Rates Of Behavior Research Articles

The use of online interactive teaching mode in university music teaching under the background of informationization

Abstract This research method uses vocal recognition, classroom interaction analysis and social network analysis theory to cluster audio data through the process of data collection and feature extraction, active speech detection and speaker change detection, and finally quantifies and visualizes classroom data based on S-T analysis and social network analysis methods, and calculates corresponding indicators for qualitative analysis. After reforming the teaching mode, 80% of students expressed great satisfaction. The information-based teaching tools resulted in an overall upward trend in the grades of the three classes. In the middle and high score range of 80-89, Class 1 increased by 34%, Class 2 by 37%, and Class 3 by 28%, and all three classes showed a more significant increase. Regarding classroom interaction behaviors, teachers' verbal behavior rates decreased from 55.86% and 44.01% to 27.48%, while students' verbal behavior rates increased from 21.92% and 21.23% to 39.73%.

Analysis of hindering and facilitating factors of help-seeking behavior in schizophrenia based on COM-B model: a descriptive qualitative study.

Timely and systematic professional treatment is crucial in schizophrenia prognosis, but the global rate of mental health service, now, use or help-seeking behavior is low. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants with the diagnosis of schizophrenia between October to December 2021. The participants were purposively sampled from a psychiatric hospital's. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim into NVivo 12.0. The findings were summarized under 3 themes and 12 subthemes: (1) capability (lack of knowledge due to insufficient mental health literacy or lack of insight, inability to access disease information due to a lack of mental health literacy, and symptoms-related barriers); (2) opportunity (lack of disease information sources, inability to balance work and study during prolonged hospitalization, accessibility and convenience of medical resources, and the acquisition and utilization of social support); and (3) motivation (awareness of the disease and professional treatment, negative experiences of disease episodes, past medical experience, confidence in tcuring the disease, and the fulfillment of daily life and self-worth). The medical help-seeking behavior of people with the diagnosis of schizophrenia is the result of the interaction of many barriers and facilitators, and challenges persist today. Interventions can be implemented with the BCW framework and our results to precisely eliminate delays in the diagnosis and treatment of mental problems.

Short-term outcomes from a pilot randomized controlled trial evaluating a virtual culturally adapted parenting intervention among Filipino parents of school-age children.

Filipino youth in the United States have significant behavioral health problems, including high rates of depression and suicidal behavior. Evidence-based parenting groups promote positive parenting practices and improve child behavior, yet few have been implemented online. This study tested the short-term effects of a culturally adapted hybrid version of the Incredible Years School Age Basic and Advance Programs when delivered online among groups of parents of Filipino children and estimated intervention effect sizes. Forty-nine parents of children aged 8-12 years recruited from schools, clinics, community organizations, and social media were randomly assigned to intervention or a wait-list control group that received literature from the American Academy of Pediatrics' Bright Futures program. The intervention consisted of 12 weekly 2-hr sessions. Parent perceptions of child behavior, parenting practices, and parenting stress as well as child surveys of anxiety and depression symptoms using validated assessments were obtained at baseline and 3-month postintervention follow-up. Forty parents completed both baseline and follow-up surveys with a mean attendance of 9.35 out of 12 sessions (n = 18). Analysis of covariance comparing 3-month (pre-/postintervention) changes revealed that the program had a statistically significant positive impact on parenting practices (positive verbal discipline, praise and incentives, and clear expectations); parent perceptions of their child's internalizing symptoms; and child-reported anxiety and depression symptoms. Results support the feasibility and potential effectiveness of offering an online evidence-based parenting program to promote positive parenting and decrease child anxiety and depression. This multigenerational approach to mental health prevention could potentially help address the growing mental health epidemic among youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Seasonal variation in the balance and strength of cooperative and competitive behavior in patches of blue mussels.

