setting densities and normative evaluations of recreation experiences over time

In the U.S., population growth and domestic migration is placing increasing pressure on natural landscapes and their provision of ecosystem services. In this investigation, we document residents’ perceptions of shifting use patterns of an aquatic nature-based resource situated in a rapidly growing urban area over an eight-year period from 2008 to 2016. Specifically, we examined the drivers of residents’ perceptions of setting density and the cognitive and behavioral coping strategies they employed to maintain psychological homeostasis. While we saw no statistical mean difference in our measure of crowding from 2008 to 2016, crowding’s normative antecedents (preference for and expectation of encounters) and affective outcome (enjoyment) all varied over time. In 2016, respondents’ preferences and expectations for encounters with others were both more than preferred or expected compared to 2008. Nevertheless, 2016 respondents reported a significantly more enjoyable experience compared to those sampled in 2008. Path modeling revealed that the negative effect of expectation and preference on respondents’ perceptions of crowding and enjoyment was significantly stronger in 2008 resulting in diminished enjoyment when compared to 2016. Findings illustrate that despite substantive change in social and environmental conditions over time, residents have maintained their enjoyment by modifying their normative expectations and preferences. This is despite changes in encounter norm expectations and preference. As urban proximate communities continue to grow in the U.S., tradeoffs will occur in the quality of nature-based recreation opportunities. Managing this transition requires an understanding of the psychological mechanisms people use to navigate change.

Long-term inflammatory pain does not impact exploratory behavior and stress coping strategies in mice.

Pain puts patients at risk for developing psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. Preclinical mouse models of pain-induced affective behavior vary widely in methodology and results, impairing progress towards improved therapeutics. To systematically investigate the effect of long-term inflammatory pain on exploratory behavior and stress coping strategy, we assessed male C57BL/6J mice in the forced swim test (FST), elevated zero maze, and open field test at 4 and 6 weeks postinjection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant, while controlling for testing order and combination. Inflammatory pain did not induce a passive stress coping strategy in the FST and did not reduce exploratory behavior in the elevated zero maze or the open field test. Using systematic correlational analysis and composite behavioral scores, we found no consistent association among measures for mice with or without inflammatory pain. A meta-analysis of similar studies indicated a modest, significant effect of Complete Freund's Adjuvant on exploratory behavior, but not immobility in the FST, and high heterogeneity among effect sizes in all 3 paradigms. Given the urgency for understanding the mechanisms of pain comorbidities and identifying novel therapies, these findings support the reallocation of our limited resources away from such unreliable assays and toward motivated and naturalistic behaviors. Future studies in pain and psychiatric translational research may benefit by considering outcomes beyond binary categorization, quantifying the associations between multiple measured behaviors, and agnostically identifying subtle yet meaningful patterns in behaviors.

Climate change and water insecurity in rural uMkhanyakude District Municipality: an assessment of coping strategies for rural South Africa

Abstract The vulnerability of Africa to climate change extremes and eventual impacts is extremely high due to the weak coping strategies prevalent in the continent. The peculiarity of South Africa to these vulnerabilities, especially for water security, is an issue of socioeconomic and policy issue. Based on the premises of human security, the study assesses the coping strategies of rural communities in South Africa, focusing on uMkhanyakude District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal province, given the effects of climate change-induced water scarcity on the area. The study employed a multilayered descriptive mixed method triangulation approach. It focused specifically on the connection between water and climate change and the adopted everyday vertical and horizontal coping strategies. The findings revealed a strong correlation between the behavioral and traditional coping strategies in the study area, water depletion/scarcity, and climate change. It also showed that government institutions are reactionary in their response to climate change-induced impacts. The study, therefore, recommends a pre-resilience mechanism that makes institutions and individuals proactive rather than adopting a reactionary post-resilience strategy in response to the effects of climate change-induced water security.

