Behavior Of Waste Research Articles

Pyrolysis of Aloe vera leaf wastes for biochar production: Kinetics and thermodynamics analysis

The large waste potential of biomass, which is used extensively industrially, is a problem that needs to be solved both environmentally and economically. In this context, the conversion of these wastes into valuable solid products by thermochemical conversion processes is considered a very important alternative. In this study, it was aimed to examine the pyrolytic behavior of Aloe vera leaf waste, determine the pyrolysis kinetic parameters and characterize the biochar obtained as a result of pyrolysis at different temperatures. The pyrolytic behavior of this waste at temperatures between 25 and 600 °C and heating rates of 5, 10, 20 and 40 °C min−1 were investigated by thermogravimetric method. The pyrolysis kinetic parameters of these wastes were calculated using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunosa (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods. According to the results obtained, the pyrolysis of Aloe vera waste took place in 3 stages (moisture removal, devolatilization and char formation) and approximately 65% of the mass was removed from the structure. The activation energy values calculated by KAS and FWO methods for the devolatilization and char formation stages were found to be approximately 185 kJ mol−1 and 335 kJ mol−1, respectively. According to the kinetic and characterization results obtained, it has been understood that Aloe vera leaf wastes are a very suitable source for biochar production and biochar obtained can be evaluated in different areas such as adsorption, agriculture and combustion.

Food waste: causes and economic losses estimation at household level in Pakistan.

Food waste is one of the major sustainability issues that need to be addressed due to its negative impacts on the economy, environment, and food security. To develop food waste reduction policies on regional and global level, it is mandatory to have a clear understanding of the various factors prompting food waste at household level and the extent of the economic losses incurred by food waste. Reducing food waste can decrease household expenditure on food, freeing resources for health, education, and well-being. The current study was aimed to (1) examine the food waste behavior of the respondents and to (2) determine the level of monetary losses from food waste. To address these objectives, a questionnaire survey and sample of food waste generated during 24 h were collected from 51 households in Tehsil Kahror Pakka, District Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan. The survey focus was on levels of food waste and respondents' knowledge and behaviors about food waste. Economic estimation of food waste was also done. In the survey, respondents from both high- and low-income households revealed that their fruit and vegetables (31%; 32%) and peel and scrap (53%; 48%) losses were higher while egg losses (4%; 4%) were lower among various food waste categories. Wanting to eat fresh food and having no time to save food were the reasons for food waste. Monetary losses from food waste (US$ 12.8/Rs. 3677.01 per capita per annum) were higher in high-income households compared to low-income households.

Household food waste and theory of planned behavior: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The darker side of food behavior is that millions of tons of food have been shown the doors of garbage. Therefore, food waste behavior needs an eye to look upon. The purpose of this research is to inculcate the concept of systematic literature review along with meta-analysis in order to examine the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with respect to food waste behavior. The methodology includes Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) that is conducted for the identification, screening, and inclusion of studies. In all, twenty-six independent studies with (N = 13373) met the inclusion criteria. For validating the related literature, random-effects meta-analysis has been applied for ascertaining the average correlation among the variables. More specifically, the present study also examines the sub-group analysis effect among TPB variables. The findings reveal that the strongest association was observed between Attitude and Intention followed by Subjective Norm(SN) and Intention(INT), Perceived Behavioral Control(PBC) and Intention, and Intention and Behavior. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis using multi-cultural groups explores the highest composite correlation in the case of other cultural groups that included countries like Canada. The outcomes of the present study seek to serve in the best interest of households, event management stakeholders, and food policy makers.

Determinants of household food waste behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran: an integrated model

Determinants of household food waste behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran: an integrated model

Forecasting the different influencing factors of household food waste behavior in China under the COVID‐19 pandemic

AbstractAt present, both developed and developing countries around the world are facing a serious problem of household food waste. The current state of food waste cannot be ignored, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study examined the effects of psychological level factors, cultural level factors, and situational level factors on household food waste behavior in China. Besides, the factors affecting household food waste behavior were identified and evaluated using the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model. In this study, participants (N = 337) completed a questionnaire assessing their household food waste behavior. We found that COVID‐19 food supply restriction, budget constraints, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control have a positive significant impact on residents' intention to reduce food waste. The result unveiled that perceived health risks, herd mentality, status display face consciousness, and other‐oriented face consciousness have a negative significant impact on residents' intention to reduce food waste. We tested the mediating effect of intention to reduce food waste between antecedent variables and household food waste behavior. The study adds to the academic literature and practical implication on Chinese household food waste behavior by combining numerous factors on a single model, grounded in the TPB.