Aggregation into groups may affect performance of individuals through the balance and strength of facilitative versus competitive interactions. We studied in situ how seasonal variation in abiotic environment affects this balance for blue mussels, a semi-sessile species. We hypothesize that seasonal variation in stresses and resources affects the strength of the interaction. We expected that, in benign conditions (here: high food availability, medium temperatures, low hydrodynamic stress), performance is dominated by growth and is better at low densities, while at adverse conditions (here: low food availability, low or high temperatures, high hydrodynamic stress), performance is dominated by survival and higher at high densities. Mussels were kept in shallow subtidal exclosures at 10 different densities for a one-month period. This exact procedure was repeated seven times at the same location within a one-year period. We measured development in mussel patch shape, performance, and environmental parameters. Environmental conditions for mussels were most benign in summer and most adverse in winter. Patches developed into less complex shapes at lower densities, but also after stronger hydrodynamic disturbances. Towards summer, mussels became more active, aggregation behavior increased, and interactions became more pronounced. Towards winter, mussels became less active: aggregation behavior and growth rates declined and at the lowest temperatures survival started to decrease with mussel density. Survival and growth (by proxy of mussel condition) were both density-dependent; however, contrary to our expectations we found positive interactions between density and survival at the most benign conditions in summer and negative interactions at the most adverse conditions in winter. In between the two seasons, the strength of the interactions increased towards summer and decreased towards winter following a bell-shaped pattern. This pattern might be explained by the environmental mediated aggregation behavior of the mussels. The obvious seasonal pattern in balance and strength of density-dependent interactions demonstrates that strength and direction of intra-specific interactions are both strongly affected by environmental context.

Effect of strain rate on the deformation of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy at cryogenic temperature

This study investigates the tensile behavior and strain rate sensitivity (SRS) of a commercial Al6061-T6 Al alloy at various temperatures (i.e., 20, −50, and −150 °C). Uniaxial tensile tests were performed at the quasi-static strain rates of 10−2, 10–3, and 10−4 s−1. A significant improvement in mechanical properties was found at the cryogenic temperature (CT), due to the enhanced work-hardening behavior during CT deformation. The SRS exponent changed from a slightly positive value at RT to a negative one as the temperature is lowered. The dislocation density was evaluated for the samples strained to 5 and 8% at 20 °C and −150 °C using X-ray diffraction to probe the strengthening mechanisms during RT and CT deformation. The dislocation density was higher for the strain rate of 10−2 s−1 at RT and 10−4 s−1 for CT. In addition, electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) based kernel average misorientation (KAM) and coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundary distribution analysis were conducted on the initial and 8% strain-interrupted samples at both temperatures to explain the effect of temperature and strain rate on work hardening behavior. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied to investigate the dislocation structures under different strain rate and temperatures. The cryogenically deformed sample exhibited a distinctive dislocation tangling phenomenon in proximity of the grain boundary, In contrast, the room temperature deformed sample demonstrated dislocation penetration occurring at the grain boundary. The character of SRS and improved work-hardening behavior can be attributed to changing dislocation kinetics with decreasing stacking fault energy (SFE) at cryogenic temperature.

Multibubble Behavior and Solid Circulation Rate in a Gas–Liquid–Solid Circulating Microfluidized Bed

Multibubble Behavior and Solid Circulation Rate in a Gas–Liquid–Solid Circulating Microfluidized Bed

Ex Vivo Calcium Imaging for Drosophila Model of Epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, partially correlated with genetic origin, affecting over 70 million individuals worldwide. Despite the clinical importance of epilepsy, the functional analysis of neural activity in the central nervous system is still to be developed. Recent advancements in imaging technology, in combination with stable expression of genetically encoded calcium indicators, such as GCaMP6, have revolutionized the study of epilepsy at both brain-wide and single-cell resolution levels. Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a tool for investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying epilepsy due to its sophisticated molecular genetics and behavioral assays. In this study, we present a novel and efficient protocol for ex vivo calcium imaging in GCaMP6-expressing adult Drosophila to monitor epileptiform activities. The whole brain is prepared from cac, a well-known epilepsy gene, knockdown flies for calcium imaging with a confocal microscope to identify the neural activity as a follow-up to the bang-sensitive seizure-like behavior assay. The cac knockdown flies showed a higher rate of seizure-like behavior and abnormal calcium activities, including more large spikes and fewer small spikes than wild-type flies. The calcium activities were correlated to seizure-like behavior. This methodology serves as an efficient methodology in screening the pathogenic genes for epilepsy and exploring the potential mechanism of epilepsy at the cellular level.

Child and Adolescent Psychopathology and Subsequent Harmful Behaviors Associated with Premature Mortality: A Selective Review and Future Directions.

