Diagram Behavior Research Articles

The effects of the size and structure on magnetic behavior of core/shell nanoparticles

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been employed to simulate the structure of Ni nanoparticles (NPs). These NPs consist of 500, 1372, 2916 and 5324 atoms. Various structures of these NPs, consisting of faced-centered cubic (fcc), hexagonal closed packed (hcp), icosahedral (ico) and amorphous states, have been simulated by changing the cooling rate from 2000 to 300 K. The models of mixed core/shell spin (1, 3/2) have been set based on the NPs. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation has been applied to investigate the magnetic behavior and phase diagrams of the models. We have found that the structure of the models plays important role on the characteristic phase diagrams. The effects of the atomic number as well as the exchange coupling J[Formula: see text]/J[Formula: see text] (J[Formula: see text] — the shell coupling and J[Formula: see text] — the core coupling) on the thermal and magnetic behaviors of the models have been presented and discussed. The phase diagrams in k[Formula: see text]T/J[Formula: see text]−J[Formula: see text]/J[Formula: see text] plane also have been observed by changing the structure and the number atoms of the models.

SOFTWARE FOR AUTOMATED DESIGN OF NETWORK GRAPHICS OF SOFTWARE SYSTEMS REENGINEERING

The subject of the work is the construction of a graphical network model of reengineering of the software system. Purpose of the paper is development of software for increasing the level of automation of designing network charts for the organization of production by reengineering software systems in the framework of project management. Network planning is one of the forms of graphical representation of the work content and the duration of implementation of strategic plans and long-term complexes of project, planning, organizational and other activities of the enterprise. Along with linear charts and table calculations, network planning methods are extensively used in the development of long-term plans and models for the creation of complex production systems and other objects of long-term use. The “Nodes-Activity” type of graphs is used in modern specialized packages of planning and operational management computer programs. The task before creating a software tool is the ability to work with all types of network charts with the possibilities of their comprehensive transformation. Methods. The article is based on methods of network planning for the PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) methodology, the use of elements of graph theory and the Gantt chart method as an accounting method for project management. Simulation of the system software architecture is carried out within the UML (Unified Modeling Language) 2.5 methodology using the CASE toolkit Enterprise Architect 14. Project decisions proposed by the authors are the results of the article. The content of the design part is determined, firstly, by the specifics of the planning of software projects reengineering, and secondly, by the features of specific technical proposals for a project that is manageable. The architecture (project “Frame”) software for managing network planning of software project reengineering is designed in the article. Conclusions. The architecture is developed in the form of several structural and behavioral diagrams, namely: use case diagram, which provides an analyst with a detailed idea of the software field of application; sequence diagram that is designed to create a programmer's imagination on how to perform actions when working with a future program tool; statechart diagram that is required for a visual representation of those states in which the software can be at different times; class diagrams that are used to design the main form filling of the future software; component diagram that is designed to examine the composition of the components of the future software and indicate the sequence of compilation and assembly of individual modules. The numerical and temporal estimation of the planning parameters is based on the data obtained from the Gantt design charts.

Constructing True Model-Based Requirements in SysML

Some authors suggest that transitioning requirements engineering from the traditional statements in natural language with shall clauses to model-based requirements within a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) environment could improve communication, requirements traceability, and system decomposition, among others. Requirement elements in the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) fail to fulfill this objective, as they are really a textual requirement in natural language as a model element. Current efforts to directly leverage behavioral and structural models of the system lack an overarching theoretical framework with which to assess the adequacy of how those models are used to capture requirements. This paper presents an approach to construct true model-based requirements in SysML. The presented approach leverages some of SysML’s behavioral and structural models and diagrams, with specific construction rules derived from Wymore’s mathematical framework for MBSE and taxonomies of requirements and interfaces. The central proposition of the approach is that every requirement can be modeled as an input/output transformation. Examples are used to show how attributes traditionally thought of as non-functional requirements can be captured, with higher precision, as functional transformations.

Molecular Insights into the Regulatable Interfacial Property and Flow Behavior of Confined Ionic Liquids in Graphene Nanochannels.