Factors of Food Waste Reduction Underlying the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior: A Study of Consumer Behavior towards the Intention to Reduce Food Waste

Food waste represents an economic, environmental, and social threat, which makes it an important subject of investigation. Food waste behavior has a crucial effect on everyone’s food security, food safety, economic growth, and the environment; hence, it requires further analysis. The article’s objective is to study the food waste reduction behavior of individual consumers and to examine factors which can explain the intention to reduce food waste. The study’s conceptual foundation is the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which aims to explain the relationship between an individual’s attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The paper extends the TPB by including new factors such as environmental concern, perceived ascription of responsibility, marketing addiction, moral norm, and waste preventing behavior. The data were collected via quota sampling and examined using the structural equation modeling (SEM). The study employed a sample of 369 people in Thailand. The results show that waste preventing behavior, attitude, and perceived behavioral control significantly impact the intention to reduce food waste. The subjective norm and environmental concern positively affects the attitude, which subsequently impacts the intention to reduce food waste. Marketing addiction negatively impacts perceived behavioral control and, hence, increases food waste. This research paper enlarges the understanding of the intention to minimize food waste. Moreover, it points out the implications on how consumers and the government may improve the desire to decrease food waste.

The aftermath of COVID-19 impacts: examining the impact of COVID-19 on residents' current food waste behavior

The aftermath of COVID-19 impacts: examining the impact of COVID-19 on residents' current food waste behavior

Individual Differences in Plate Wasting Behavior: The Roles of Dispositional Greed, Impulsivity, Food Satisfaction, and Ecolabeling.

This study examines the effects of dispositional greed, impulsivity, food satisfaction, and ecolabeling on consumers' plate waste in all-inclusive hotels. Using a moderated mediation research model, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1253 tourists of different nationalities, all staying in five-star hotels in Alanya, Türkiye. The results show that both dispositional greed and impulsivity positively predict and significantly contribute to plate waste. Conversely, food satisfaction was found to be an influential variable that moderates the effects of greed and impulsivity on plate waste, highlighting its critical role in waste reduction strategies. Ecolabels, despite their intended purpose, were not found to have a significant impact on consumer attitudes toward plate waste. Future research is encouraged to explore strategies to counteract dispositional greed and impulsivity, given their significant impact on plate waste behavior. At the same time, refining methods to promote food satisfaction and the effective use of ecolabels may contribute significantly to reducing plate waste in all-inclusive resorts. This research contributes to our understanding of the psychological factors that influence consumer behavior in buffet settings and provides guidance to hospitality industry practitioners seeking to reduce waste.

Effects of irradiation behavior on physicochemical properties of glassy radioactive contaminated soil containing various contents of actinides nuclear waste

The evaluation of radiation resistance of the treated radioactive contaminated soil is crucial. The irradiation behavior of simulated radioactive soil waste irradiated with 1.5 MeV Xe20+ ions at fluences of 1 × 1012-1 × 1015 ions/cm2 was studied. Before the irradiation experiment, all the samples were sintered by microwave. The results showed that microwave sintering may be used to treat radioactive contaminated soil. In addition, the irradiation experiment results show that when the Nd2O3 content was low (<20 wt.%), the irradiation has little effect on the sample. When the Nd2O3 content was higher, the Vickers hardness of the sample (25 wt.%) decreased by 7 % at a fluence of 1 × 1015 ions/cm2, which may be due to the high Nd2O3 content that destroyed the overall stability of the glass waste form. The low normalized leaching rate of the irradiated sample (LRNd, ∼10-6 g·m-2·d-1) also proved that it had good aqueous durability. Moreover, the radiation resistance of the sample was illustrated by studying the influence mechanism of 1.5 MeV Xe20+ irradiation on radioactive contaminated soil. This work can help to study the environmental pollution problems of radioactive contaminated soil containing various contents of actinide nuclear waste.

Pyrolysis kinetics and thermal degradation characteristics of coffee, date seed, and prickly pear wastes and their blends

