Learner Behavior Research Articles

FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN ONLINE CLASS

Some components of learning environment might affect learner behaviors during the teaching and learning process in both face-to-face and virtual learning environments. One of those components is students’ motivation which is the best variable that affects students’ learning. Research literature consistently suggests that EFL (English as a foreign language) students’ motivation is affected by some teaching factors (Lamb, 2017). This study aims at determining the factors that increase students’ motivation in their online courses at higher education levels. In this framework, the students who were in the fourth and sixth semesters were asked to explain their opinions about the factors increasing their motivation and what can be done to increase their motivation. The students have been having online classrooms for almost four semesters. The writer employs qualitative research as the method to conduct this study. To collect the data, an interview guide is designed. Then, the research results show that the teaching- learning process, teacher’s competency, students’ engagement, online learning environment/technical infrastructure and time management could affect students’ motivation in their online courses. Besides, it is also stated that interactive assessment and evaluation would increase their motivation.

Professional Competence of Akidah Akhlak Teachers in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri

This article aims to determine the professional competence of Akidah Akhlak teachers in carrying out the teaching and learning process. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, which describes and interprets objects according to what they are to describe the overall situation or event. The results of the study revealed that Akidah Akhlak Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Medan Model has not fully implemented the professional competency indicators contained in Law Number 14 of 2005. Some of the indicators that have been applied include having knowledge and mastery of the field of study being fostered, indicators of having the right attitude towards oneself, peer schooling, and the field of study being fostered, and indicators of having teaching skills. The findings reveal that indicators that have not been fully implemented are indicators of knowing the learning and behavior of learners.

Evaluating Engagement and Learning Based on a Student Categorization using STACK, Exam Data, Key Informant Interviews, and Focus Group Discussions

Abstract—Systems for Teaching and Assessment using Computer Algebra Kernel (STACK) is a computer-aided assessment plug-in for the Moodle learning management system that provides sophisticated tools for student assessment in mathematics and related disciplines, with emphasis on formative assessment. In the last four years, IDEMS international has supported the School of Mathematics at Maseno to integrate STACK and use it in the teaching, learning, and assessment of undergraduate students in nine courses. One of the courses was “Introduction to Complex Analysis'', a third-year course shared by students taking mathematics-related programs from different faculties within Maseno. This paper reports on an evaluation of learner behavior in the Complex Analysis course using data from the STACK weekly quizzes done in that course, the final exam, 20 key informant interviews, and 4 focus group discussions.

Exploring students’ learning support use in digital game-based math learning: A mixed-methods approach using machine learning and multi-cases study

Digital game-based math learning environments (math DGBLE) are promising platforms that provide students with opportunities to master conceptual understanding and cultivate mathematical thinking, on which the contemporary mathematics education places an emphasis. Literature on learning support in digital game-based learning (DGBL) rarely investigate learners' support-use behaviors and interaction patterns in relation to math learning. We addressed this research gap in this exploratory mixed-methods study. We designed and developed a packet of learning supports (i.e., Task Planner and Math Story) in a math DGBLE. Task Planner is designed to assist learners' systematic and planned efforts for math problem solving whereas Math Story features historical stories and real-life applications of math concepts. With the data collected via mixed-methods approach, we extracted six clusters of learning-support-use behaviors via unsupervised machine learning technique (i.e., Gaussian Mixture Model), including 1) skills development and application of mathematical problem decomposition, 2) conceptual knowledge development, 3) metacognitive mathematical connections, 4) metacognitive regulation, 5) information selection using cognitive aids, and 6) sustained motivation for necessary aversive practices. Qualitative multi-cases study revealed nuanced details regarding learners’ interactions with the learning supports in DGBLE. Results showed that the designed in-game learning supports facilitated individual meaningful and mindful math problem-solving experiences. The findings suggested that a mixed-methods research design integrating machine learning with multi-cases study could act as a tool for learner behavior and interaction pattern research that informs the design of adaptive and effective DGBL.