The understanding of confined structure and flow property of ionic liquid (IL) in a nanochannel are essential for the efficient application of ILs in the green chemical processes. In this work, the ionic structure and various flow behaviors of ILs inside graphene nanochannels via molecular dynamics simulations are shown. The effect of the nanochannel structure on confined flow is explored, showing that the width mainly heightens the viscosity while the oxidation degree primarily enhances the interfacial friction coefficient. Tuning the width and oxidation degree of nanochannel, three different flow behaviors including Poiseuille, partial plunger and full plunger flow can be achieved, where the second one does not occur in water or other organic solvents. To describe the special flow behavior, an effective influence extent of the nanochannel (w EIE ) is defined, whose value can distinguish the above flows effectively. Based on w EIE , the phase diagrams of flow behavior for the nanochannel structure and pressure gradient are obtained, showing that the critical pressure gradient decreases with width and increases with the oxidation degree. Based on the quantitative relations between confined structures, viscosity, friction coefficient, flow behavior, and nanochannel structure, the intrinsic mechanism of regulating the flow behavior and rational design of nanochannel are finally discussed.

Automated Nonintrusive Analysis of Electronic System Level Designs

Due to the ever increasing complexity of hardware systems, designers strive for higher levels of abstractions in the early stages of the design process. Modeling hardware at the electronic system level (ESL) is one way to address this demand, with the C++-based system modeling framework SystemC and its abstract communication library transaction level modeling (TLM) having become de-facto standards for ESL system design. While the C++ compiler is sufficient to compile and simulate a given ESL design, for tasks of design understanding, debugging, or validation (where access to the details of design’s structure and behavior is necessarily required), design needs to be processed by an appropriate tool. This problem is often solved by adding instrumentation code to either the design or the library, usually resulting in incomplete logs, work overhead and/or incompatibilities. This paper introduces an approach that automatically extracts information about both, structure and behavior of SystemC designs and TLM transactions, nonintrusively. The information is retrieved from a given design by running it in debug mode while being connected to a preprogrammed debugger, thus leaving the existing sources and workflows untouched while collecting a vast amount of data without user intervention. Illustrating use cases, value change dump files of the SystemC models’ behavior and unified modeling language activity diagrams of transaction protocols are created automatically from simulation runs.

A Model Driven Reverse Engineering Framework for Generating High Level UML Models From Java Source Code

Legacy systems are large applications which are significant in performing daily organizational operations and cannot be upgraded easily especially in the absence of architectural and design documentation. Software modernization is an emerging field of software engineering, which transforms the legacy systems into new one according to the specified requirements of stakeholders. It mainly deals with improving the architecture, features, rules and data sources of existing system. It always remained a challenging task to achieve high-level representation of legacy systems. In order to achieve this high-level representation, Reverse Engineering (RE) plays an integral role. The issues of traditional RE are overcome with the help of Model Driven Reverse Engineering (MDRE) such as it generates model-based view of the legacy systems, which is comprehensible and easy to understand for practitioners. MDRE is an active research area but it provides limited tool support to extract and model both structural and behavioral aspects of legacy systems. In this paper, a novel MDRE framework named as “Source to Model Framework (Src2MoF)”is proposed to generate Unified Modeling Language (UML) structural (class) and behavioral (activity) diagrams from the Java source code. Src2MoF is based on the principles of Model Driven Engineering (MDE), which use models as first-class citizens alleviating the complexity of software systems. The contributions of this paper are as follows; first, an Intermediate Model Discoverer (IMD) is developed using source code parser to get the intermediate representation of the system from the existing Java code. Second, an open source transformation engine named “UML model generator” is implemented using Java, which takes these intermediate models as input, and produce high-level UML models of the subject legacy system. Finally, the two benchmark case studies are presented to depict the relevance and usability of Src2MoF.

ОЦЕНИВАНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СТАТИЧЕСКИХ ОБЪЕКТОВ С МАТРИЧНЫМ ВХОДОМ И МАТРИЧНЫМ ВЫХОДОМ

The least-squares method is widely applied when processing results received at the solution of tasks which are connected, for example, with the identification of dynamic objects or with the pattern recognition. The article considers the application of recurrent least-squares method for the parameters determination of a static object with a matrix input and a matrix output. As test input signals it is offered to use signals like a meander with single amplitude. The estimation results of the object parameters are given for a case when Gaussian noises occur at the object output. The simulation of input signals which are realizing impact on an object, and the iterative procedure of the least-squares method are executed in the Simulink environment. The blocks which are realizing the formation of the iterative procedure of parameters estimation correspond to basic formulas which are a part of the algorithm of the recurrent least-squares method. On the example of the second order object the estimates received as a result of the recurrent estimation constructed scheme are given in the graphic form. It is possible to mark that the fast convergence of the parameters estimates to basic parameter values of an object is stated. The behavior diagram of the gain coefficient which is present at the algorithm of the recurrent least-squares method is demonstrated. Testing the algorithm of the object parameters estimation was carried out using input signals like a meander with different periods. The simulation results show that the algorithm gives the good estimates of unknown parameters even in the presence of the considerable noise watched on the object output. The offered approach is supposed to be used for the parameters estimation of the higher order objects with the different parameters quantity.