This study's objective was to emphasize the renewable lignocellulosic biomasses' energy potential by thermally describing them. The TG/DTG/DTA procedures were used to examine the thermal pyrolysis behavior of coffee wastes (CW), date seeds (DSM), prickly pears (PP), and two blends (50%CW/50%DSM and 33.3%CW/33.3%DSM/33.3%PP by weight), and their physico-chemical compositions were identified and assessed. The activation energy (E) of all tested samples was predicted using iso-conversional models like Friedman (FR), Starink (ST), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), and the frequency factor (A) was calculated based on the acquired (E) values utilizing the chemical reaction mechanisms (C1–C8). SEM, EDX, and FTIR techniques were used to examine the microstructure, mineralogy, and functional group present in the studied samples. Every DTG profile displayed a rightward shift when the heating rate (β) rose to higher temperatures. The difference in the average activation energy (Eav) values between the ST, OFW, and KAS models, except for the blend (1), does not surpass 5 kJ/mole. Increases in the (β) value, particularly for blends, were significantly correlated with increases in the maximum pyrolysis rate (−RP), pyrolysis index (CPI), pyrolysis stability index (RW), and volatile release index (Ddev). The ΔGav discrepancies between the results from all kinetic models for all samples varied from 1 to 7 kJ/mole. A little potential energy barrier was noticed when comparing the (Eav) to the average enthalpy (ΔHav).

Investigating acid mine drainage potential and alteration properties of Zn-Pb wastes from Görgü (Malatya, Türkiye) region

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the main causes of environmental threats resulting from mining activities, yet efficient characterization and prediction of AMD potential of wastes play an important role in preventing AMD. In this study, the chemical and mineralogical properties of fresh waste samples, collected from waste ponds of the Görgü (Malatya) zinc-lead ore processing plant, were determined and the results were used to explain its AMD potential. Alteration properties of the wastes in water was investigated by monitoring certain properties of the prepared suspension with respect time. Additionally, pyrite concentrate particles were added into the suspensions at certain proportions to evaluate its effect on the AMD generation and alteration. Analysis and test results showed that the raw waste was rich in carbonate and poor in pyritic sulfur, and hence did not have the AMD generation potential. The pH, electrical conductivity, and metal ions concentrations of the suspension medium were determined at regular intervals, and obtained data were found very beneficial to explain the time-dependent behavior of waste in water. After the depletion of liquid in the suspension, the remained solid residuals were chemically and mineralogically analyzed to compare with raw waste. It was concluded that sufficient aeration and stirring of suspension is required for noticeable alteration of the waste.

Food Appreciation Scale Development and Dimensionality Assessment.

Food appreciation has been associated with favorable dietary and food waste behaviors. However, no validated food appreciation assessment currently exists. This study aimed to develop and validate a food appreciation scale (FAS) using data from two independent US-based samples recruited online. The 29-item FAS was based on existing literature regarding appreciation as a psychological construct, mindful eating, and epicurean tendencies. In Study 1, 311 participants completed the FAS, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted. In Study 2, 300 participants completed the FAS, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine whether the factor structure remained consistent. The EFA indicated a good model fit for a four-factor structure after excluding six items that loaded on multiple or no factors (TLI 0.95, CFI 0.97, SRMR 0.03, RMSEA 0.05), and Cronbach's alpha indicated excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha values 0.82-0.9). The CFA confirmed the four-factor structure (TLI 0.97, CFI 0.98, SRMR 0.08, RMSEA 0.05) and acceptable factor loadings with a simple structure. The factors assessed active food appreciation, reflective food appreciation, mindful epicurean tendencies, and food-related rituals. The validated FAS could allow researchers to assess food appreciation, measure changes in food appreciation over time, and compare food appreciation among different study populations.

From the shopping basket to the landfill: Drivers of consumer food waste behaviour

The EU, where nearly 57 million tonnes of food waste are generated annually, has set a target to halve this amount by 2030. However, the amount of food waste produced varies greatly between EU countries. While several EU countries are far from reaching this target, the Czech Republic already meets it. Despite this, little to no attention is paid to Czech consumers' food waste behaviour. This study responds to the unfulfilled need by drawing attention to food waste and its reduction, and possibly even serving as a model example for the EU target. We identify key factors influencing food waste by conducting a survey with 1,551 respondents on stated preferences. The results using the PLS-SEM approach show that the price of food does not have as great an impact on the level of food waste as its characteristics or planning, which is part of consumers' purchasing behaviour. Furthermore, consumers' attitudes and awareness of food waste reduce food losses. The causes of food waste remain decidedly similar before and during the pandemic COVID-19, except that people paid more attention to food attributes during the pandemic. Product attributes are an essential part of decision-making, especially for women and people with higher levels of education. We conclude that it is desirable to sufficiently educate and teach consumers to properly plan their consumption and better estimate the amount of food needed when shopping, which should be a conscious decision rather than an impulsive one.

