Behavior Of Participants Research Articles

The Impact of Perceived Platform Interactivity on Customer Value Co-Creation ----Exploring the Mediating effects of Customer Inspiration and the Moderating effects of ethical perceptions

As the digital economy progresses, community group buying has emerged as a novel social retail model, reshaping traditional business structures. Customers play an increasingly pivotal role in the process of value creation, with their perceived value dictating market orientation and serving as the focal point for corporate value creation. However, effectively fostering customer co-creation of value remains an unresolved critical issue in this field. Diverging from previous studies, this research adopts an individual perception-based approach, employing social cognitive theory to construct an integrated theoretical model that explores how perceived platform interactivity influences customer co-creation behaviors. Data were collected through surveys conducted in Nanchang and Changsha, yielding 557 valid responses. Structural equation modeling was used for empirical analysis. The results indicate that perceived platform interactivity significantly positively affects customer participation behavior (β=0.503, p<0.001) and customer citizenship behavior (β=0.457, p<0.001). Customer inspiration plays a partial mediating role between perceived platform interactivity and value co-creation behaviors. Moreover, moral perception positively moderates the impact of perceived platform interactivity on value co-creation. This study not only enriches the theoretical exploration of customer value co-creation in the platform economy but also confirms that customer inspiration can supplement social cognitive theory's motivational constructs, expanding the theory’s applicability in digital marketing. The findings offer practical guidance for optimizing interaction design on community group buying platforms and stimulating creative customer engagement.

Enhancing quality in online surveys: uncovering foundational themes and strategies

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the foundational themes and strategies to enhance response quality in online surveys. Method: The term "online survey" and its variations were employed as broad keywords for the article selection process to identify methodological and empirical articles about online survey quality. The selected database was characterized using bibliometric techniques, the foundational themes were identified through co-citation analysis, and recommended strategies were determined using bibliographic coupling analysis. Findings: The foundational themes in online survey literature encompass Device, Mode of Administration, Question Design, Careless Responses, Response Rate, Paradata, Statistical Adjustment, Incentives, and Household Survey. Device and Mode of Administration emphasize the description and comparison of online collection methods with traditional approaches and explore the use of different devices. The remaining themes investigate strategies aimed at enhancing online survey response, focusing on specific strategies, quality indicators, or participant behaviors. Originality/Value: This study serves as a valuable guideline for survey researchers. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first review using co-citation analysis to identify the main strategies for improving response quality in online survey research. Theoretical/Methodological contributions: This research contributes across many disciplines by uncovering the main strategies to improve response quality in online survey research and providing guidance for survey researchers. Social/Managerial contributions: By highlighting the importance of survey protocols and the potential biases and errors associated with unplanned research, the findings offer practical insights for social and managerial contexts.

Comparing models that integrate obstetric care and WIC on improved program enrollment during pregnancy: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundLow-income, rural pregnant women are at disproportionate risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as future cardiovascular risk. Currently, less than half of eligible women enroll in the Women, Infants, and Children’s (WIC) Program. This study aims to evaluate whether integrating clinical care and social care may advance health equity and reduce health disparities by directly linking women receiving obstetric care to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for WIC and/or a Registered Dietitian/Nutritionist (RDN).MethodsThis pragmatic study is situated in real-world care and utilizes a randomized controlled trial design. A total of 240 low-income, rural, pregnant patients will be recruited from Geisinger (Pennsylvania, USA) obstetric clinics and randomized to receive one of four models: (1) Clinic; (2) Clinic-WIC; (3) Clinic-RDN, or (4) Clinic-WIC-RDN. Participants provide consent for electronic referrals that directly link their contact information from the electronic health record to WIC and/or RDN. Patients in the Clinic model receive standard prenatal care, which includes provision of basic information about WIC. The Clinic-WIC model includes a clinical decision alert to queue clinical staff to ask about WIC interest and place a referral to WIC using a social health access referral platform. In turn, WIC staff contact the pregnant woman about enrollment. The Clinic-RDN model includes a referral to an RDN for telehealth counseling to promote heart healthy eating and food resource management. The Clinic-WIC-RDN model includes referrals to both WIC and RDN. The primary outcome is difference in WIC enrollment between the Clinic and Clinic-RDN models versus the Clinic-WIC and Clinic-WIC-RDN arms at 6-months post-baseline. Secondary endpoints include WIC retention and adherence, change in participant behavior, skills, and food security, preterm delivery, birthweight, and maternal and child health outcomes. Implementation outcome measures include acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility from the perspective of clinic and WIC staff.DiscussionStudy findings will inform system models that integrate clinic care and social care to improve health equity among a high-risk population. Specifically, these findings will advance implementation of strategies to increase enrollment in a widely available but underutilized food provision program during pregnancy.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT06311799). Registered 3/13/2024.