Нова соціальна та освітня реальність в умовах ізоляції

The changes that occur at the psychological level have affected the ability to perceive reality and control emotional stress. Increased anxiety is associated with a feeling of loss of control and the inability to distance oneself from automatic negative thoughts that arise as a result of psychological infection. The purpose of the study is to highlight the features of the psycho-emotional state of students in conditions of quarantine restrictions and distance learning. A questionnaire was chosen as a methodological study, the purpose of which is to study the psychological state of students and determine their attitude to the need for quarantine and, therefore, distance learning. Studies show that the negative effects of stress are deeper on children under 10 years of age. Children of different ages react differently to stressful events. The development of recommendations for children of different ages in order to overcome the consequences of social isolation involves creating opportunities for children of different ages to acquire the necessary psychological knowledge, skills and abilities, which will reduce the effects of quarantine. The creation of a new social reality, due to inevitable changes in the minds of citizens of Ukraine and each individual state, is a systemic process that requires reconstruction of the focus of perception, increasing the vitality and awareness of each person. However, in our opinion, it is necessary to influence children first, because they are more receptive and only form worldviews and values. Eventually, their influence will be decisive in changing the attitude of older generations to the consequences of quarantine, which will establish an internal readiness for negative external factors and the formation of adaptive coping strategies of behavior in conditions of social uncertainty and existential crisis.

The Black Lives Matter Movement: A Call to Action for Couple and Family Therapists.

The frequent police killings during the COVID-19 pandemic forced a reckoning among Americans from all backgrounds and propelled the Black Lives Matter movement into a global force. This manuscript addresses major issues to aid practitioners in the effective treatment of African Americans via the lens of Critical Race Theory and the Bioecological Model. We place the impacts of racism on Black families in historical context and outline the sources of Black family resilience. We critique structural racism embedded in all aspects of psychology and allied fields. We provide an overview of racial socialization and related issues affecting the parenting decisions in Black families, as well as a detailed overview of impacts of structural racism on couple dynamics. Recommendations are made for engaging racial issues in therapy, providing emotional support and validation to couples and families experiencing discrimination and racial trauma, and using Black cultural strengths as therapeutic resources.

Changes in Identification of Possible Pain Coping Strategies by People with Osteoarthritis who Complete Web-based Pain Coping Skills Training.

We previously demonstrated that automated, Web-based pain coping skills training (PCST) can reduce osteoarthritis pain. The present secondary analyses examined whether this program also changed coping strategies participants identified for use in hypothetical pain-related situations. People with hip/knee osteoarthritis (n=107) were randomized to Web-based PCST or standard care control. At baseline and post-intervention, they reported their pain severity and impairment, then completed a task in which they described how they would cope with pain in four hypothetical pain-related situations, also reporting their perceived risk for pain and self-efficacy for managing it. We coded the generated coping strategies into counts of adaptive behavioral, maladaptive behavioral, adaptive cognitive, and discrete adaptive coping strategies (coping repertoire). Compared to the control arm, Web-based PCST decreased the number of maladaptive behavioral strategies generated (p=0.002) while increasing the number of adaptive behavioral strategies generated (p=0.006), likelihood of generating at least one adaptive cognitive strategy (p=0.01), and the size of participants' coping repertoire (p=0.009). Several of these changes were associated with changes in pain outcomes (ps=0.01 to 0.65). Web-based PCST also reduced perceived risk for pain in the situations (p=0.03) and increased self-efficacy for avoiding pain in similar situations (p<0.001). Salutary changes found in this study appear to reflect intervention-concordant learning.

“Remain calm, negotiate or defer but by all means, call me”: Father-son communication to keep sons safe from violence involvement and victimization

