Behavioral Characteristics Of People Research Articles

Features of physiological support for goal-directed activity of people with various individual typological characteristics

The challenge of increasing human productivity in different fields of professional and other activities has become particularly acute in the 21st century. For many years, research into the field of psychophysiology, as one of the areas of medical and biological sciences, has been dedicated to solving a number of challenges related to optimizing human labor activity. However, the results of this work, especially when performed on different models, often present contradictory findings. This article presents both classical and new data on the physiological underpinnings for the goal-directed activity of individuals with various psychophysiological traits. Some of the most commonly analysed psychophysiological traits in the study of goal-directed activity in humans are intro-extraversion, neuroticism and personal anxiety. The behavioral characteristics of people with these individual typological features, and the variability of performance of goal-directed activity, are considered. The article presents data of vegetative support and the parameters of electrical brain activity during the realization of goal-directed activity of individuals with different psychophysiological characteristics.

Biometric Personal Classification with Deep Learning Using EMG Signals

Biometric person recognition systems are becoming increasingly important due to their use in places requiring high security. Since it includes the physical and behavioral characteristics of people, the iris structure, which is a traditional person recognition system, is more secure than methods such as fingerprints or speech. In this study, a deep learning-based person classification/recognition model is proposed. The Gesture Recognition and Biometrics ElectroMyogram (GrabMyo) dataset from the open access PhysioNet database was used. With the 28-channel EMG device, 10 people were asked to make a fist movement with their hand. During the fist movement, data were recorded with the EMG device from the arm and wrist for 5 seconds with a sampling frequency of 2048. The EMD method was chosen to determine the spectral properties of EMG signals. With the EMD method, 4 IMF signal vectors were obtained from the high frequency components of the EMG signals. The classification performance effect of the feature vector is increased by using statistical methods for each IMF signal vector. Feature vectors are classified with CNN and LSTM methods from deep learning algorithms. Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity and F-Score parameters were used to determine the performance of the developed model. An accuracy value of 95.57% was obtained in the model developed with the CNN method. In the LSTM method, the accuracy value was 93.88%. It is explained that the deep learning model proposed in this study can be effectively used as a biometric person recognition system for person recognition or classification problems with the EMG signals obtained during the fist movement. In addition, it is predicted that the proposed model can be used effectively in the design of future person recognition systems.

ALLEVIATING POVERTY THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: HOMO ENTREPRENEUR, ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE, AND STATE

<em>Creating economic well-being considers entrepreneurship as a basic factor. Improving entrepreneurship improves economic well-being/wealth at all levels of aggregation: individual, family, social community, state, and world civilization. Improving entrepreneurship means applying knowledge and understanding its causal factors. It is essentially a psychological, socio-cultural, and political-economic phenomenon. As a psychological/mental phenomenon, it can be recognized in individual conative (value), emotional-motivational, intellectual, and behavioral characteristics of people who start businesses (characteristics of enterprising persons/homo entrepreneur). As a social/cultural phenomenon, entrepreneurship recognizes social attitudes and behavior (culture), manifested as a mentality as a key success ingredient. As a political-economic phenomenon, it recognizes the importance of the political-economic situation, that is, in the actual resource support of state institutions, the absence of obstacles/disincentives for entrepreneurs, and in economic policies, practices, and habits that stimulate entrepreneurial ventures and economic growth. The results of the discussion about the individual, socio-cultural, and political-economic characteristics necessary for an entrepreneurial (creative) society have several outcomes. In the context of poverty alleviation, there is indicated the necessity of cultivating/internalizing: a) specific characteristics of entrepreneurs that make up an entrepreneurial person/homo entrepreneur, b) specific entrepreneurial values - cultural characteristics that form an entrepreneurial culture/mentality, and c) specific political-economic entrepreneurship prone characteristics/behavior of the state (state institutions) that form an entrepreneurial state. In such a context, management solutions for entrepreneurial/economic development improvement should suggest an integral strategy for poverty alleviation. Such a strategy should have different levels of aggregation from the individual to the global civilization of the human species.</em>

Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Stress and strain profiles in the German population.

