Behavioral Approach Research Articles

Determining factors affecting the upselling acceptance of business class seats among Filipino passengers: An extended theory of planned behavior approach

Upselling of business class seats has been implemented by many commercial airlines as part of their revenue management strategies. The purpose of this was to determine factors affecting the upselling acceptance of business class seats among Filipino passengers by utilizing an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) approach. A total 323 Filipinos voluntarily answered an online questionnaire that was distributed through a purposive sampling approach. The questionnaire consisted of 41 items that covered various factors such as Price (PR), Perceived Value (PV), Social Status (SS), Facilitating Conditions (FC), Hedonic Motivation (HM), Subjective Norm (SN), Attitude (A), Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), and Intention (I). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) showed SN was the most significant factor affecting passengers' intention to accept business class upselling offer, followed by PBC, PR, A, and FC. In addition, PV, FC, and A had significant effects on PBC which subsequently led to I. Furthermore, HM, P, and SS had significant effects on A which subsequently led to SN and I. Meanwhile, only two hypotheses were not supported by the study. This study is one of the first studies that explored the upselling in the business class seats using behavioral factors and additional variables to determine their intentions. The results of this study could help the airline industry to evaluate their strategy in revenue management. Finally, the findings of this study add to the current literature and help airlines’ marketing strategy and promote seat bidding.

Development and content validation of coordinate response measure (CRM) corpus in Kannada for informational masking measurement

BackgroundAssessing informational masking (IM) involves various methods, broadly categorized as electrophysiological and behavioral approaches. In behavioral methods, researchers often use a range of stimulus types such as tone-in-noise masking, speech masking, music masking, gap detection, modulation masking, and spatial masking. The evaluation of speech perception in noisy conditions often utilizes the coordinate response measure (CRM), a publicly available test developed by Moore (AGARD conference proceedings 311, 1981). The objective of the study is to develop and content validate the Kannada coordinate response measure (CRM) sentences corpus for the information masking measurement.ResultsStage 1: A total of thirty-eight call signs, eight colors, and eight numbers in the Kannada language were compiled and were given to 15 experts to select the appropriate stimuli. Those stimuli that satisfied the criteria of CVI ≥ 0.90 and CVR ≥ .90 were selected, which consisted of eight call signs, seven numbers, and five colors. Stage 2: By incorporating the chosen call signs, numbers, and colors, seven sentence structures were formulated and were subjected to content validation (criteria of CVI ≥ 0.90 and CVR ≥ .90). The sentence structure “(Call sign) iga (Color) bannada (Number) torsu” was finalized.Stage 3: Eight speakers (four males and four females) recorded Kannada sentences of about 3.5 s each, which were evaluated by five audiologists for voice quality, rate, and speech clarity using a 4-point scale. The evaluation identified two male and two female speakers with the best recordings.Stage 4: The final stage involved recording 235 sentences by the selected speakers, which were then assessed by two Kannada-speaking audiologists for face validity on various parameters, ensuring linguistic appropriateness and cultural relevance for inclusion in the final CRM corpus.ConclusionThe resulting corpus, meticulously curated and content-validated, presents significant potential for advancing research and clinical assessment of informational masking within the Kannada-speaking community. Overall, the CRM’s exceptional performance in challenging listening environments, inherent adaptability across languages, versatility for different age and literacy levels, and effectiveness in speech-intelligibility testing with multiple simultaneous talkers due to its use of call signs underscores its value as a superior measurement tool, which can be used in IM measurement in Kannada-speaking population.