Optimizing the Software Metrics for UML Structural and Behavioral Diagrams Using Metrics Tool

In this paper, we have proposed an efficient way to calculate the software metrics of structural and behavioural diagrams of unified modelling language (UML) with the help SD Metrics as a tool. This method is applied to measure the internal quality of attributes and functions of structural and behavioural diagrams of unified modelling language (UML). The SD metrics tool collect the information after parsing the XMI format generated by UML compiler of structural and behavioural UML diagrams. The object-oriented design made by structural and behavioural diagrams holds the important part of designing in the development process of the software. Early the measurement of metrics will lead to good quality of the software from coding, but now using the design metrics we calculate the cohesion, coupling and other metrics with easy and effective with the fewer efforts which improve the quality of software to be developed at the design phase.

Model based test case prioritization using UML behavioural diagrams and association rule mining

In software development life cycle, maximum effort is spent on the maintenance phase. This is due to the retesting carried out in this phase to ensure that any moderation made to the system under test (SUT) does not hamper the unchanged components of the SUT. This retesting is a part of regression testing which is performed in the maintenance phase. But in the retesting approach, all the old test cases are re-executed which leads to increase in cost and time of testing. So, test case prioritization technique is widely used to overcome this problem i.e. to keep the testing cost and time down. Test case prioritization techniques schedule the test cases for regression testing in an order that improves rate of fault detection, coverage percentage etc. To improve the fault detection rate, we propose an approach for prioritizing the test cases by using multiple modified functions and association rule mining. Since, we are doing model based testing, UML (Unified Modelling Language) behavioural diagrams such as activity diagram and sequence diagram are used to model the system. An activity sequence graph (ASG) is generated taking into account the combined features of activity diagram and sequence diagram. Then, test scenarios are generated by traversing the graph. The affected nodes and corresponding modified nodes are found out using forward slicing algorithm. The details of modified nodes and corresponding affected nodes are stored in a project repository. Then, association rule mining (ARM) is applied to the historical data to generate the frequent pattern. Finally, test cases are prioritized based on business criticality test value (BCTV) and frequent pattern. We have also verified the effectiveness of proposed approach by determining the percentage of fault detection.

Embedded System Verification Using Formal Model an Approach Based on the Combined Use of UML and Maude Language

The approach proposed in this article presents a formal verification of embedded systems. The method relies on an automated modeling and code generation based on the systems' behavior. The key concept is the combined use of a subset of UML behavior diagrams extended with timing annotations (Real-Time Statechart and Real-Time Collaboration diagrams) for system modeling and the Maude language for verification. First, UML modeling tools are developed. Then, an automatic generation of equivalent Maude specification is performed. The approach is based on code generation. This is why it is possible to use an available model checking tool to verify certain timed properties represented in Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The meta-modeling tool ATOM3 is used. A case study is presented to illustrate the feasibility of the approach.

Implementation of Information Technology System Innovation Strategy Application of Premarital Course Based on Android

Implementation of strategy in an organization requires strategy of weapon (weapon strategy), that is information technology system effective and efficient. This research activity is focused on the development of pre-marriage education application based on multimedia. The purpose of this study is to (1). Developed a premarital based on android application design model using functional modeling; (2). Develop features of the android premarital course suite that covers all components technically. The design of this study uses object oriented methodology with functional modeling of Unified Modeling Langeage (UML), to meet the needs of visual modeling specifications. Unified Modeling Langeage (UML) modeling diagram is grouped into three (3) categories, namely structure diagram, behavior diagram and intraction diagram. The application of premarital android based courses generated with the development version will help prenuptial course participants to access all premarital learning materials. Content of material prepared there are two, namely: the material in conceptual and material in the form of audiovisual / multimedia. The achievement of this android-based preliminary application program will be a new paradigm in learning, so premarital course participants can make this application as a supplement, complement and substitution.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMON GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS USED IN SYSTEM ENGINEERING

ABSTRACTMost system engineers today use graphical representations of a system to communicate its functional and data requirements. The most commonly used representations are the Function Flow Block Diagram (FFBD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD), N2 Chart, IDEF0 Diagram, and Behavior Diagram (BD). This paper discusses the characteristics of each and shows how they are related.