Clinical observations indicate that people frequently display stress-related behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although numerous studies have been published concerning pandemic-related psychological distress, systematic data on the interrelationships between stress sensitivity, personality, and behavioral characteristics of people are still lacking. In the present cross-sectional online survey study, we applied a German version of the COVID Stress Scales (CSS) and standard psychological questionnaires to systematically identify the complex interplay between stress sensitivity, gender, and personality in the modulation of quality of life and mental health in the German population (N = 1774; age ≥ 16 years). A CSS-based cluster analysis revealed two clusters characterized by higher and lower stress levels. Study participants in each cluster differed significantly with respect to neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, quality of life, depression, and anxiety. Females were significantly overrepresented in the higher stress cluster, while there was an overrepresentation of males in the lower stress cluster. Neuroticism was identified as a risk factor and extraversion as a protective factor for enhanced pandemic-related stress responses. For the first time our data show a taxonomy of factors, which modulate pandemic-related stress sensitivity and warrant consideration as key indicators of quality of life and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. We suggest that our data may advise governmental regulation of pandemic-related public health measures, to optimize quality of life and psychological health in different groups of the population.

Fuzzy Cluster Analysis and Prediction of Psychiatric Health Data Based on BPNN

PMH (psychiatry/mental health) is affected by many factors, among which there are numerous connections, so the prediction of PMH is a nonlinear problem. In this paper, BPNN (Back Propagation Neural Network) is applied to fuzzy clustering analysis and prediction of PMH data, and the rules and characteristics of PMH and behavioral characteristics of people with mental disorders are analyzed, and various internal relations among psychological test data are mined, thus providing scientific basis for establishing and perfecting early prevention and intervention of mental disorders in colleges and universities. Artificial neural network is a mathematical model of information processing, which is composed of synapses similar to the structure of brain neurons. The fuzzy clustering analysis and data prediction ability of optimized PMH data are obviously improved. Applying BPNN to the fuzzy clustering analysis and prediction of PMH data, analyzing the rules and characteristics of PMH and the behavioral characteristics of patients with mental disorders, can explore various internal relations among psychological test data, and provide scientific basis for establishing early prevention and intervention of mental disorders.

Модели потребительского поведения на примере поколений

The article considers modern models of consumer behavior depending on the market situation in society: models of a rational consumer of the neoclassical school, a model of a socio-economic person, neoinstitutionalism, the doctrine of "libertarian paternalism" and a marketing model of a black box. A method for substantiating consumer behavior based on the concept of marketing experiences is proposed. The behavioral characteristics of people are considered on the example of generations BB, X, Y and Z. It is substantiated that it is the value basis that has formed among representatives of generations BB and Y that continues to have a significant impact on social networks and “opinion leaders”.

SPATIAL SYNTAX AS A TOOL FOR STUDYING THE STRUCTURE AND CONFIGURATION OF PUBLIC SPACES

The author presents the theory of spatial syntax, which is a key tool for under-standing of the structure of public space and its configuration. Spatial decisions are determining factors influencing to the behavioral characteristics of people who use public space. The author traces the use of spatial syntax as a tool for choosing a de-sign solution for the reconstruction of Trafalgar Square in London. The main interest of spatial syntax is finding the relationship between human needs and spaces. It is believed that behavioral characteristics are already embedded in the structure of spa-tial systems. Spatial syntax calls this relative characteristic of space as a configura-tion and offers the idea that it is this characteristic that shapes human behavior and thus contains social knowledge.
 Bill Hiller described the method of analysis of the existing scheme of use of the space of Trafalgar Square and around it, which was taken into account later by the authors of the reconstruction project.
 The perfect spatial design was to contain three key elements: simple, straight routes for pedestrians, which should cross the space in the middle, not at its edges; the presence of points of perception in several visual areas; availability of facilities for eating, drinking or recreation, located near the main walking routes.
 The analysis of Trafalgar Square showed that none of these elements was pre-sent in the decision of the square. Spatial analysis helped to find optimal design solu-tions.
 Spatial analysis of Trafalgar Square has shown that, although the effects of people movement are important, but not as much as the impact of space configura-tion. As the analysis of the design solution of the public space of Trafalgar Square confirms, a successful project means, first of all, reasonable spatial solutions.

Personal data protection in the European Union and China. Social Credit System of the People’s Republic of China

Biometrics analyzes the physical and behavioral characteristics of people in order to identify their personality. A huge number of technologies in the field of biometric data collection are being developed by IT giants like Facebook, Alibaba. The European Union is taking a step towards the confidentiality of biometric information: in May 2018, the unified law on the protection of personal data, GDPR, comes into force. While European countries are implementing the GDPR by force, the Social Credit System has been launched in China since 2016 as a pilot project.