State-owned equity participation and greenwashing behavior: evidence from Chinese private enterprises

PurposeCan state-owned equity participation inhibit private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior? If so, what are the mechanisms involved? Is there any difference in the impact of state-owned equity participation on private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior in different contexts? The answers to the above questions not only fill the existing research gaps but also provide new research ideas for greenwashing governance in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of Chinese A-share listed private enterprises from 2011 to 2022, we examine the impact of state-owned equity participation on private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior.FindingsThe results suggest that state-owned equity participation can significantly inhibit private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior. Mechanism analysis shows that state-owned equity participation suppresses private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior by alleviating financing constraints through the resource effect and reducing managerial myopia through the governance effect. Moderating effect analysis indicates that media attention can strengthen the inhibitory effect of state-owned equity participation on private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the inhibitory effect of state-owned equity participation on private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior is more significant in areas with a low degree of marketization and non-heavy-polluting industries.Originality/valueThe findings enrich the governance factors of private enterprises’ greenwashing conduct from the standpoint of diverse shareholders, assist developing countries in formulating more specific policy goals and provide important insights into global environmental governance practices.

An evolutionary game study of traffic safety risk regulation considering public participation behavior

With the development of transportation technology, the improvement of transportation efficiency also increases the complexity and diversity of traffic safety risks; the public’s concern for traffic safety risks is increasing, and the traditional regulatory model is difficult to meet the improvement of the effectiveness of the safety regulation of the huge transportation network and the public’s changing safety needs. In order to enhance the effectiveness of safety regulation, a game model of safety risk regulation among the public, transport enterprises, and regulators is constructed to simulate the effects of different traffic risks, penalty levels, and exposure rates on the behavior of transport enterprises and regulators. The results of the study show that: traffic risk has a positive facilitating effect on the participation of transport enterprises and the public in the regulation of safety risks, which will accelerate the process of stabilization of their strategies; transport enterprises have a high sensitivity to changes in the level of punishment, and only when the level of punishment exceeds a certain threshold will they be able to promote the choice of complying with the transport; and a higher exposure will lead to a greater tendency for transport enterprises to choose complying with the transport.

Trajectory prediction based on the dynamic characteristics and coupling relationships among vehicles in highway scenarios

In dynamic and highly interactive traffic scenarios, vehicle trajectory prediction has become a critical and complex problem in vehicle assistance systems due to the uncertainty of traffic participant behaviour. This study proposes a novel vehicle trajectory prediction method called the Dynamic Coupling-based Long and Short-Term Memory Network (DSKM-LSTM). The method innovatively combines a vehicle dynamics model with the dynamic coupling between vehicles by integrating the intrinsic motion laws of the vehicles with the correlation of the motion parameters (position, velocity, and acceleration) between the vehicles via Kalman filtering. Subsequently, this information is embedded into a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based encoder-decoder framework to encode and decode historical trajectories with the fused information in order to predict future driving trajectories. Additionally, this paper introduces a dynamic loss function that optimizes the generalization capability and iteration time of DSKM-LSTM by adjusting the threshold value in real time and dynamically updating the loss value. This approach effectively addresses the problem of insufficient objectivity and accuracy in existing vehicle trajectory prediction models and provides a theoretical foundation for generating objective and interpretable trajectories in the field of trajectory prediction. Validation results on three publicly available datasets show that DSKM-LSTM achieves efficient and accurate long-term (5-s) trajectory prediction in complex traffic scenarios (e.g., motorways).

Assessing Executive Functions: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Yellow-Red Test in Bosnian Elementary School Students.