Telemedicine and medical education: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol.

The objective of this review is to synthesize and appraise the available research on educational strategies required to prepare medical learners for engaging in telemedicine and virtual care. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant uptake of virtual care and telemedicine, highlighting the growing need for health care organizations and medical institutions to support physicians and learners navigating this new model of health care delivery, clinical learning, and assessment. Developing a better understanding of how best to prepare medical trainees across the continuum of undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing professional development to engage in virtual care is critical to ensuring our continued ability to meet educational mandates and provide ambulatory care that is safe, efficient, and timely. Studies focused on teaching or learning telemedicine/virtual care that include an assessment of competencies, knowledge, or behaviors of learners will be considered for inclusion in the review. Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science Core Collection, EbscoHost Education Source, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global will be searched to identify published and unpublished studies. No date or language restrictions will be applied. This systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews using a convergent segregated approach. Titles and abstracts of potential studies will be screened and potentially relevant studies will undergo full-text review for eligibility and critical appraisal of the study methodology. Data will be extracted from those studies selected for inclusion. Findings will be described relating to the effectiveness of educational curricula, initiatives, and best practices in trainee engagement in telemedicine and virtual care. PROSPERO (CRD42021264332).

Integration of Cultural Values On The Learning of Speaking Skills

This paper aims to examine the value of local culture in learning speaking skills. Indonesian is a subject that develops learners' ability to communicate cultural values through behavior and the use of language in a variety of work-related contexts. Therefore, to be skilled in language with four skills, learners need an interesting learning process. Culture-based education is a viable alternative to improve the educational process and improve school literacy discourse. The power of culture aims to reduce the negativity of learner behavior. The value of local budaya is an important issue that should be studied in learning Social Geography. Facing this new requires various strategies including by adopting local cultural values in the learning process, especially learning speaking skills

Integration of Cultural Values On The Learning of Speaking Skills

This paper aims to examine the value of local culture in learning speaking skills. Indonesian is a subject that develops learners' ability to communicate cultural values through behavior and the use of language in a variety of work-related contexts. Therefore, to be skilled in language with four skills, learners need an interesting learning process. Culture-based education is a viable alternative to improve the educational process and improve school literacy discourse. The power of culture aims to reduce the negativity of learner behavior. The value of local budaya is an important issue that should be studied in learning Social Geography. Facing this new requires various strategies including by adopting local cultural values in the learning process, especially learning speaking skills

Outcomes of a US-Sino family medicine leadership program

Background and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes of a two- week US-Sino Family Medicine Leadership Symposium for medical educators from China and how participants have integrated their learning into their teaching and practice of medicine.MethodsTeaching topics emphasized principles of family medicine, teaching methods, assessment, and curriculum development. Each cohort received a wide range of practical, didactic and hands-on learning experiences. Online surveys were distributed anonymously to participants from the 2013–2019 cohorts to assess learner opinion and learner behavior change as a result of the leadership symposium. Quantitative measures assessed their level of integration of the topics into teaching and clinical practice and their satisfaction in the areas of teaching and leadership. They were also asked to provide qualitative feedback regarding incorporation of the content into their work.ResultsThe survey response rate was 47.6% (39/82). Respondents stated that they incorporated topics such as basic interviewing skills and information on the patient-centered medical home into their teaching in China. The most applied clinical skills they were able to incorporate into their clinical environment in China included: Breaking Bad News, Simulations Sessions with practice, One-Minute Preceptor, and Interprofessional Education.ConclusionsResults indicate that participants have demonstrated behavior changes that have led to the incorporation of the content into teaching and clinical practice. We demonstrated effectiveness of the curriculum in cultivating the teaching and practice of family medicine. The program appears to be a positive experience that has led to embracement of the roles as trainer and leader. 100% of the participants who completed the survey felt that the program improved patient confidence in their ability as a family doctor. Future assessment on barriers to their progress as teachers and leaders in family medicine would be helpful to explore.