Beyond Rationality: Exploring Neoclassical, Behavioral, and Austrian Approaches to Finance

Beyond Rationality: Exploring Neoclassical, Behavioral, and Austrian Approaches to Finance

Farmers’ Adoption of Agricultural Nature-Based Solutions in Northeast China: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Approach

The academic field has limited studies on implementing nature-based solutions (NbSs) in Chinese agriculture, especially regarding households’ and farmers’ attitudes toward the acceptance of agricultural NbS technologies. Based on this, this study aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining the factors behind farmers’ agricultural practices of NbS adoption in Northeast China. Accordingly, this paper constructs an extended theoretical framework of planned behavior (TPB) and empirically tests it using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on data from 298 farmers in Inner Mongolia. It was found that incorporating institutional trust (IT) into TPB improves the prediction of Chinese farmers’ intention to de-farm behavior. Unlike previous studies, this study identified two indirect pathways influencing farmers’ intention to adopt agricultural NbS technologies: from institutional trust through attitude to intention, and from institutional trust through perceived behavioral control to intention. The findings broaden the research perspective in this area, provide empirical evidence for the application of NbSs in agricultural practices in China and other developing countries, and demonstrate in practice that NbS has been promoted as an essential tool to maximize nature’s ability to provide ecosystem services and create direct economic benefits for farmers through increased yields and reduced costs.

Supporting Indonesian Online Waqf as Islamic Economics Source: Waqif Behaviour Approach in Java Island

Indonesia has great potential for asset waqf and cash waqf. Technological advancements show significant growth through fintech platforms for donations, zakat, and waqf. However, the magnitude of the potential of waqf and the advancement of financial technology is not in line with its realisation; this is a fundamental problem in Indonesia. The study aims to analyse the support of online waqf, an approach to waqf behaviour in Indonesia, by examining the influence of waqf literacy, trust, and attitude on behavioural intentions and behaviour of users who pay online cash waqf with age as a moderating variable. The study used a quantitative method with a survey approach to waqif in Indonesia, totalling 242 respondents through purposive sampling domiciled on the island of Java. Data analysis uses a structural equations model with the partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The study found that waqf literacy, beliefs, and attitudes have a significant relationship and a positive influence on behavioural intentions and user behaviour. Age has a significant impact on moderating the relationship between literacy and behavioural intentions. Behavioural intentions are significantly related to online waqf user behaviour. The implications of the research are increasing the support of literacy, trust and attitude to increase the potential for the realisation of online waqf in Indonesia, especially on the island of Java. The waqif behaviour approach strengthens the literature on Muslim social contributions. Further research examines the behavioural aspects of online waqf recipients (nazir) with qualitative and quantitative method approaches.

Practice of Educational Administration Theories in Secondary School of Bangladesh

The efficient execution of educational programs in schools has made the position of educational administrators increasingly important. Theories offer a conceptual structure that facilitates comprehending, forecasting, and managing behavior within organizational settings. The purpose of this study is to explore the practice of educational administration (EA) theories in secondary school of Bangladesh, and the role of educational administrators. A qualitative approach is used for gaining in-depth understanding in the real-life-situation. Semi-Structure Interview and Focus Group Discussion have been used to collect data. Data have been analyzed using thematic analysis technique. Findings show that secondary schools of Bangladesh are practicing the Scientific Management Theory and System Theory collaboratively through maintaining formal structure. Human Relationship and Behavioral Approach Theory have been practiced in the shadow of formal structure. As well a hybrid approach is being practiced in the schools. The administrators find the challenges to practice these theories. The challenges are lack of infrastructure, scarcity of teaching learning resources, teacher-student-ratio, local conflict, and school managing committee’s internal clash. The findings of this study would be useful for educators, educational administrators and researchers in advancing EA theories in education. Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Res arch, 50(1): 135-154

Evaluating the Alignment of Machine and Human Explanations in Visual Object Recognition through a Novel Behavioral Approach

Evaluating the Alignment of Machine and Human Explanations in Visual Object Recognition through a Novel Behavioral Approach