Human rights and biometric data. Social credit system

Biometrics, as a field of science, analyzes the physical and behavioral characteristics of people in order to identify their personality. A huge amount of technology in the field of biometric data collection is developed by IT giants like Google, Facebook, or Alibaba. The European Union (EU) took an important step towards biometric data confidentiality by developing a unified law on the protection of personal data (General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR). The main goal of this action is to return control over personal data to European citizens and at the same time simplify the regulatory legal basis for companies. While European countries and organisations are introducing the GDPR into force, China since 2016 has launched a social credit system as a pilot project. The Social Credit Score (SCS) is based on collecting the maximum amount of data about citizens and assessing the reliability of residents based on their financial, social and online behavior. Only critical opinions can be read about the social credit system in European literature, although the opinions of persons being under this system – Chinese citizens – are quite positive. In this context, we should not forget about the big difference in the mentality of Asians and Europeans. The aim of this article is to compare EU law and the legislation of the People's Republic of China regarding the use and storage of biometric data. On the basis of statistical data and materials analysed, key conclusions will be formulated, that will allow to indicate differences in the positions of state institutions and the attitude of citizens to the issue of personal data protection in China and the European Union.

Reconstruction and Analysis of Gene Networks of Human Neurotransmitter Systems Reveal Genes with Contentious Manifestation for Anxiety, Depression, and Intellectual Disabilities.

Background: The study of the biological basis of anxiety, depression, and intellectual disabilities in humans is one of the most actual problems of modern neurophysiology. Of particular interest is the study of complex interactions between molecular genetic factors, electrophysiological properties of the nervous system, and the behavioral characteristics of people. The neurobiological understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders requires not only the identification of genes that play a role in the molecular mechanisms of the occurrence and course of diseases, but also the understanding of complex interactions that occur between these genes. A systematic study of such interactions obviously contributes to the development of new methods of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disorders, as the orientation to allele variants of individual loci is not reliable enough, because the literature describes a number of genes, the same alleles of which can be associated with different, sometimes extremely different variants of phenotypic traits, depending on the genetic background, of their carriers, habitat, and other factors. Results: In our study, we have reconstructed a series of gene networks (in the form of protein–protein interactions networks, as well as networks of transcription regulation) to build a model of the influence of complex interactions of environmental factors and genetic risk factors for intellectual disability, depression, and other disorders in human behavior. Conclusion: A list of candidate genes whose expression is presumably associated with environmental factors and has potentially contentious manifestation for behavioral and neurological traits is identified for further experimental verification.

Comparing risk environments for HIV among people who inject drugs from three cities in Northern Mexico

BackgroundA large body of research has investigated the rise of injection drug use and HIV transmission in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez (CJ). However, little is known about the dynamics of injecting in Hermosillo. This study compares drug-related behaviors and risk environment for HIV of people who inject drugs (PWID) across Tijuana, CJ, and Hermosillo to identify factors that could explain differences in HIV prevalence.MethodsData from Tijuana belong to a prospective study (El Cuete IV). Data from Hermosillo and Ciudad Juarez belong to a cross-sectional study. Both studies collected data in places where PWID spend time. All participants completed quantitative behavioral and serological testing for HIV. Datasets were merged using only comparable variables. Descriptive statistics tests were used to compare sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of people who inject drugs PWID sampled in each city. A logistic regression model was built to identify factors independently associated with the likelihood of reporting receptive syringe sharing in the past 6 months.ResultsA total of 1494 PWID provided data between March 2011 and May 2012. HIV prevalence differed significantly between participants in Tijuana (4.2%), CJ (7.7%), and Hermosillo (5.2%; p < 0.05). PWID from Hermosillo reported better living conditions, less frequency of drug injection, and lower prevalence of syringe sharing (p < 0.01). PWID from CJ reported a higher prevalence of syringe sharing and confiscation by police (p < 0.01). In a multivariable logistic regression model, living in Hermosillo compared to Tijuana (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29–0.61) and being female (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.45–0.83) were protective against syringe sharing. Having used crystal meth (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.24–2.13, p = 0.001), having experienced syringe confiscation by police in the last 6 months (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.34–2.40), and lower perception of syringe availability (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.59–2.91) were significantly associated with syringe sharing (p < 0.05).ConclusionsDifferences in HIV prevalence across cities reflect mainly differences in risk environments experienced by PWID, shaped by police practices, access to injection equipment, and dynamics of drug markets. Findings highlight the importance of ensuring sterile syringe availability through harm reduction services and a human rights approach to drug harms in northern Mexico and to generate better understanding of local dynamics and contexts of drug use for designing proper harm reduction programs.