In the United States (U.S.), premature mortality in adulthood from suicide, alcohol-related disease, and substance overdoses has increased steadily over the past two decades. To better understand these trends, it is necessary to first examine the harmful behaviors that often precede these preventable deaths (i.e., suicidal ideation and attempts, and harmful alcohol and substance use). Representing critical developmental periods in which psychopathology is most likely to emerge, childhood and adolescence provide an informative lens through which to investigate susceptibility to harmful behaviors. This article synthesizes current evidence describing these rising U.S. mortality rates and the prevalence rates of harmful behaviors linked to these types of mortality. A brief selective review of longitudinal research on harmful behaviors in relation to the most relevant categories of child and adolescent psychopathology is then provided. Finally, recommendations for future research and implications for prevention are discussed.

Heavy Metal Pollution in the Aquatic System and Their Toxicological Effects on Clarias Batrachus

Heavy metal pollution has emerged as a prominent environmental concern, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. This study delves deep into the impact of such pollutants on Clarias batrachus, a species intrinsic to the health and balance of freshwater habitats. By assessing variations in behaviour, physiology, and survival rates, the research underscores the peril these pollutants pose to C. batrachus. Furthermore, the study elucidates various mitigation strategies, emphasizing their significance in not just salvaging the populations of this species but also in reinstating the holistic well-being of our aquatic ecosystems. The findings underscore the urgent need for interdisciplinary interventions to combat the looming threat of heavy metal pollution.

Acute and 28-Day Repeated-Dose Oral Toxicity of the Herbal Formula Guixiong Yimu San in Mice and Sprague-Dawley Rats.

To evaluate the acute and chronic 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity of Guixiong Yimu San (GYS) in mice and rats, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the stachydrine hydrochloride in GYS as the quality control. In the acute toxicity trial, the mice were administered orally at a dose rate of 30.0 g GYS/kg body weight (BW) three times a day. The general behavior, side effects, and death rate were noticed for 14 days following treatment. In the subacute toxicity trial, the rats were administered orally at a dose rates of30.0, 15.0, and 7.5 g GYS/kg BW once a day for 28 days. The rats were monitored every day for clinical signs and deaths; changes in body weight and relative organ weights (ROW) were recorded every week, hematological, biochemical, and pathological parameters were also examined at the end of treatment. The results showed that the level of stachydrine hydrochloride in GYS was 2.272 mg/g. In the acute toxicity trial, the maximum-tolerated dose of GYS was more than 90.0 g/kg BW, and no adverse effects or mortalities were noticed during the 14 days in the mice. At the given dose, there were no death or toxicity signs all through the 28-day subacute toxicity trial.The oral administration of GYS at a dose rate of 30.0 g/kg/day BW had no substantial effects on BW, ROW, blood hematology, gross pathology, histopathology, and biochemistry (except glucose), so 30.0 g/kg BW/day was determined as the no-observed-adverse-effect dosage.

Validation of a culturally sensitive, Swahili-translated instrument to assess suicide risk among adults living with HIV in Tanzania.

In Tanzania, there are high rates of suicidal thoughts and behavior among people living with HIV (PLWH), yet few instruments exist for effective screening and referral. To address this gap, we developed and validated Swahili translations of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Screen Version and two accompanying scales assessing self-efficacy to avoid suicidal action and reasons for living. We administered a structured survey to 80 PLWH attending two HIV clinics in Moshi, Tanzania. Factor analysis of the items revealed four subscales: suicide intensity, self-efficacy to avoid suicide, fear and social concern about suicide, and family and spirituality deterrents to suicide. The area under the receiver operating curve showed only suicide intensity, and fear and social concern met the prespecified cutoff of ≥0.7 in accurately identifying patients with a plan and intent to act on suicidal thoughts. This study provides early evidence that brief screening of intensity of suicidality in the past month, assessed by the C-SSRS Screen Version, is a strong, resource-efficient strategy for identifying suicide risk in the Tanzanian setting. Patients who report little fear of dying and low concern about social perceptions of suicide may also be at increased risk.

Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Biology and Treatment Implications.

Stem cells differentiate into mature organ/tissue-specific cells at a steady pace under normal conditions, but their growth can be accelerated during the process of tissue healing or in the context of certain diseases. It is postulated that the proliferation and growth of carcinomas are sustained by the presence of a vital cellular compartment resembling stem cells residing in normal tissues: 'stem-like cancer cells' or cancer stem cells (CSCs). Mutations in prostate stem cells can lead to the formation of prostate cancer. Prostate CSCs (PCSCs) have been identified and partially characterized. These express surface markers include CD44, CD133, integrin α2β1, and pluripotency factors like OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2. Several signaling pathways are also over-activated, including Notch, PTEN/Akt/PI3K, RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and HH. Moreover, PCSCs appear to induce resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while their presence has been linked to aggressive cancer behavior and higher relapse rates. The development of treatment policies to target PCSCs in tumors is appealing as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, through cancer cell killing, trigger tumor repopulation via activated stem cells. Thus, blocking this reactive stem cell mobilization may facilitate a positive outcome through cytotoxic treatment.