Decoding Contextual Effects in Vision: A Cross-Species Behavioral Approach

Decoding Contextual Effects in Vision: A Cross-Species Behavioral Approach

Sequential physical and cognitive training disrupts cocaine-context associations via multi-level stimulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Cocaine-related contextual cues are a recurrent source of craving and relapse. Extinction of cue-driven cocaine seeking remains a clinical challenge, and the search for adjuvants is ongoing. In this regard, combining physical and cognitive training is emerging as a promising strategy that has shown synergistic benefits on brain structure and function, including enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), which has been recently linked to reduced maintenance of maladaptive drug seeking. Here, we examined whether this behavioral approach disrupts cocaine-context associations via improved AHN. To this aim, C57BL/6J mice (N = 37) developed a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and underwent interventions consisting of exercise and/or spatial working memory training. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered during early running sessions to tag a subset of new dentate granule cells (DGCs) reaching a critical window of survival during spatial learning. Once these DGCs became functionally mature (∼ 6 weeks-old), mice received extinction training before testing CPP extinction and reinstatement. We found that single and combined treatments accelerated CPP extinction and prevented reinstatement induced by a low cocaine priming (2 mg/kg). Remarkably, the dual-intervention mice showed a significant decrease of CPP after extinction relative to untreated animals. Moreover, combining the two strategies led to increased number and functional integration of BrdU+ DGCs, which in turn maximized the effect of spatial training (but not exercise) to reduce CPP persistence. Together, our findings suggests that sequencing physical and cognitive training may redound to decreased maintenance of cocaine-context associations, with multi-level stimulation of AHN as a potential underlying mechanism.

PSXII-15 Theory of planned behavior-based evaluation of technology adoption in dairy farms

Abstract Studies on the adoption of farm innovations should include underlying psychological constructs that affect decisions and behavior of farmers such as intention, perceptions, and beliefs. Dairy farming technologies are continually evolving, making it necessary to review current farm practices frequently. Dairy farmers are actively exploring various alternative investment options to optimize production processes, minimize costs, and increase overall efficiency. However, careful evaluation is crucial to understanding the knowledge and attitude of farmers to these tools. We utilize psychological constructs from the theory of planned behavior approach to understand the technology adoption behavior of dairy farmers. The theory of planned behavior is a psychological model that explains how human behavior is influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. We add product marketing as another essential component based on the industry relevance. The objective was to understand the adoption decisions and the perceived usefulness of precision technologies by dairy farmers in Texas. Dairy farmers were delivered printed copies of a pretested survey instrument to assess technology use, on-farm decisions, and producers’ planned behavior related to technology adoption on farms. Thirty-two completed surveys were returned and analyzed for descriptive and Structural Equation Modeling using Microsoft Excel and SAS (ver. 9.4). When choosing a technology, respondents ranked (on a scale of 1 to 5; unimportant to very important) the availability of local tech support as the most important factor (score 4.16; range 3 to 5), followed by proven performance through research (4.0; 3 to 5), simplicity of use (3.82; 3 to 5), benefit to cost ratio (3.66; 2 to 5), and total cost of investment (3.5; 1 to 5). Regarding barriers to investment decisions, 26% ranked lack of access to capital as a primary issue, followed by environmental regulations (12.5%), political environment (12.5%), and sitting regulations (12.5%). The intention of farmers to utilize the technology was influenced by farmers’ evaluation of the use of technology (attitude), their perceptions about the social pressure and marketing (subjective norm), and their perceptions about their utility on farmers (perceived behavioral control). The three most influential behavioral beliefs as the drivers of attitude were an increase in farm production and performance, monitoring cows, and labor savings. The three most influential normative beliefs were drivers of the subjective norm: family and friends, neighbors, and marketing. The three most influential control beliefs were drivers of perceived behavioral control: availability of local tech support, benefit-to-cost ratio, and simplicity and ease of use. Respondents indicate that having a standard price, reduced cost, and providing a detailed cost analysis when marketing the technology increases confidence in purchasing and integration. The findings suggest developing better products, ensuring reasonable pricing, and performing proper validations to enhance the farmer’s trust helps to increase technology adoption in dairy farms.