The role of fathers in the lives of young men has been explored extensively in the literature (Perry, 2017; Alleyne-Green, Grinnell-Davis, Clark, & Cryer-Coupet, 2015; Coley & Medeiros, 2007). However, Black fathers, and particularly those of boys who live in adverse circumstances, are often perceived as being uninvolved or without direct influence on the day-to-day functioning of their sons. As Black boys attempt to navigate stressful encounters associated with community violence and encounters with law enforcement, adequate social capital should be considered as it relates to the acquisition of skills needed to remain safe and maintain wellbeing. Additionally, spatial disadvantage, which often contributes to the reproduction of the human capital failures and losses, confines these youth within largely contiguous impoverished neighborhoods and positions BYOC as more vulnerable to possible seduction and/or victimization via interpersonal, gang, and community violence; it also increases the likelihood that they will be victims of racial profiling by law enforcement. Black fathers and father figures are routinely viewed as perpetrators of the violence that their sons may experience within their neighborhoods (Perry & Johnson, 2017). However, fathers that are present are not recognized as assets or resources to aid their sons in being safe and maintaining wellbeing (Richardson, 2010).Qualitative pilot findings emerging from 27 father-son dyads in the Fathers and Sons Communication Study suggest that Black fathers and father figures serve as assets or sources of family-based social capital in helping their sons to avoid violence and remain safe (Johnson, Rich, & Keene, 2016; Richardson, 2010). They do so by: having difficult conversations related to the pervasive threat of violence at the hands of fellow neighborhood and community residents; reassuring their sons that they are loved and as fathers (or father figures) they are available to help them successfully triumph over such threats to their safety; and by offering key strategies to navigate the nuanced distinctions in responding to tense and potentially violent interactions with gangs and community violence perpetrators, police and other law enforcement figures.Since Black fathers who have themselves grown up under adverse circumstances have likely experienced gang and community violence, police harassment and detention, and/or racially motivated violence, they may function as an asset and protective factor for boys' safety and wellbeing in ways in which sons identify as a trustworthy source of information on which to rely. Fathers and father figures of Black boys who face high-risk circumstances provide unique insight into the experience of being a male living and surviving in the same or similar context. Findings from the current study offer a new perspective on how Black fathers' involvement contributes to the social development of Black boys, particularly behavioral adjustments and coping strategies in the face of biased and/or adversarial encounters with peers, community residents and law enforcement personnel.

Analysis of coping strategies of adolescents with delinquent behavior as a factor of improving psychological and educational support for students

Introduction. The authors investigate the problem of improving psychological and educational support for adolescents with delinquent behavior. The purpose of the article is to analyze coping strategies of adolescents with delinquent behavior as a factor of improving psychological and educational support for students. Materials and Methods. The theoretical framework of the research includes the following methodological approaches: systemic, person-centered, activity-based and subjective. The research methodology consists of a theoretical analysis of psychological, educational and sociological literature; an ascertaining experiment, testing, a questionnaire, an analysis of psychological, medical and educational documents; qualitative and quantitative analyses involving mathematical and statistical data processing (Fisher's F-test). Results. The authors have developed and described criteria for the analysis of adolescents' coping strategies. The study reveals statistically significant differences between manifestations of stress factors, resources, coping strategies of adolescents with delinquent behavior and adolescents with socially acceptable behavior. It was found that coping strategies of delinquent adolescents, along with negative characteristics, have a resource potential, which is considered as a guideline for implementing preventive and remedial psychological and educational interventions. It was found that adolescents with delinquent behavior are more likely to use adaptive or relatively adaptive cognitive and emotional coping strategies when dealing with stressful situations (setting personal value, maintaining self-control, optimism). Behavioral coping strategies in most cases are non-adaptive (compensation, retreat, distraction). The authors have identified the factors, which, if taken into account, contribute to increasing the efficiency of psychological and educational support for students based on the analysis of their coping strategies. Conclusions. The article concludes that psychological and educational support for adolescents with delinquent behavior can be improved if peculiarities of their coping strategies are taken into account.

Anxiety, perceived stress and coping strategies in nursing students: a cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive study

BackgroundFor many nursing students, clinical training represents a stressful experience. The levels of stress and anxiety may vary during students’ educational training, depending on their ability to adopt behavioral strategies for coping with stress, and other factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety, perceived stress, and the coping strategies used by nursing students during their clinical training.MethodsA cross-sectional correlational descriptive study. The sample consisted of 190 nursing students enrolled in the Nursing Faculty of Ciudad Real University in Spain. Participants provided data on background characteristics and completed the following instruments: the Perceived Stress Scale; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Coping Behavior Inventory. Relationships between scores were examined using Spearman’s rho.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 20.71 ± 3.89 years (range 18–46 years). Approximately half of the students (47.92%) indicated a moderate level of stress with a mean Perceived Stress Scale score of 22.78 (±8.54). Senior nursing students perceived higher levels of stress than novice students. The results showed a significant correlation for perceived stress and state anxiety (r = 0.463, p < .000) and also for trait anxiety (r = 0.718, p < .000). There was also a significant relationship between the total amount of perceived stress and the following domains of the coping behavior inventory: problem solving (r = −.452, p < .01), self-criticism (r = .408 p < .01), wishful thinking (r = .459, p < .01), social support(r = −.220, p < .01), cognitive restructuring (r = −.375, p < .01), and social withdrawal (r = .388, p < .01). In the current study, the coping strategy most frequently used by students was problem-solving, followed by social support and cognitive restructuring.ConclusionsNursing students in our study presented a moderate level of stress, in addition there was a significant correlation with anxiety. Nursing teachers and clinical preceptors/mentors should be encouraged to develop programs to help prepare nursing students to cope with the challenges they are about to face during their clinical placements.