An Online Education Course Recommendation Method Based on Knowledge Graphs and Reinforcement Learning

This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of online education course recommendations through a knowledge graph combined with reinforcement learning, and proposes a deep learning-based joint extraction method of course knowledge entities and relations in the education domain. This joint extraction method can extract both course knowledge entities and their relationships from the unstructured text of online courses, thus alleviating the problem of error propagation. On the other hand, since some parameters in the joint model can be shared by the entity identification task and the relationship classification task, this helps the model to capture the interaction between the two subtasks. Similar courses are judged based on the extracted course knowledge points, while course knowledge chains are generated based on the relationships between course knowledge points. In terms of user learning behavior, by analyzing user online learning behavior data, this paper uses five variables, namely the number of learning hours, the number of discussions, the number of visits, the number of task points completed, and the number of learning courses, to judge and cluster user similarity using an information entropy-based learner behavior weight assignment method. Based on the course knowledge map, this paper firstly constructs a learner model with four dimensions of basic learner profile, cognitive level, learning style, and historical learning records. Secondly, it predicts the target knowledge points of learners based on their learning data using the Armorial algorithm and maps them in the knowledge map, then uses natural language processing related techniques to find the conceptual similarity between knowledge points and proposes a deep recommendation strategy based on the knowledge graph correlations. At the same time, the recommended courses based on learners’ behavioral data are more relevant and accurate, which greatly improves learners’ efficiency and satisfaction in the learning process.

The impact of CDIO's dimensions and values on IT Learner's attitude and behavior: A regression model using Partial Least Squares

CDIO (Conceiving-Designing-Implementing-Operating), crowdsourcing and gamification are gaining more popularity in IT education. However, factors that influence learners' attitude toward this method are yet to be discovered. Therefore, this study aims to develop and test a conceptual model of implementing CDIO-based curriculum in IT education. For this purpose, CDIO dimensions were conceptualized and developed into questionnaire items. Then 141 students who experienced the CDIO method in information security course and lab, were sampled through action-research approach to investigate their perceptions and experiences about the learning stages, dimensions and values of this teaching method. Data gathered were analyzed by multiple regression algorithm using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) statistical approach. The results reveal that the ‘mastery of the concept’, ‘implement and operate’, ‘perceived values’, ‘demonstration and resources’, and ‘admin’ could significantly (in direct and indirect paths) affect learner's intention to accept the CDIO method and adopt it in IT classes. Finally, implications to theory and practice were indicated, and future research directions were suggested.

Features and Influencing Factors of Mobile Learning Behavior of Employees in Accounting Profession

Data mining of the mobile learning behavior of learners can help researchers understand the underlying association rules of such behavior and the internal mechanism of the development of their thinking during the learning process, thereby giving the true and accurate evaluations on the thought and status of mobile learners. However, existing models established for mobile learning behavior recognition cannot give satisfactory enough explanations to the changes in the cognition level of learners, so this paper took employees in accounting profession as subjects to analyze the features and influencing factors of their mobile learning behavior. At first, this paper built a neural network model based on the attention mechanism and used it to classify and recognize the input data of mobile learning behavior via original data learning, and feature extraction and analysis. Then, this paper created evaluation scenarios for subjects participating in mobile learning, designed economic management tasks applicable for actual application scenarios, and proposed several evaluation indexes for assessing their learning performance. After that, the explicit learning behavior of the subjects was taken as the criterion for judging whether their learning performance has achieved the desired learning goals or not. At last, the effectiveness of our analysis model was verified by the experimental results.