From individual motivation to substance use initiation: A longitudinal cohort study assessing the associations between reward sensitivity and subsequent risk of substance use initiation among US adolescents

BackgroundSubstance use in youth remains a pressing problem in the United States. Existing studies have shown the importance of neuropathways responsible for affective response and reward motivation in adolescents’ substance use initiation and maintenance. However, limited observational studies have explored the relationship between aspects of behavioral motivation traits and the likelihood of substance use initiation in adolescents. In this prospective cohort study, we assessed the associations between behavioral motivation traits based on the Behavioral Inhibition and Approach Systems (BIS-BAS) Scale and substance use initiation using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. MethodIn the 9216 eligible sample population, we assessed the associations between mean Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) / Behavioral Approach System (BAS) scores measured at year 2 of the ABCD study and substance use initiation at year 3 of the ABCD study using multivariable logistic regressions adjusting for ABCD study site, sampling weights, as well as sociodemographic characteristics. ResultsWe found that higher BIS mean score was associated with higher odds of initiating substance use at year 3 (AOR=1.20, 95 % CI: 1.03, 1.40). Out of three BAS measure categories, only BAS Fun-seeking mean score was positively associated with higher odds of initiating substance use at year 3 (AOR=1.23, 95 % CI: 1.07, 1.43). ConclusionOur study showed that inhibitory and fun-seeking behavioral tendencies are associated with an increased likelihood of substance use initiation in adolescents. Our findings suggest a potential pathway linking emotional traits to early substance initiation in adolescents.

Car-following model based on artificial potential field with consideration of horizontal curvature in connected vehicles environment

Connected vehicles (CVs) will gradually replace traditional vehicles to become the main components of traffic flow. Studying the car-following behavior characteristics is crucial for improving traffic flow stability and safety in CVs environment. Additionally, the radius of road curvature significantly impacts vehicle driving behavior, making it necessary to consider it for the car-following models of CVs. The artificial potential field (APF) theory can more accurately and comprehensively depict various microscopic driving behaviors, offering a new approach for modeling vehicle microscopic behavior. Firstly, this paper constructs the attractive and repulsive potential fields considering horizontal curve curvature based on a road coordinate transformation model. Secondly, an Artificial Potential Field-Based Car-Following Model Considering Curvature (APFCCM) in connected vehicles environment is proposed. Finally, the model is calibrated and validated using the Hangzhou - Xifu Freeway dataset from the Tongji Road Trajectory Sharing (TJRD TS) platform, and compared with the full velocity difference model(FVDM), the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) and the Driving Risk Potential Field Model (DRPFM). The results show that the APFCCM performs well in trajectory simulation, model accuracy, and scenario adaptability, and it has the lowest mean absolute error(MAE) and root mean square error(RMSE) in position, speed, and acceleration metrics.

Biopsychosocial pathways model of early childhood appetite self-regulation: Temperament as a key to modulation of interactions among systems

The widespread discrimination against individuals with obesity often stems from a simplistic perception of obesity as a mere consequence of personal choices of overeating and insufficient physical activity. This reductionist perception fails to acknowledge the complexity of the epidemic of obesity, which extends beyond diet and exercise decisions. The concept of appetite self-regulation (ASR) has been explored as a crucial element in identifying obesogenic behavioral approaches to food. Although an extensive understanding of ASR in children is essential as an early precursor and modifiable factor influencing obesity, the prevailing view of self-regulation of eating solely as a matter of cognitive and behavioral processing tends to overlook interacting systems of influences. This narrow approach attributes obesity to the lack of voluntary self-control in food consumption while neglecting to account for the biological, psychological, and social influences implicated in the developmental processes of ASR, which may further contribute to the stigmatization of obesity. The current critical analysis provides a comprehensive developmental framework that could guide future studies with testable hypotheses, outlining pathways of interactions among biopsychosocial systems, all of which contribute to the development of ASR in early childhood. Adopting developmental perspectives allows a holistic approach to investigating ASR, which accounts for intricate interactions between biological (B), psychological (P), and social (S) factors influential in the early manifestation of ASR.