Executive functions (EF) have been significantly correlated with many important participant characteristics, including education, behavior, and overall health. Assessing EF in children is particularly important, as doing so can help clinicians develop programs for EF remediation. However, there is a limited understanding of comprehensive performance-based EF assessment tools for children. Our goal in the present paper was to conduct a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the Yellow-Red test, a performance-based EF measure, in a Bosnian sample of early elementary school students. Specifically, our participants were 180 children aged 8-11years (M age = 9.6years, SD = 1), including 83 girls and 97 boys. The CFA showed that the data fit well with both a unidimensional model (global EF) and a two-dimensional EF model, comprised of (i) working memory and (ii) inhibition plus cognitive flexibility. A comparison of these two models showed that the two-factor model was a statistically better fit to this sample's performance than the unidimensional model. These results suggest that EF in this age group can be viewed as both a single construct and a multi-factor construct (with at least two-factors). The Yellow-Red Test, with its engaging and cross-cultural research base, is a useful instrument for detecting EF dysfunction, and it can provide valuable insights for informing tailored interventions.

What rural ecological governance goals do local residents prefer? Evidence from Hainan, China

Rural ecosystems restoration requires the joint participation of rural residents and government in governance. This study aims to analyze whether rural ecological governance goals are consistent with rural residents' preferences and how they affect rural residents' utility levels, which are key to rural residents' ecological governance participation behavior. Using survey data from 653 rural residents in Hainan Island, China, this paper applies a choice experiment method and a random parameter logit model to identify differences in rural residents' preferences for different rural ecological governance policy goals and their governance participation behaviors. The results show that increasing the coverage rate of sewage treatment facilities, reducing fertilizer and pesticide application, and increasing rural biodiversity can significantly enhance rural residents' ecological governance participation utility, thereby promoting their choice of ecological governance options. Rural residents' participation behavior in rural ecological governance is also influenced by individual and household characteristics such as ethnicity, labor size, net farm income, ICT usage, and ecological knowledge level. Based on these findings, policymakers should strengthen communication of governance policies and objectives, respect rural residents' policy goal preferences, prioritize the implementation of rural ecological governance models that increase the coverage of wastewater treatment facilities, reduce fertilizer and pesticide application, and increase rural biodiversity, and rely on ICT devices to popularize ecological knowledge among rural residents.

Analysis of Family Wealth and Participation in Commercial Insurance Behavior within the Influence of Confucian Culture

Based on the data samples from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) in 2017 and 2019, this study delves into the intrinsic relationship between Confucian culture, family wealth, and household participation in commercial insurance. The research findings indicate that Confucian culture positively promotes household participation in commercial insurance; an increase in family wealth significantly enhances households' willingness to participate in commercial insurance. Further analysis reveals that family satisfaction plays a crucial intermediary role between Confucian culture and household participation in commercial insurance. Additionally, the impact of Confucian culture on household commercial insurance participation behavior exhibits significant regional differences.

Learning Environment, Classroom Participation and Innovative Behavior of Chinese College Students

The competition for knowledge and talent has become increasingly fierce in the 21st century. The innovative consciousness and ability of college students are of great significance for improving the level of talent cultivation and enhancing comprehensive national strength in China. Among the many factors that affect the innovative behavior of college students, their learning environment and classroom participation play a positive role in promoting their innovative behavior. This research aims to explore the relationship between classroom involvement and creative conduct among Chinese university students, how the learning environment influences this interaction. The study technique adopted a literature analysis and empirical inquiry. A total of 425 college students from four colleges and universities in Hebei Province in China consisting of freshmen, sophomores, and juniors from Humanities, Sciences, and Engineering majors were the respondents of the study. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire and were treated using correlational analysis. Descriptive statistical results show that participants in this study are more inclined to establish good teacher-student relationships in the learning environment, exhibited a more positive state of cognitive participation in classroom participation, and more positive attitudes towards academic learning and thinking patterns in their innovative behavior. In addition, the results of the Mann-Whitney Test found that there were differences in the three variables at the grade level, majors and family location. Students from cities and lower grades have a better learning environment; Science majors, and lower grade students have more active classroom participation; Boys, younger students, science majors, and urban students have better innovative behaviors. In addition, correlation analysis indicates a highly significant correlation between these three variables.