Key mechanical properties and microstructure of carbon fibre reinforced self-consolidating concrete

This paper presents the key mechanical properties and microstructure of different carbon fibre reinforced self-consolidating concrete (CFRSCC) mixtures. Two different water-to-binder (W/B) ratios of 0.35 and 0.40 were used to produce ten CFRSCC mixtures including 0–1% carbon fibres by volume of concrete. The key mechanical properties such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength or modulus of rapture, and toughness or fracture energy of CFRSCCs were determined. In addition, the load-deflection behaviour was studied for all CFRSCCs. The microstructure of all CFRSCCs was also observed via scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of the fracture surface to examine the distribution and failure mode of carbon fibres in self-consolidating concrete. Test results revealed that the increased amount of carbon fibres decreased the compressive strength of CFRSCC by 36.6–58.9% depending on W/B ratio and curing age. However, the higher amount of carbon fibres increased the splitting tensile strength of CFRSCC by 13.1–17% at different W/B ratios and curing ages. Also, the flexural strength and toughness of CFRSCC was increased by 3.6% and 41.4%, respectively, for 0.25% carbon fibres. The load-deflection behaviour diagrams showed that the CFRSCC with 0.25% carbon fibres had the best post-peak response under loading. Furthermore, the SEMs exhibited that the CFRSCCs with 0.35 W/B ratio were denser with lesser pores than the CFRSCCs with 0.50 W/B ratio. Carbon fibres were well-distributed in concrete when the fibre content was 0.25%. It was also observed from SEMs that carbon fibres failed either by pullout or breakage under loading.

Real-Time Behavior Analysis and Identification for Android Application

The number of applications based on the Android platform is increasing rapidly now. However, as the supervision and review of Android applications are inadequate, a reasonable chance exists that users will download malware. This malware can lead to information leakage, monetary loss, and other damages. At present, a variety of applications exist for detecting malware, but most of these applications cannot show specific malicious behaviors. Moreover, the operation of this detection software is based on the database of viruses, and thus, it cannot identify unknown malware. To solve these problems, we implemented a system to detect the behaviors of Android applications and identify known or unknown malware. Our system can monitor specified applications utilizing loading a kernel module. After the detection process, the related documents are uploaded to the server, and the dynamic behaviors are reconstructed. As a result, a behavior diagram is generated. In addition, if the user needs to know whether the application is malware, the related Android package is sent to the server and analyzed. Then, the server calculates the results and the results are returned to the client.

Verification of the reinforced concrete column bar model based on the test results

Modern software packages for calculating buildings and structures for various types of action make it possible to simulate the structure and its elements in sufficient detail and to reflect adequately the behavior of this structure. However, detailed simulation with the use of solid finite elements requires a large amount of computing time to perform calculations. This problem can be solved by moving from solid finite elements to bar elements. At the same time, it is necessary to verify the bar calculation models. The article compares the calculation results of a reinforced concrete column simulated in two ways: with the use of solid finite elements based on the actual reinforcement and with the use of bar finite elements. The concrete material for the reference model is specified using a Continuous Surface Cap Model nonlinear model implemented in the LS-DYNA software package. This model reflects the non-linear behavior of concrete and enables to consider the joint behavior of concrete and reinforcing bars. The diagrams of concrete behavior in the bar model are adopted in accordance with SP 63.13330.2012 “Concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Revised edition of SP 52-101-2003”. The study compares the results obtained by the breaking load value and the fracture pattern of the column under consideration.