Adaptive behavioural coping strategies as reaction to COVID-19 social distancing in Italy.

Social distancing, as experienced by the Italian population during the COVID-19 outbreak, generated the long-term activation of stress-response in individuals. This has been a crucial opportunity to study the coping strategies that people put in place to adapt their lives and habits to such a unique condition. For this reason, we have investigated both emotion-focused and problem-oriented coping strategies among the Italian population by relating them to other structural factors, such as social, economic and cultural conditions. More than 140,000 online interviews were collected in Italy from March 22 to April 2, 2020. This large dataset was used to carry out multivariate statistical data analysis with the aim of creating behavioral profiles, starting from coping parameters and other information. This technique has produced an association, showing a good level of statistical significance, between coping strategies and reactions to social distancing, due to the health emergency, during the data collection phase. Two coping indicators - problem-oriented and focused on positive emotions coping strategies - were selected as objective variables in a "decision tree" modelling. The results have shown a link between individual factors (i.e., atmosphere at home) and educational and social factors (i.e., compliance with restrictions during the health emergency). The reduction of social interaction had quite a significant impact on people's behavior; furthermore, coping strategies have played a crucial role in facing this stressor. For both the selected coping indicators, the best predictor was the atmosphere perceived at home. Moreover, the respondents' previous experiences have played a relevant role in the acceptance of new rules imposed by the government. This information can be useful in planning future social policies, both at national and international level, during such peculiar times.

Mothers' stress and behavioral and emotional problems in children with ADHD. Mediation of coping strategies.

The present study compared mothers' stress and the behavioral/emotional problems of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and children with typical development (TD). Furthermore, the relationships among the mothers' stress, the children's behavioral/emotional problems, and the mothers' coping strategies in both groups were identified. The contribution of behavioral/emotional problems to parenting stress in children with ADHD was also studied through mediation effects of the mothers' coping strategies. The parenting stress, coping orientation to problems, and strengths and difficulties questionnaires were administered to 72 mothers of children from 7 to 11years old: 35 with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD and 37 with typical development. The comparison analyses showed that the mothers' stress and the behavioral/emotional problems of their children were significantly higher in the group with ADHD than in the group without ADHD. Correlation analyses revealed different correlation patterns in the two groups, with behavioral/emotional problems significantly associated with parenting stress and with the disengagement and cognitive reframing coping reported by the mothers of children with ADHD. In addition, the disengagement coping strategy was a significant mediator in the relationship between behavioral/emotional problems and mothers' stress, according to the mediation analysis. The findings illustrate the need to include training in both behavioral strategies and coping strategies in counseling in order to help mothers buffer the impact of stress. This work is supported by the project PSI2016-78109 (AEI/FEDER, UE) and by University of Valencia UV-INV-PREDOC15-265889.

Неадаптиві копінг-стратегії поведінки як предиктори прокрастинації державних службовців