Geo‐spatial traffic behaviour analysis and anomaly detection for ITS applications

AbstractUnderstanding the behaviour of traffic participants within the geo‐spatial context of road/intersection topology is a vital prerequisite for any smart ITS application. This article presents a video‐based traffic analysis and anomaly detection system covering the complete data processing pipeline, including sensor data acquisition, analysis, and digital twin reconstruction. The system solves the challenge of geo‐spatial mapping of captured visual data onto the road/intersection topology by semantic analysis of aerial data. Additionally, the automated camera calibration component enables instant camera pose estimation to map traffic agents onto the road/intersection surface accurately. A novel aspect is approaching the anomaly detection problem by AI analysis of both the spatio‐temporal visual clues and the geo‐spatial trajectories for all type of traffic participants, such as pedestrians, bicyclists, and vehicles. This enables recognition of anomalies related to either traffic‐rule violations, for example, jaywalking, improper turns, zig‐zag driving, unlawful stops, or behavioural anomalies: littering, accidents, falling, vandalism, violence, infrastructure collapse etc. The method achieves leading anomaly detection results on benchmark datasets World Cup 2014, UCF‐Crime, XD‐Violence, and ShanghaiTech. All the obtained results are streamed and rendered in real‐time by the developed TGX digital twin visualizer. The complete system has been deployed and validated on the roads of Helmond town in The Netherlands.

The Influence of Commonly-Encountered Participant Behaviors on Cardiovascular Indices during Testing.

During laboratory testing, participants rest quietly in a supine posture with little movement. However, it is rather common for participants to display various behaviors. The extent to which these common encounters influence cardiovascular measures is unknown. Fifty-five adults (36±15 years) were studied during the following seven randomized conditions in the supine position: 1) quiet stationary rest (control), 2) while drowsy, 3) while and 4) after talking to investigators, 5) while and 6) after cell phone use for texting, and 7) lying on the side. Heart rate was greater when the participants were talking to investigators (+4 mmHg) and texting on cell phones (+5 mmHg) compared with quiet rest. Systolic blood pressure (BP) increased by 4 mmHg and diastolic BP by 3 mmHg while talking to investigators. Systolic BP was 6 mmHg and diastolic BP was 5 mmHg lower in the 'side lying' position compared with quiet rest. In the side-lying condition, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was not able to be measured in 38% (n=16) of the participants while brachial-ankle PWV was not affected. Brachial-ankle PWV was greater while (+65cm/s) and after (+29cm/s) the participants were talking to investigators whereas carotid-femoral PWV was not able to be measured during talking. The drowsy behavior did not influence any of the BP and PWV measures. Talking during the testing period significantly increases all the cardiovascular measures but cell phone use prior to the measures does not appear to influence them.

Evaluating an e-learning course's impact and challenges on genomic literacy among medical professionals.

The aim of this study was to confirm and evaluate the learning effect of a physician-facing e-learning course on genetic medicine for improving genomic literacy. We employed qualitative and quantitative methodology to survey 103 physicians who took the course at a national university in Japan. Evaluations were conducted at the levels of participant feedback, learning, and behaviour. Participants completed a questionnaire and test (full score = 100) before and after the course. Pre- and post-test scores were compared using paired-samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the difference their clinical experience. The effect size was estimated using Cohen's d. Responses were obtained from 96 physicians. Approximately 80% (n = 75-93) of participants responded positively to the course, a result supported by the qualitative data. The mean scores for the pre- and post-test showed an increase from 71.25 to 74.58 (p=0.008). In particular, mean test scores increased significantly from 68.94 to 75.53 (p<0.001) in physicians with no clinical experience in genetic medicine, while no significance was observed scores for physicians with clinical experience in genetics from 73.47 to 73.67 (p=0.903). Behavioural assessment was carried out for 28 participants; however, no statistically significant differences were identified. Our findings indicate that our e-learning course was useful for physicians with no experience of genetic medicine. For those with experience, it may be necessary to provide more practice-based education and educational methodologies. Behavioural assessment needs to be examined further.