Verification of the reinforced concrete beam model based on the results of a full-scale experimental study

The article presents the results of a numerical experiment consisting in a bending test of a reinforced concrete beam and comparison of the results obtained with the results of full-scale experiments. In most cases, it is not possible to adequately consider all types of nonlinearities when using simplified bar and plate elements. The problem can be solved by using more detailed computational models with solid finite elements, allowing to consider directly the joint behavior of reinforcing bars and concrete. The studies were carried out in the LS-DYNA software package, which implemented the nonlinear concrete model – Continuous Surface Cap Model (CSCM). This model allows to consider the joint behavior of reinforcing bars and concrete, using bar (for reinforcing bars) and solid (for concrete) finite elements, thereby helping to overcome existing shortcomings in the diagrams of concrete behavior. As an object of modeling, a reinforced concrete statically determinable beam of rectangular section with dimensions of 1,000 х 50 х 100 (h) mm is considered. The conducted studies showed that the ultimate load on the beam based on the results of numerical modeling is quite consistent with the experimental value (8.5% discrepancy). The arrangement of cracks and the fracture pattern obtained from the modeling results in the LS-DYNA software package are in good agreement with the results of the tests. The LS-DYNA software package will allow correct solid modeling of bending reinforced concrete elements with specification of nonlinear diagrams of concrete and reinforcing bars deformation and can be used for research, calculation and design of reinforced concrete elements of buildings and structures.

Low-density polyethylene-thymol: Thermal behavior and phase diagram

An experimental full phase diagram for the binary system low-density polyethylene – thymol was for the first time constructed in a broad temperature-concentration range using an original optical method, turbidimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. Limitations of the two latter techniques were critically analyzed. The diagram belongs to the type semicrystalline polymer – thermodynamically poor solvent so that in the whole concentration range polyethylene and thymol play the role of a solvent and solute, respectively. Thermally induced phase separation leads to the formation of a capillary-porous body. Thymol crystals formed in its pores melt at lower temperatures than crystals from pure thymol solution. The data obtained by different methods can be used for developing the technology of fabricating films with antimicrobial properties.

An integrated metamodel-based approach to software model refactoring

Software refactoring is the process of changing a software system in a manner that does not alter its external behavior and yet improving its internal structure. Model-driven architecture and the popularity of the UML enabled the application of refactoring at model level, which was earlier applied to software code. In this paper, we propose a multi-view integrated approach to model-driven refactoring using UML models. We selected a single model from each UML view at metamodel level to construct an integrated metamodel. We selected class diagram to represent the structural view, sequence diagram to represent the behavioral view and use case diagram to represent the functional view. We validated the proposed approach by comparing integrated refactoring approach with refactoring applied to models individually in terms of quality improvement through UML model metrics. Our results indicate that more bad smell instances can be detected using the integrated approach rather than the individual refactoring approach.

A mathematical model for the pre-diagnostic of glioma growth based on blood glucose levels

In this paper, we propose a stochastic model in which the values of the factors involved in the development of a glioma vary randomly in a biologically congruent range. Stability analysis revealed three fixed points which allude to patients with a growing glioma, with an advanced stage glioma and without glioma, respectively. The graphics of the solutions and the diagrams of asymptotic behavior of some of the parameters are presented. We also show the order of influence of them. The results obtained show a decay in serum glucose levels in the presence of a glioma. Moreover, they indicate that the immune system is an important element in the prevention of the growth of gliomata.

Surface roughness and radiusing of Ti6Al4V selective laser melting-manufactured parts conditioned by barrel finishing

Selective laser melting is, at present, one of the fastest growing additive manufacturing technologies. It allows the manufacture of functional components characterized by high complex geometries with engineering-grade metals. Notwithstanding, it is employed in many industries such as aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and defense; a great limitation for its diffusion is the obtainable surface quality. This work aims to improve the surface of Ti6Al4V parts produced by this technology through barrel finishing. It is a mass finishing operation able to condition parts by means of a soft mechanical action provided by a granular flow. Since no part fixing is needed and a lot of materials with complex geometries can be processed, it is a good candidate for the conditioning of additive-manufactured parts. An experimental plan has been designed considering aspects such as the involved granular motions, the charge composition, and the parts built orientation. The barrel finishing process parameters have been experimented by the development of the bed behavior diagrams in order to set a parameters window adequate for the finishing operation. The selective laser melting surface morphology and its evolution during the barrel finishing processing have been investigated via profilometric, macroscopic, and microscopic analysis: this allowed the evaluation of the conditioning action in terms of obtainable roughness and radiusing. Results showed a marked decreasing of the average roughness and an increasing of the edge radius. Finally, the modification in terms of dimensional accuracy and the mechanical properties of the finished parts have been evaluated.