Recent Topics on Human Science Research and Future Prospects

Human Science in the railway field is a scientific discipline aimed at solving problems and proposing the countermeasures which will improve the safety, ease of use and comfort of railways. This is achieved through insights acquired by measuring, evaluating and analyzing the psychological, physical, physiological and behavioral characteristics of people, such as passengers using railways and workers operating them. This paper outlines recent topics examined in the area of human science research in education and training, and improvements to the on-board and station environment, before finally outlining possible future prospects.

Device for biometric verification of maternity

Biometry is the scientific discipline and technology that measures and analyzes physiological or behavioral characteristics of people and is widely deployed in modern society security systems. Device for biometric identification of maternity is a dual fingerprint scanner that acquires fingerprint templates of the mother and the child at the very moment of birth, generates unique ID reference, and further guarantees mother-child relationship with that reference. Technical issue that is solved with this work and the proposed device is scanning, processing, and storing encrypted biometric templates with a goal to provide a 100% guarantee maternity for each new born child. Scanning the fingerprints of both mother and the child simultaneously, at moment of birth, and pairing them with unique ID reference removes potential fears occurring from hospital negligence to malicious activities, while the data encryption raises the whole process to the highest level of security and confidentiality. The main contribution of the device that removes the fear that almost every mother has in this period as it provides an answer to the question: ?Is this my baby?? with a 100% guarantee ?It?s certainly yours!?

Pellegrinaggio e turismo religioso: le immagini latenti

This paper presents a survey of the most significant guidelines that emerge in the «demand» for religious travel, and it traces a qualitatively articulated pattern to be put in relation with some demographic, socio-economic, cultural and behavioral characteristics of people who take them. The demand results to be significantly aggregated around the following motivational patterns: (1) Recognizing to be part of humanity in the way to salvation; (2) Responding to a duty of institutional belonging to the Church; (3) Restoring body and spirit; (4) Identifying with the group; (5) Developing a personal journey of faith; (6) Renewing life; (7) Growing up with the others; (8) Living an interior experience; (9) Cultivating interpersonal relationships; (10) Experiencing the elsewhere. As a result, the dichotomous opposition that many definitions attribute to pilgrimage and religious tourism is very softened, in favor of a very complex structure of motivation and guiding images, capable of supporting behaviors that are very different from each other. The multiplicity of guidelines and the diversity of experience emerge in a way all the more significant as the distinction is not limited to consider purely geographical factors (the destinations) or organizational ones (the preparation and spiritual guide, the program contents), but it also invests the motivations and the subjectively oriented relations of travel participants.

HIV Risk Behaviors and Testing History in Historically Black College and University Settings

From 2001 through 2005, African Americans accounted for the largest percentage of new cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in all age categories, especially among people aged 13 to 24 years. Although students attending historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) report many of the behaviors that promote HIV transmission, their risk behaviors and HIV testing practices have not been well-characterized. We compared the demographic and behavioral characteristics of people who have been previously tested for HIV with those of people tested for the first time in this demonstration project to increase HIV testing at HBCUs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and collaborating partners conducted rapid HIV testing and behavioral surveys at HBCUs in Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, and Washington, D.C., from January 2005 to April 2007. We recruited a convenience sample of students and community members at different campus venues including student health centers, dormitories, and student activity centers. Our analysis included 5,291 people, 42% of whom reported they had never been tested for HIV. People who had been tested in the past were more likely to be older, believe they were at high risk for infection, have visited a health-care facility, and report behaviors that increased their risk of HIV infection. Respondents who believed they were at increased risk for HIV infection or reported behaviors that increased their risk for infection were more likely to have been tested for HIV. Future research should compare actual vs. perceived risk for HIV infection and contrast how each impacts HIV testing.

スウェーデンにおける重度上肢障害者の調理行為からみた生活行為の特性分析 : サリドマイド胎芽病による上肢障害者の住環境計画に関する研究 3

スウェーデンにおける重度上肢障害者の調理行為からみた生活行為の特性分析 : サリドマイド胎芽病による上肢障害者の住環境計画に関する研究 3

On the behavioral characteristics of loud-music listening.

To provide insight into the behavioral characteristics of people who listen excessively to loud music, the 32-item Northeastern Excessive Music Listening Survey was developed and administered to 90 subjects. Results indicate that 8 of the 90 subjects scored within a range that would suggest the presence of a maladaptive pattern of music-listening behavior similar to that exhibited by substance abusers. Implications for further research and models of treatment are discussed.