Deep recurrent Q-network algorithm for carbon emission allowance trading strategy

Against the backdrop of global warming, the carbon trading market is considered as an effective means of emission reduction. With more and more companies and individuals participating in carbon markets for trading, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to help them automatically identify carbon trading investment opportunities and achieve intelligent carbon trading decisions. Based on the characteristics of the carbon trading market, we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL) trading strategy - Deep Recurrent Q-Network (DRQN). The experimental results show that the carbon allowance trading model based on the DRQN algorithm can provide optimal trading strategies and adapt to market changes. Specifically, the annualized returns for the DRQN algorithm strategy in the Guangdong (GD) and Hubei (HB) carbon markets are 15.43% and 34.75%, respectively, significantly outperforming other strategies. To better meet the needs of the actual implementation scenarios of the model, we analyze the impacts of discount factors and trading costs. The research results indicate that discount factors can provide participants with clearer expectations. In both carbon markets (GD and HB), there exists an optimal discount factor value of 0.4, as both excessively small or large values can have adverse effects on trading. Simultaneously, the government can ensure the fairness of carbon trading by regulating the costs of carbon trading to limit the speculative behavior of participants.

Research on cross regional green certificate bilateral distributed robust trading strategy based on Bayesian theory

To ensure the effective implementation of the compulsory green certificate transaction in China, a multi-participant cross-regional green certificate bilateral transaction model considering the relevant technical characteristics of the unit is proposed to solve the problems such as the mismatch between the supply and demand of green certificates and the reduction of the transaction plan by the grid operation constraints in the current green certificate transaction. To mobilize the initiative of participants, the model adopts the bilateral transaction of free negotiation. To balance the interests of transaction participants, the paper analyzes the complex interaction of multi participants in cross-regional bilateral transactions by using cooperative game theory. Simultaneously, the model considers multiple uncertainties among participants and takes into account the correlation of photovoltaic power in multiple periods. Based on the distributed robust theory, the multivariate nonlinear model and mixed-effect model of Bayesian are proposed to construct the fuzzy sets of the probability distribution for wind and photovoltaic power. On this basis, the paper analyzes the strategic behaviors of multi participants affected by uncertainty factors in the cross-regional green certificate bilateral trade through a numerical example, and quantitatively analyzes the sensitivity of each participant’s transaction plan affected by uncertainty factors. The results show that the degree of competition will affect the strategic behavior and income of the participants, and the full cooperation mode can not only avoid the risk of fluctuations in the transaction price and transaction power within the alliance but also stabilize the supply and demand of green certificate transactions.

Study protocol of the planetary health action survey PACE: a serial cross-sectional survey to assess the readiness to act against climate change

IntroductionClimate change is a paramount global health threat with multifaceted implications. Societal change is required to mitigate the negative effects of climate change, as well as help people adapt to...

Measured air quality impacts after teaching parents about cooking ventilation with a video: a pilot study.

Cooking-related emissions contribute to air pollutants in the home and may influence children's health outcomes. In this pilot study, we investigate the effects of a cooking ventilation intervention in homes with gas stoves, including a video-based educational intervention and range hood replacement (when needed) in children's homes. This was a pilot (n = 14), before-after trial (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04464720) in homes in the San Francisco Bay Area that had a school-aged child, a gas stove, and either a venting range hood or over-the-range microwave/hood. Cooking events, ventilation use, and indoor air pollution were measured in homes for 2-4 weeks, and children completed respiratory assessments. Midway, families received this intervention: (1) education about the hazards of cooking-related pollutants and benefits of both switching to back burners and using the range hood whenever cooking and (2) ensuring the range hood met airflow and sound performance standards. The educational intervention was delivered via a video developed in conjunction with local youth. We found substantially increased use of back burners and slight increases in range hood use during cooking after intervening. Even though there was no change in cooking frequency or duration, these behavior changes resulted in decreases in nitrogen dioxide (NO2), including significant decreases in the total integrated concentration of NO2 over all cooking events from 1230 ppb*min (IQR 336, 7861) to 756 (IQR 84.0, 4210; p < 0.05) and NO2 collected on samplers over the entire pre- and post-intervention intervals from 10.4 ppb (IQR 3.5, 47.5) to 9.4 (IQR 3.0, 36.1; p < 0.005). There were smaller changes in PM2.5, and no changes were seen in respiratory outcomes. This pilot before-after trial evaluated the use of a four-minute educational video to improve cooking ventilation in homes with gas stoves and one or more school-aged children. Participant behavior changed after watching the video, and there were decreases in indoor air pollutant concentrations in the home, some of which were significant. This brief video is now publicly available in English and Spanish (wspehsu.ucsf.edu/projects/indoor-air-quality), and this provides suggestive evidence of the utility of this simple intervention, which could be particularly beneficial for households that have children with asthma.