Deciphering CEO disclosure tone inconsistency: a behavioural exploration

PurposeThis research employs a behavioural approach to investigate the determinants of CEO disclosure tone inconsistency. By examining CEO characteristics and psychological attributes, the study aims to unravel the complexities underlying tone variations in Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) reports. Through this exploration, the research seeks to contribute to understanding ethical considerations in corporate communications and provide insights into the nuanced interplay between personal, job-related and psychological factors influencing CEO disclosure tone.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilises a dataset comprising 1,411 MD&A reports from 143 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2021. Multiple regression analyses with year- and industry-fixed effects are employed to examine the relationships between CEO gender, tenure, duality, ability and psychological attributes such as narcissism, myopia, overconfidence and tone inconsistency. Data analysis involves MAXQDA software for analysing MD&A reports and Rahavard Novin software for document analysis, supplemented by audited financial statements.FindingsThe findings reveal significant relationships between CEO characteristics, psychological attributes and tone inconsistency. Female CEOs exhibit reduced tone inconsistency, contrasting with previous research trends. CEO tenure correlates negatively with tone inconsistency, whereas CEO ability shows a positive correlation, indicating a nuanced relationship with performance. However, CEO duality does not exhibit a significant association. Psychological attributes such as narcissism and myopia are positively associated with tone inconsistency, while no substantial connection is found with managerial overconfidence.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the inaugural exploration of CEO disclosure tone inconsistency through a behavioural lens, advancing measurement precision in the field. By delving into CEO characteristics and psychological attributes, the study offers unique insights into the roots of tone inconsistency. Applying comprehensive lexicon and phraseology enriches the methodological approach, fostering dialogue among diverse stakeholders and adding distinct perspectives to the discourse on ethical issues in business. Through its meticulous examination of behavioural underpinnings, this study becomes a catalyst for reflection, dialogue and progress in corporate communications and ethical considerations.

Nurse-Led Interventions in Managing Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review.

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is common among patients with cancer. Various interventions have been reported to reduce fatigue, and some evidence suggests that nurse-led interventions may be effective in the management of CRF. A systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions for CRF in patients with cancer and survivors. The aim of this study was to review and appraise the evidence for the effectiveness of different types of nurse-led interventions on fatigue in patients with cancer and survivors. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched to identify studies published from January 2013 to October 2023. The studies that described nurse-led interventions in patients with cancer or survivors regardless of treatment duration, modes of intervention delivery, and any based intervention were included. The studies were excluded if no fatigue was an outcome measure. Twelve studies from 2013 to 2023 were included and eligible for the review. Nine studies obtained a Jadad score of 3 or more, indicating high quality for the quality assessment. Eleven of the included studies reported a significant effect of the nurse-led interventions in reducing fatigue in patients with cancer or survivors. Nurse-led interventions that focus on multidisciplinary, exercise, psychological, and behavioral approaches appear promising in the management of CRF. More research is needed in order to determine the most acceptable forms of intervention. The development of evidence-based interventions for managing CRF is significant to nursing practice.

Beyond fads and magic bullets: The promise of behavioral approaches in development economics

Beyond fads and magic bullets: The promise of behavioral approaches in development economics

A state-space relational event modeling approach for learning dynamic social interaction behavior

Relational event models (REMs) are the primary choice for the analysis of relational-event network data. However, the standard REM assumes static parameters, which hinders the modeling of time-varying dynamics. This assumption might be too restrictive in real-life scenarios, making a model that allows for time-varying parameters more valuable. We introduce a state-space extension of the relational event model as a way to tackle this problem. The model has three main attributes. First, it provides a statistical framework of the temporal change of the parameters. Second, it enables the forecasting of future parameter values (which can be utilized to simulate new networks that can account for temporal dynamics in out-of-sample predictions). Third, it requires smaller data structures to be loaded into computer memory compared to the standard REM; this makes the model easily scalable to large networks. We conduct empirical analyses on bike-sharing data, corporate communications, and interactions among socio-political actors to illustrate model usage and applicability.