Research on Personalized Recommendation Method of Educational Resources Based on Learner Behavior Analysis

The explosion of online learning resources makes the research on personalized recommendation of educational resources increasingly prominent. Based on the theory of learner behavior analysis, this paper analyzes the learning behavior logs of the online learning platform, and constructs a personalized recommendation method for educational resources. It analyzes the learner behavior from the three dimensions of basic attributes, behavior characteristics and result characteristics, and solves the problem of resource analysis. In the simulation process, the method uses the vector space model to complete the modeling of learner behavior, and realizes the division of learner groups based on learner behavior, and further evaluates and optimizes the division of learner groups. In order to further verify the clustering effect in combination with the actual data, the classification results are used for example analysis: the experimental results show that the sample points in the educational resource space are divided into 23 categories according to the distance relationship, and [Formula: see text] is the best. The silhouette coefficient value is 0.54436, and the Calinski–Harabasz score value is 1464.9, which effectively improves the clustering effect of the personalized recommendation method.

TO ESTABLISH PEER SUPPORT STRATEGIES FOR DECREASING OUT-OF-SEAT BEHAVIOUR FOR LEARNERS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS, EMBU COUNTY, KENYA

The study sought to establish peer-support strategies used in decreasing out-of-seat behaviour for learners with Autism Spectrum Disorders in special schools, in Embu County, Kenya. The study used Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This theory states that the motivation of human needs is acquired at different levels. The study adopted a survey research design. The study target population were 25 headteachers, 48 teachers, 65 parents and 5 EARCS from 2 special schools and 23 special units in Embu County. Purposive sampling was employed. The sample size constituted 20% of 25 schools, 5 head teachers, 32 teachers, 10 parents, and 5 EARCs translating to 62 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the headteachers and teachers, an interview schedule was conducted on parents/guardians and an observation checklist was used to observe learners with Autism Spectrum Disorders in class. Piloting was done at St. Monica School for Intellectual Disabled to enhance the validity and reliability of the research instruments. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer presented program and findings were presented in form of frequency distribution tables, bar graphs and pie charts. Findings of the study revealed that most teachers have existing self-management techniques aimed at reducing out-of-seat behavior. The pupils were generally happy with the techniques the teachers had set together. Similarly, the teachers were happy to carry out the existing peer support techniques to reduce out-of-seat behavior. Most teachers strongly agreed that by observing what peers do, children develop self-efficiency. The study concluded that the use of peer support strategies play a significant role in behaviour change among children with ASD because the strategy enables them to come together, share experience and decide on solutions to a common challenge. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education should put in place measures to compel schools through monitoring and capacity building such as training to ensure that SNE learners’ are appropriately placed. The government should allocate extra funds to public primary special schools to help them procure materials for SNE learners to prepare the schools for the implementation of SNE curriculum. Further research should be carried out in all counties in Kenya on peer-support strategies for decreasing out-of-seat behaviour in learners with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Similarly, other areas regarding learners with Autism Spectrum Disorders should be explored.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0569/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

평생학습자의 유튜브 기반 디지털 학습의 인식과 실천의 분류와 군집유형의 탐색

Digital learning activity is a new phenomenon of everyday life in the digital world in the 21st century, and it is necessary to understand and study the inductive approach. The objectives of this study are to explore YouTube-based digital learning activity. First, the cluster type is derived by classifying the perception of digital learning based on YouTube and the characteristics of practical behavior of lifelong learners. Second, the difference of digital learning characteristics by cluster type of lifelong learners is confirmed. Third, the cluster type suitable for digital learning behavior of lifelong learners is conceptualized and explained. The research method constructs survey tools related to digital learning of lifelong learners through the consideration of previous studies, to confirm validity and reliability, and to collect data, and then to conduct cluster analysis(K-Means technique), discriminant analysis, and ANOVA. The results of the study are as follows: first, four clusters were identified by the frequency and classification ratio of digital learning practice based on YouTube of lifelong learners. Second, the characteristics of lifelong learners' perception of digital learning and practice(exploration, selection, expression, viewing, activity, expansion) show significant differences by four clusters. Third, the cluster types of digital learning of lifelong learners were conceptualized as ‘the Deepening-immersive group, the perceiving-passive group, the subscribing-activity group, and the searching-watching group’. The results of this study will provide useful basic information to understand the digital learning of modern people by type and promote digital learning practice for lifelong learners.