Like grandmother, like mother, like daughter? Intergenerational influence on consumer intention to reduce food waste

Little is known about the psychological antecedents of personal norms towards food waste reduction albeit such knowledge is key for the design of mitigation interventions at the consumer level. Personal norms to reduce food waste can be formed at an early age and transferred in a family from generation to generation. Filial piety, or the cultural trait of respect for the elderly, can reinforce personal norms and facilitate their intergenerational transfer. This study extends the norm activation model (NAM) to explore the effect of filial piety on consumer intention to reduce food waste. To this end, the study captures the effect of three family generations i.e., grandmothers, mothers, and daughters, on different NAM constructs. The results of a survey in Turkey (n = 311), a country with traditions of respect for (grand)parents, demonstrate a strong effect of filial piety and intergenerational influence on all NAM constructs except for ascription of responsibility. The intergenerational variations in this influence showcase the growing role of secularisation, urbanisation, and media in shaping personal norms of the modern consumer. The implications for theory, practice, and methodology of research on food waste behaviour are discussed.

أسس النزاهة المالية وتطبيقاتها في الشريعة الإسلامية

The study of the foundations of integrity and its applications in Islamic law stems from the priorities of reality, the requirements of safety of life, the development of society, and the success of economic and social life. This study came to show the foundations of integrity based on the legal evidence from the Holy Qur’an and the Noble Hadith, which included the method of trading public and private money and how to deal with job holders, and this is the first goal that the study sought to achieve, and revealed a number of provisions that preserve money and make disposal It is for the wise, and the hands of the foolish are restrained from it, and the basis of financial dealings is established on the basis of trust. For this reason, cheating, deceit, bribery, theft, and other things that mean encroaching on money are prohibited. As for the second objective represented in the legal applications, he studied a selected group of noble hadiths that give the reader an integrated picture of the comprehensiveness of these applications and their complete agreement with the provisions of the Noble Qur’an and the noble hadith, and at the same time make money a high value, preventing encroachment on it, whether it is little or a lot, and closes the outlets Deception and manipulation under the name of gift, favoritism, or others, noting that the meanings of the legal texts and their applications provide the basic foundation for fair financial action, far from extravagance, waste, or irresponsible behavior. The study concluded with some recommendations related to its subject.

Exploring Causes and Potential Solutions for Food Waste among Young Consumers.

Young consumers are often described as innovative and concerned about the environment. However, their practices sometimes are not strong enough, which are described as the attitude-behavior gap and are seen in significant amounts of food waste. The objective of this study is to focus on food waste among young consumers in high-income countries and to outline the main determinants of food waste generation. Qualitative data gathered from nine focus groups in Lithuania, Finland and Denmark (2021-2022) contribute to formulating potential intervention to decrease food waste behavior within this segment. The article provides a substantial literature review on food waste and discusses recommendations for possible interventions and further research to solve the attitude-behavior gap. The findings show four specific fields for potential solutions, related to (1) special occasions, (2) assessing food quality, (3) kitchen habits, and (4) shopping habits. Our contribution is discussed at the end of the article.

Household food waste behaviour in Sarawak, Malaysia: a hierarchical regression analysis

INTRODUCTION: Food and Agriculture Organization defines food waste as the reductionin the nutritional value or mass of any edible part of food intended for human consumption.Malaysia produces approximately 17 thousand tons of food waste daily, which can threaten theenvironment. Present study aims to apply the Theory of Planned Behaviour to identify the factorsassociated with food waste behaviour in Sarawak.METHODS: A study was conducted between October 2020 and August 2022 using cross-sectionalstudy design. Households across Sarawak state were chosen using multistage random samplingtechnique. 2,059 respondents' data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Data analysiswas performed using SPSS version 27.0 with a p-value of &lt; 0.05 being considered statisticallysignificant.RESULTS: Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that personal attitude (p &lt; 0.001),subjective norms (p &lt; 0.01), age (p &lt; 0.05), gender (p &lt; 0.05) and wealth (p &lt; 0.01) positivelyand age inversely related with intentions not to waste food, while personal attitude (p &lt; 0.001),subjective norms (p &lt; 0.001), inversely related and perceived behavioural control (p &lt; 0.001),and intentions (p &lt; 0.05), age (p &lt; 0.01) and gender (p &lt; 0.01) positively related with food wastebehaviour.CONCLUSION: Results from the present study can strengthen the understanding of food wastebehaviour among the Sarawak population. Long-term programs focusing on reducing food wastebehaviour would be more effective in tackling this issue, as changing attitudes and norms in thecommunity usually require a long time.