Monetary and fiscal policies in Brazil and the behavioral approach

PurposeThis study aims to elucidate the dynamics of monetary and fiscal policy interactions in Brazil, focusing on the impacts of positive shocks in government consumption and interest rates. By comparing rational and behavioral agent responses, it clarifies how these frameworks influence gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, private and government consumption and nominal interest rates.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with Bayesian estimation from 2000Q1 to 2022Q4, capturing rational and behavioral behaviors with adjustments for Brazilian economic idiosyncrasies. Impulse response functions (IRF) assess the dynamic effects of policy shocks, providing a comparative analysis of the two frameworks.FindingsBehavioral agents show greater initial sensitivity to policy shocks, causing more pronounced fluctuations in GDP, inflation and private consumption compared to rational agents. Over time, the behavioral approach leads to a more robust recovery, while the rational approach results in a quicker return to equilibrium but less pronounced long-term recovery. The study also finds fiscal policy can partially offset the negative impacts of monetary tightening, with a more delayed effect in the behavioral model.Originality/valueThis paper provides insights into the interplay between monetary and fiscal policies under different agent expectations, emphasizing the importance of incorporating behavioral elements into macroeconomic models to better capture policy dynamics in emerging markets.

ВЛИЯНИЯ ЛОЯЛЬНОСТИ ПЕРСОНАЛА НА ПРОЦЕСС ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The study is devoted to the urgent problem of studying the influence of staff loyalty on the process of effective functioning of an organization in the dynamic turbulent socio-economic situation of recent years in the Russian Federation. In a period of insufficient personnel caused by demographic reasons and at the same time high rates of staff turnover, the study of the influence of staff loyalty on the process of effective functioning of the organization comes to the fore. A theoretical analysis of the influence of staff loyalty on the process of effective functioning of the company was carried out. The study presents the main aspects of the influence of staff loyalty on the process of effective functioning of the organization. Attitudinal and behavioral approaches to the definition of “loyalty” of personnel are outlined. A formulation is given to the basic concept of “loyalty” of personnel, which is revealed as the quality of an employee’s personality, determined by the willingness to adhere to the principles and established rules of the company, and the attitude towards the performance of job duties at a high level to maintain the functioning of the organization. The criteria for staff loyalty are highlighted, for example, such as: level of staff satisfaction with the conditions and results of work; emotional attachment to the organization (external and internal manifestations); degree of trust between management and employees. A description is given and the results of a practical study of the influence of staff loyalty on the process of effective functioning of the organization are presented. Of particular empirical importance are practical recommendations for the HR manager to determine the influence of staff loyalty, based on the use of methods for assessing the level of loyalty; research into the relationship between loyalty and company performance; analysis of received materials during feedback; monitoring of key indicators of the company’s operational efficiency and effectiveness.

Intermittent theta burst stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has no additional effect on the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for acrophobia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study

Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders. Treatment guidelines recommend pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy as standard treatment. Although cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective therapeutic approach, not all patients benefit sufficiently from it. In recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, have been investigated as promising adjuncts in the treatment of affective disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a combination of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and virtual reality exposure therapy leads to a significantly greater reduction in acrophobia than virtual reality exposure with sham stimulation. In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, 43 participants with acrophobia received verum or sham iTBS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex prior to two sessions of virtual reality exposure therapy. Stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with iTBS was motivated by an experimental study showing a positive effect on extinction memory retention. Acrophobic symptoms were assessed using questionnaires and two behavioral approach tasks one week before, after treatment and six months after the second diagnostic session. The results showed that two sessions of virtual reality exposure therapy led to a significant reduction in acrophobic symptoms, with an overall remission rate of 79 %. However, there was no additional effect of iTBS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the therapeutic effects. Further research is needed to determine how exactly a combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation and exposure therapy should be designed to enhance efficacy.