Стаття присвячена дослідженню неадаптивних копінг-стратегій поведінки як предикторів прокрастинації державних службовців, виявленню основних тенденцій. Державний службовець, як суб’єкт управління, при виконанні своїх професійних функцій, постійно працює в умовах вибору прийняття рішення для подолання негативного впливу складних ситуацій, таких, що за своїми параметрами перевищують його компетентності та ресурсний потенціал. Професіоналізм державних службовців виявляється в здатності переборювати труднощі при виникненні великої кількості ситуацій, що пов’язані з прийняттям рішень, які не повинні відкладатися на потім.&#x0D; За умови не адаптивної копінг-стратегії поведінки, державний службовець використовує тактику прокрастинації та сфера пошуку рішення з подолання неприємної ситуації обмежується діями, які зменшують його контакти з цим положенням, а дії з переборення неприємного стану активно скасовуються державним службовцем, як несприятливі.&#x0D; Неадаптивні копінг-стратегії поведінки у подоланні складних ситуацій при виконанні справ і прийняття рішень є предикторами прокрастинації державних службовців в управлінської діяльності. У результаті аналізу наукових джерел визначено сутність та основні ознаки неадаптивних копінг-стратегій поведінки, які є засобами прогнозування прокрастинації державних службовців в управлінській діяльності. Зокрема у науковій статті проаналізовані актуальні наукові підходи до визначення термінів. Визначені найістотніші аспекти вищевказаних явищ показали, що прокрастинація є негативне явище, яке перешкоджає суспільному розвитку і розуміється як постійне відкладання актуальних і важливих справ та прийняття рішень, що завжди повторюються всупереч усвідомленню державними службовцями негативних наслідків та неготовністю взяти на себе відповідальність.&#x0D; Репрезентоване авторське ставлення щодо визначення неадаптивних копінг-стратегіїй поведінки у подоланні складних ситуацій при виконанні справ і прийняття рішень, які є предикторами прокрастинації державних службовців в управлінській діяльності. Неадаптивними копінг-стратегіями поведінки є: фокусування на емоціях і їх вирішенні; заперечення; ментальне та поведінкове відчуження; уникнення; ігнорування; примирення; дисимуляція.

Attitudes to Noise Inside Dwellings in Three Megacities: Seoul, London, and São Paulo.

This study investigated people’s attitudes towards noise inside their homes. Online questionnaire surveys were conducted in Seoul, London, and São Paulo. The questionnaire was designed to assess annoyance caused by noise from neighbours and environmental noise (transportation). Information was also collected on situational, personal, and socio-demographic variables. Respondents that were more annoyed by outdoor noise inside their dwelling reported higher neighbour noise annoyance. In Seoul, neighbour noise was found to be more annoying than outdoor noise, and those with higher noise sensitivity reported higher annoyance towards neighbour noise. However, neighbour noise and outdoor noise was found to be equally annoying in London and São Paulo. For neighbour noise, the average percentage of respondents hearing structure-borne sources compared to airborne sources differed in each city. Most neighbour noise sources in São Paulo gave rise to higher annoyance ratings than Seoul and London. Education and income levels had a limited effect on annoyance and coping strategy. Annoyance with indoor noise from neighbours was found to have stronger relationships with cognitive and behavioural coping strategies than outdoor noise annoyance.

The better the bond, the better we cope. The effects of place attachment intensity and place attachment styles on the link between perception of risk and emotional and behavioral coping

The general aim is to advance the understanding of the role of both place attachment intensity and place attachment styles for adaptive coping strategies with flood risk. Place attachment styles are operationalized as secure, preoccupied, and fearful-avoidant. Risk coping strategies are conceptualized as emotional (i.e., distress), and behavioral coping strategies (i.e., positive, negative, and avoidant).Two main cross-sectional studies were conducted in both high and low-risk areas: one study in Italy (N = 100) and one study in Romania (N = 391). The first study aims to test the moderating effect of place attachment intensity and place attachment styles both on the relation between perception of risk and distress; and on the relation between perception of risk and positive, avoidant and negative behavioral coping. The second study tests the effects of place attachment styles on the relation between the objective risk level and both emotional and behavioral coping.Results show that, in the high-risk context, people with a higher place attachment or having a secure bond with the place, are more likely to feel distress, and less likely to use avoidant coping strategies when the perceived risk is high. As for the low-risk context, people having a fearful-avoidant bond are more inclined to choose avoidant coping when the perceived risk is high. When taking into account the actual risk level, and not the perceived risk, people with a secure bond will more likely choose positive coping, as opposed to people with a fearful-avoidant place attachment when exposed to a higher risk. Place attachment style can thus be a relevant variable affecting strategies of environmental risk coping, at both emotional and behavioral level: specifically, a secure place attachment style, though favoring psychological distress, can improve a more constructive and adaptive behavioral strategy in face of higher perceived or objective flood risk.