How Do Ethically Minded Consumers Explain Intention-Behavior Gap? Barriers to Ethical Purchasing in Turkey

Although consumers usually have positive attitudes and intentions towards purchasing ethical products, the rate of actual ethical purchasing behavior is relatively low. This research aims to identify barriers to ethical purchasing behavior faced by ethically minded consumers. In order to determine the factors that prevent behavioral intention from translating into actual behavior, a qualitative research was conducted. In-depth interviews indicate that ethically minded consumers face four different barriers in terms of ethical purchasing behavior, which are: (1) search difficulty and availability, (2) price, (3) skepticism, and (4) functional expectations. In addition to in-depth interviews, quantitative data was obtained from a larger sample (n = 349) of ethically minded consumers in order to understand the importance of identified barriers. Descriptive statistics of the responses to Ethical Purchasing Barriers Scale items confirm that ethically minded consumers need to overcome information search difficulty, low availability, high prices, low trust and insufficient functional features which are beyond individual factors and need to be solved at the institutional level.

Efficacy of Edible and Leisure Reinforcers with Domestic Dogs.

Preference assessments are often used to identify stimuli that function as potential reinforcers for training or intervention purposes. Specifically, various preference assessment formats have been used to identify preferred stimuli for humans, cockroaches, cotton-top tamarins, tortoises, and wolves, to name a few. However, to date, no study has evaluated the differential efficacy between food and leisure stimuli within domestic dogs. The current study aimed to compare the reinforcing value and efficacy between food and leisure stimuli for domestic dogs by comparing rates of behavior when receiving access to either their top-preferred food or leisure items. Overall results suggest (1) domestic dogs prefer food over leisure items, and (2) food is more likely to function as a reinforcer than leisure items for domestic dog's behavior. These results suggest that dog owners and trainers should consider using food reinforcers over leisure items as reinforcers when attempting to train dogs.

Coping Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Sexual and Gender Identity

ABSTRACT National polls have shown that COVID-19 has been highly stressful, negatively affecting well-being and life satisfaction overall, but few studies have focused on individuals with sexual and gender diverse identities. Pandemic-related stress may increase engagement in adverse or negative health-related coping behaviors and decrease engagement in positive coping strategies, potentially exacerbating existing LGBTQ+ health disparities. Relying on a nationally representative population-based sample, we examine disparities in rates of negative and positive COVID-19 coping behaviors by sexual and gender identities. Using Poisson regression models adjusted for key sociodemographic and pandemic related factors, we found higher rates of negative and positive coping behaviors among certain sexual and gender diverse groups compared to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. Specifically, we find that lesbian and gay respondents reported more positive and negative coping strategies compared to heterosexual persons. We also found higher rates of negative coping behaviors among plurisexual (bisexual, pansexual, omnisexual) and noncisgender adults (transgender or other nonbinary gender identity) compared to heterosexual and cisgender adults, respectively. We contribute to prior studies by focusing on both negative and positive pandemic related coping among sexually and gender diverse populations. These responses to the pandemic may have long-term implications for the health and well-being of sexual and gender diverse individuals.

HEALTH OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS IS THE WELL-BEING OF THE NATION

Physical and mental health of the people plays an important role in sustainable development. Healthy mind and safe circumstances are more important in situations where decisions and actions involving the life and death of people are taken, as in the field of medicine. Recent studies have revealed that the rate of major depression and suicidal behaviour is on the rise among healthcare workers due to stressful working conditions.

Determination of Energy Absorption Capabilities of Shear Thickening Fluid Impregnated Aramid Fiber Fabrics for Ballistic Applications

Low velocity impact behavior of shear thickening fluid (STF) impregnated aramid fabric having different number of layers had been investigating throughout this study to determine a relationship between number of layers and perforation energy. Firstly, STF solutions including polyethylene glycol, silica nanoparticles and ethanol were prepared by mixing a homogenizer. Solutions containing 20% silica nanoparticles by weight were used in this study. Rheological analysis was performed to observe thickening behavior of solution. After thickening behavior and critical shear rate was determined from rheological analysis, solution was impregnated into aramid fabric. Then, specimens having different number of layers from 1 to 8 were prepared for low velocity impact experiments. A drop weight impact test was applied at different energy levels and perforation energy was determined. Finally, a curve fitting equation was found to use it for potential energy absorption applications such as ballistic impact.