PEMBIASAAN PERILAKU ISLAMI PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI PROGRAM KEAGAMAAN DI SEKOLAH (PENELITIAN DI SMPN 1 KOTA GARUT)

The condition of some teenagers today tends to be anarchist, criminal, bullying, fights, sex before marriage, forgetting manners, missing adab, arrogant students have become a daily sight. This certainly causes problems, because these behaviors are not in accordance with the ideals of the Indonesian nation that, formal school institutions established actually realize a generation of noble character. The purpose of this study is to analyze: programm process, imlikasi Islamic behavior of learners through religious programs in schools. This research is qualitative research with descriptive analytical methods. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observations, and literature.The research subjects are the principal, student waka, curriculum waka, some teachers and some students. Data analysis is done by having data obtained then collected for analysis and conclusions. From this study, it was concluded that by instilling the habituation of Islamic behavior through religious programs in schools, it can form students who have the supreme or religious godhead, love to worship and behave well.

Why did they come back? Analysis of learning behaviour and motivation of repeat learners in cMOOCs

ABSTRACT Connectionist MOOC (cMOOC) is a type of MOOC, which can provide an online learning space for learners to sustainable connect. This study analyzed the learning behavior and motivation of repeat learners in the cMOOC "Internet + Education: a dialogue between theory and practice" to study the repeat learning needs and characteristics of cMOOC learners. A mixed research method was adopted in this study with collected data from the course platform, a questionnaire, and qualitative interviews. Based on the behavioural data of those repeat learners of three rounds of the cMOOC, four categories of the repeat learners (repeated no-shows, on-demand connectors, continuous observers, and continuous connectors) were classified. There is no significant difference in intrinsic motivation or extrinsic motivation among the four types of learners. In addition, each type of learner has a significantly higher level of intrinsic motivation than the corresponding extrinsic motivation. The interview data were used to understand the learning motivation and behavioural characteristics of various groups. The results of this study show that course designers need to re-understand the completion rate of cMOOC. And suggestions on cMOOC design are proposed from the perspective of repetitive learners.

The role of the educational psychologist in organisation in identifying and correcting destructive social deviance among adolescents in the context of digitalisation

The article deals with the activities of a psychologist-educator and his role in relation to the problem of student deviation in the digitalisation context and the widespread use of the Internet. A comprehensive analysis of adolescent deviations and various aspects of dealing with students’ destructive behavior and with their parents using knowledge from different subject areas – law, sociology, psychology, medicine, pedagogy, has been conducted. The features and characteristics of adolescence are considered, and the factors influencing the formation of deviant behavior, including medical ones, are identified. The role of the educational organisation’s psychologist in identifying and correcting learners behavior destructive forms is outlined. The necessary ratio between the staff of psychologists and medical specialists and the students number in educational organisations is given. As a result of the analysis of the current legislation, the shortcomings of certain legal provisions and the need to change them in destructive behavior prevention part were noted. Recommendations for professionals in the helping professions have been developed and projected positive results of the outlined activities have been given. The authors’ conceptual findings are applicable to creating a safe and supportive environment for learners, reducing juvenile delinquency and amending legislation.

Learner behaviors associated with uses of resources and learning pathways in blended learning scenarios

The objective of this research is to analyze learner behaviors, uses of resources and learning pathways in blended learning scenarios. Key principles and resources for blended learning practices are addressed in the theoretical framework, along with their relationships with learning pathways, student performance and ICT skills. A within-subject design was adopted, consisting in the application of an ICT skills survey to 92 low-income secondary school students from a Brazilian Northeastern public school, followed by the implementation of series of lessons comprising digital resources based on blended learning practices. Behaviors and uses of resources identified in screen recordings of learners' responses to tasks were contrasted among groups, learning scenarios and with regard to students’ performance scores and ICT skills. Nonparametric tests pointed to significant differences between groups in terms of ICT skills and to no significant differences regarding performance. There were predominantly no significant differences within observed uses of resources and pathways in terms of associated performance or ICT scores. Differences between patterns of use and pathways observed in each lesson are analyzed. Data suggests pedagogical practices learners were previously exposed to impacted their engagement, and uses of different resources were interrelated in a systemic perspective. Task-orientedness, rather than approaches to digital tools or choices of pathway, emerges in discussions as a key factor for learner performance, reinforcing the importance of designing learning scenarios which promote behavioral engagement.