The impact of safety leadership on safety behaviors of aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives. Facing risk of contracting COVID-19, adopting individual health and safety behaviors to prevent infection was critical for first responders to ensure personal and public safety. This study assessed direct and indirect relationships between safety leadership, safety behaviors and the effect of risk perceptions on these relationships among aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. A total of 127 ARFF frontline personnel participated in an online survey. COVID-19-specific constructs of safety leadership, safety behaviors and risk perceptions were assessed using a structural model with moderation and serial mediation analysis using the mixed-model method. Results. Safety leadership had significant direct effects on safety compliance and indirect effects on safety participation and mask use. ARFF personnel’s perceived severity of the virus had significant direct effects on mask use and indirect effects on safety compliance and participation behaviors. The interaction of safety leadership and perceived susceptibility to the virus had significant direct effects on safety compliance behaviors and indirect effects on safety participation and mask use. Conclusion. There are practical implications to strengthen safety compliance behaviors through leadership. This study contributes to the literature on leadership and safety behaviors among ARFF personnel during exceptional circumstances and times of crisis.

The mediating role of competence, autonomy, and relatedness in the activation and maintenance of sports participation behavior

This study aims to explore the complex and multifaceted relationship between Behavioral Activation and Behavioral Maintenance in sports participation, delving into the underlying mechanisms to provide practical insights into how individuals initiate and sustain engagement in sports activities. Utilizing a combination of convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods, 378 sports participants from over ten provinces and cities in China were selected as survey subjects, and an intermediary model concerning the activation and maintenance of sports participation behavior was constructed. Discriminant validity and mediation effect analyses were conducted using SPSS and AMOS 23.0. The results indicate that Behavioral Activation indirectly influences Behavioral Maintenance through Competence (ad = 0.39), with a 95% confidence interval [0.201, 0.642], excluding 0. Behavioral Activation also indirectly influences Behavioral Maintenance through Autonomy (be = 0.23), with a 95% confidence interval [0.109, 0.421], excluding 0. However, Behavioral Activation indirectly influences Behavioral Maintenance through Relatedness (cf. = 0.09), with a 95% confidence interval [-0.068, 0.336], which includes 0. The study reveals that both Competence and Autonomy significantly mediate the activation and maintenance of sports participation behavior among athletes. However, Relatedness does not play a significant mediating role in the activation and maintenance of sports participation behavior among the participants.

Single High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Intermittent Theta Pulse Stimulation Promote Working Memory Behavior in Participants: An Event-Related Potential Study

ObjectiveRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) has an improving effect in cognitive function, but it is still not clear in what specific cognitive domains. We here combined a single session of TMS (HF-rTMS/iTBS) with electroencephalography (EEG) to clarify the effects of magnetic stimulation techniques on executive function, working memory, and visuospatial attention in healthy participants, and to investigate the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. MethodsFifty-one healthy participants were randomly assigned to three stimulation groups (HF-rTMS, iTBS, and sham groups). Classical psychological paradigms (task-switching, 2-back with visual Oddball) and event-related potentials (ERPs) were performed to compare the behavioral indices of each paradigm before and after the two stimulations, as well as the changes in the ERP components. ResultsAnalysis of behavioral indicators showed that reaction times in the 2-back paradigm were faster after HF-rTMS and iTBS than after sham stimulation. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the behavioral changes in the task-switching and visual Oddball paradigms. ERP analysis showed that N2 amplitude in the frontal and central regions of the participants increased during the 2-back paradigm following HF-rTMS and iTBS; however, no statistically significant differences were observed between the ERP components of the task-switching and visual Oddball paradigms. ConclusionSingle sessions of HF-rTMS and iTBS on the L-DLPFC specifically enhanced working memory performance, with no significant effects on executive function and visuospatial attention. Both true stimulations elicited more negative N2 in the frontal and central channels during the 2-back paradigm, suggesting increased recruitment of cognitive resources from these brain areas. Although iTBS and HF-rTMS improved working memory behavior, iTBS’s shorter stimulation time suggests it may have greater potential for clinical applications in terms of time-benefit costs.