Individual identification of endangered amphibians using deep learning and smartphone images: case study of the Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus)

Information obtained via individual identification is invaluable for ecology and conservation. Physical tags, such as PIT tags and GPS, have been used for individual identification; however, these methods could impact on animal behavior and survival rates, and the tags may become lost. Although non-invasive methods that do not affect the target species (such as manual photoidentification) are available, these techniques utilize stripes and spots that are unique to the individual, which requires training, and applying them to large datasets is challenging. Many studies that have applied deep learning for identification have focused on species-level identification, but few have addressed individual-level identification. In this study, we developed an image-based identification method based on deep learning that uses the head spot pattern of the Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus), an endemic and endangered species in Japan. We trained and evaluated a dataset collected over two days from 11 individuals in captivity, which included 7075 images taken by a smartphone camera. Individuals were photographed three times a day at approximately 11:00 (morning), 15:00 (afternoon), and 18:00 (evening). As a result, individual identification by our method, which used the EfficientNetV2 achieved 99.86% accuracy, kappa coefficient of 0.99, and an F1 score of 0.99. Performance was lower for the evening model than for the morning and afternoon models, which were trained and evaluated using photographs taken at the corresponding time of the day. The proposed method does not require direct contact with the target species, and the effect on the animals is minimal; moreover, individual-level information can be obtained under natural conditions. In the future, smartphone images can be applied to citizen science surveys and individual-level big data collection, which is difficult using current methods.

Assessment of Bulk Oxygen Capacity and Transient Redox Behavior of Foamed Lanthanum Strontium Manganese Perovskites

Abstract Synthesis of solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) production redox materials with engineered structures, for example, replica foams, can enable efficient heat and mass transport and are critical for scaled-up systems. Prior work has motivated the use of lanthanum strontium manganese (LSM)-type perovskites as foamed STCH materials, but the effect of their morphology on bulk and kinetic behavior has not been reported. In this work, replica and direct foamed samples of La0.65Sr0.35MnO3-δ (LSM35) were fabricated and compared to synthesized powders and dense monoliths, and similarly synthesized CeO2-δ (ceria) foams, regarding their specific reaction rates and bulk oxygen capacity/H2 yields. Changes in oxygen capacity (Δδ) and reaction rates were measured between 1200 °C and 1400 °C by using fixed ratios of steam and hydrogen during both reduction and oxidation steps, allowing for analysis under practical high conversion conditions. Results suggest bulk behavior and reaction rates of the foamed LSM materials are comparable to their powder analogues. Differences in reaction rates were observed only when replica foamed samples were subjected to rapid laser heating (emulating conditions expected in solar furnaces), which is expected but has not been demonstrated at such a small scale. Foamed samples were further subjected to 50 redox cycles at 1400 °C to evaluate their stability. Results show no statistically significant decrease in hydrogen production for any of the foamed samples, but the direct foamed samples became brittle with time. Together, these results demonstrate the viability of replica foamed LSM perovskites for integration in scaled-up STCH systems.

Deep learning-based prediction of lithium-ion batteries state of charge for electric vehicles in standard driving cycle

Significant climatic shifts occurred during this period, resulting in threatening consequences for people's lives and industries. Global warming is one of the most serious consequences of these climate changes, and it has disastrous consequences for daily human existence. The utilization of public transportation has been encouraged at the societal level as a solution. An all-electric vehicle is evaluated in this research paper. Using two various types of regular driving cycles, we were able to evaluate the battery performance of electric vehicles (EVs). The variables influencing vehicle performance, such as battery state of charge (SOC), energy consumption, and battery functioning temperature, are investigated. The results demonstrate that the rate of urban traveling significantly impacts travel efficiency and the range. In addition, owing to the significance of battery capacity, the influences of different variables on forecasting battery state of charge were assessed in the second step. The results show that the driving behavior and acceleration rate of the vehicle influence the SOC of the battery. The results of this study also showed that city driving has a significant effect on Ev performance in the travel distance range.