Validity Issues and Strategies to Improve Validity of Task Engagement Analysis for Instructional Analysis

본 연구의 목적은 수업 분석 도구의 하나인 과업집중도분석에서 제기되는 타당도 이슈를 제시하고, 이를 해결하기 위한 구체적인 전략을 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 연구자가 다년간 수업컨설팅 경험을 통해 수집한 과업집중도분석 결과, 수업동영상, 그리고 연구자의 성찰 일지 등과 같은 자료를 활용하였다. 수집된 자료는 포괄적 분석 절차에 따라 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 도출한 과업집중도분석의 타당도 문제는 학습자 행위에 대한 판단의 모호성, 단일 관찰자 분석으로 인한 신뢰도 문제, 평면적 관찰로 인한 분석의 한계, 그리고 분석 결과에 대한 원인의 근거 부족으로 드러났다. 이러한 타당도 문제를 해결하기 위해 다음과 같은 네 가지의 타당도 확보 방안을 제시하였다. 구체적으로 수업동영상 촬영을 병행한 행위의 명료화, 다중 관찰자를 통한 신뢰도 확보, 다른 수업 분석 도구를 활용한 입체적 분석, 면담 및 설문을 통한 풍부한 정보 도출을 타당도 확보 전략으로 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 제시하였다. 첫째, 과업집중도분석 도구를 활용하여 수업 분석을 수행하는 관찰자의 역량 강화에 기여할 수 있다. 둘째, 수업컨설턴트 혹은 관찰자는 본 연구에서 제시한 타당도 확보 방안을 고려하여 타당도 높은 수업 분석 결과를 도출할 수 있다. 셋째, 교수자의 실질적인 수업 개선에 기여함으로써 교수자의 수업 전문성 신장에 이바지할 수 있다.The purpose of this study is to present the validity issues raised in task engagement analysis, a class analysis tool, and to explore ways to solve these problems. For this purpose, data such as task engagement analysis results, class videos, and the researcher's reflective journal were collected. These data were collected based on the researcher's many years of experience in instructional consultation. The collected data were analyzed according to an analysis of the degree of concentration on the task. The validity problems of the task engagement analysis derived through this study were revealed as ambiguity in judgment about learner behavior, reliability problems due to single observer analysis, limitations in analysis due to flat observation, and lack of evidence for the causes of results. To solve these problems, the following four methods of securing validity are suggested: First, clarification of the action in parallel with class video recording. Second, securing reliability through multiple observers. Third, three-dimensional analysis using other instructional analysis tools. Fourth, the collection of rich data through interviews and surveys. The following conclusions were drawn. First, use of the task engagement analysis tool can contribute to strengthening the competency of observers who perform class analysis. Second, an instructional analyst or observer can derive highly valid instructional analysis results by considering the method for securing validity suggested in this study. Third, contributing to the practical improvement of the instructor's class can contribute to the improvement of the instructor's class expertise.

Research on Hybrid Teaching Model Based on Human-Machine Collaboration

The information technology in education promotes the innovation of blended teaching mode with technical support. This paper constructs an online and offline hybrid teaching model based on the concept of human-computer collaboration. In addition, the experimental research method was used to investigate the effect of the hybrid teaching mode on the teaching effectiveness of the course "University Computer Fundamentals" as an example. The study found that learners who participated in the blended learning classroom performed better than traditional multimedia instruction, and that the different learning behaviors of learners correlated with their final grades. This shows that the online and offline hybrid teaching based on human-computer collaboration can improve the learning effectiveness of learners.