Development of Ca(OH)2-based geopolymer for additive manufacturing using construction wastes and nanomaterials

Recent growth in additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing in the construction field has motivated the development of various materials that vary in its composition and properties. This paper introduces, characterizes, and evaluates the performance of a sustainable and environmentally friendly geopolymer mixture composed of construction wastes. The geopolymer mixture has calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) as the main alkaline activator and incorporates nanomaterials such as nano-silica and nano-clay to enhance its suitability for AM. The combined use of Ca(OH)2 for alkali activation, and nanomaterials for tailoring the behavior of construction wastes for 3D printing, is novel and addresses the shortcomings of conventional alkaline activators. The paper includes the outcomes of the analysis of the mechanical properties, printability, and microstructure of the geopolymer mixture. The 28-day compressive strength of the mixture reached 42 MPa with ambient temperature curing, which is comparable to traditional geopolymers. The inclusion of 1 wt % of nano-silica accelerated the geopolymerization process and led to the largest (35 %) reduction in the setting time. Similarly, incorporating 1 wt % of nano-clay led to reduction of the thermal conductivity from 0.709 W/mK to 0.505 W/mK, due to the introduction of thermal barriers. The printability of the studied waste-based geopolymer mixture was validated through the successful fabrication of a 3D-printed model.

Factors Related to Plastic Waste Management in the Community around Thachin Basin, Thailand: A Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis

Introduction: Solid waste is a global problem, especially plastic waste, which can spread and pollute various elements of the environment such as soil, river, forests, etc. The weakness of the existing plastic waste management model requires holistic management, especially in a community in the basin of Thailand. This study aims to conduct a model of plastic waste management in communities in Thachin basin.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 368 households using cluster random sampling in 4 provinces of Thailand (Chainat, Suphan Buri, Nakhon Pathom, and Samut Sakhon). Multiple logistic regressions were conducted for plastic waste situation managing in the community model.&#x0D; Results: The plastic waste situation was 6-10 pieces per household including a plastic bag, a plastic bag for food, a plastic bottle, and foam. The households had a high level of awareness of plastic waste management with middle-level of plastic waste behavior. The factors associated with plastic waste management in the community were sex (Adjusted Odds Ratio (Adj.OR) = 3.07; 95 % Confidential Interval (CI): 1.64 – 5.74), income between 5,001 – 10,000 baht (Adj.OR = 5.13; 95 % CI: 2.49 – 10.58), a member or volunteer in a community committee (Adj.OR = 0.56; 95 % CI: 0.29 – 1.09) and an awareness for plastic waste management (Adj.OR = 5.06; 95 % CI: 2.33 – 11.03).&#x0D; Conclusion: Participation of stakeholders could improve plastic waste management in the community. Moreover, stakeholders should be strategically more involved in development management and actively participate more than centralized management.

Study on the influence of different side chain structures on the pyrolysis behavior of polyolefin plastic wastes

As an important component of organic solid wastes, disposal of plastic wastes (PWs) has always been a thorny issue. Thermochemical conversion is an efficient method. In-depth research on the influence of structural differences on their pyrolysis behavior is beneficial to promote the development of thermal treatment and conversion technology of PWs. The differences in the chemical structure of different polyolefin plastics at the molecule level are mainly reflected in their side chains. Herein, a series of typical polyolefin plastics with similar backbone structure and different side chain structures, including high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), were selected for comprehensive pyrolysis characterization in this work. Advanced experimental analysis methods such as in-situ DRIFT and 2D-PCIS were adopted to investigate the evolution of two weak oxygen-containing side chains during pyrolysis of PVA and EVA, respectively. Besides, typical product distribution of six samples were systematically studied by combining SVUV-PIMS and GC/MS. Spectral analysis showed that OH side chain in macromolecular structure of PVA had the weakest thermal stability, and its oxidation reaction occurred earlier than dissociation and dehydration, while the acetoxy side chain in EVA polymers could not only be directly dissociated via deacetoxylation, but also be transformed into OH side chain via deacetylation that occurred simultaneously with deacetoxylation. Further combined with SVUV-PIMS and GC/MS, the distribution characteristics of pyrolysis products of polyolefin plastics and the rules of generation and release of typical products with temperature were obtained in detail. It was found that the release of typical oxygen-containing products was earlier or slightly earlier than the release of hydrocarbons in pyrolysis of PVA or EVA. However, the release of all hydrocarbons was almost simultaneous during the respective pyrolysis process of HDPE, PP and PS, suggesting that the evolution of oxygen-containing side chains with weak thermal stability occurred earlier under the drive of temperature. Based on the characterization results, the main evolution pathways of different side chains were proposed to explain the influence mechanism of different side chain structures on the pyrolysis behavior of polyolefin plastics. The cleavage of CC bonds mainly occurred in HDPE, PP and PS, while the evolution of side chains occurred first in PVC, PVA and EVA, and exerted different influence on the degradation of carbon skeleton.