Beginning Of XXth Century Research Articles

Благочиннический совет в Российской Православной Церкви начала ХХ в. (по материалам Ярославской епархии)

The article is devoted to study of deanery councils in Yaroslavl diocese of Russian Orthodox Church at the beginning of XX-th century. The author reveales the date of establishment of deanery councils (October 19, 1903) and analyzes the "Rules for Deanery Councils in the Yaroslavl Diocese". Special attention is paid to the changes of the regulatory framework of Deanery Councils and Deanery meetings during the period since 1903 to 1916. The article also explores the main directions of activity of Deanery Councils. The Deanery Council was a church governing body created to help the Dean. As a rule, the council consisted of a dean appointed by the diocesan leadership, and two members. The members of the council were elected at deanery meetings. On the scale of the entire Russian Church, Deanery Councils were established by the Local Council of 1917-1918, but in a number of dioceses they were created earlier. The clerical documents of the deanery councils of the Yaroslavl diocese have not been introduced into scientific circulation. Together with the reports of the deans, the journals of the meetings of the Yaroslavl general diocesan congresses of the clergy, materials from periodicals, these documents allow us to characterize the deanery councils as self-governing bodies of the clergy, which played a prominent role in the system of administration of the diocese. At their core, the Deanery Councils were the magistrates' courts for the clergy. They dealt with minor disciplinary offenses of clergy members, as well as civil disputes. The surviving documents make it possible to compose a picture of the most frequent offenses and disputes in the church environment. The documents also allow making a conclusion about dificult relationship between priests and the lower clergy - psalmists and deacons. In 1903-1916 the role of the lower clergy was increased in the activities of deanery councils and meetings. Since 1910 the psalmists and deacons had the voting right at deanery meetings. Archbishop Tikhon (Belavin) agreed at 1912 with the decision of the general diocesan congress of clergy: deacons and psalmists were included to the deanery councils.

Социально-демографический портрет политкаторжан поколения «революционного перелома» начала XX века

Study is devoted to analysis of social and demographic features of generation of the revolutionary turning point, which took an active part in the events of all-Russian revolutionary movement at the beginning of XXth century. The actuality of work is determined by necessity of study image of the left radical part of young peoples borned in 1890s. The biggest part of domestic and foreign researchers studying the similar issues take their attention on representatives of some parties or national groups, while the study of revolutionary movement through the "generational" section is resting poorly explored. According to author`s viewpoint using of generational approach will give possibility possible to deeply penetrate into the studying era, to understand the internal world and reasons of radicalization of moods of revolutionary turning point generation, which is the purpose of this study. The main source for writing the article was the biographical directory of the All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exiles, composed from personal profiles. The biographical data of participants in revolutionary movement formed basis for creation database table which gave possibility to analyze their main sociographic features. In order of study motivations for joining revolutionary organizations and reasons for radicalization of moods of young peoples, were studied the memories and autobiographies of political prisoners, preserved in the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF). In context of specific aim of study the authors were guided in the same time by historical-comparative, retrospective, and quantitative methods. In result of analysis of the personalized electronic database, the authors made some conclusions. Firstly it was distincted the heterogeneous national composition of the revolutionaries in which largest share was represented by Jews. Secondly it was shown that largest part of studied group joined in revolutionary movement at the age of 15-17 and in this context it wasn`t surprising that the high point of their revolutionary activity felt on years of the first Russian revolution. Thirdly, the analysis of the structure of class origin indicates about predominance of people from the petty-bourgeois class, while the children from peasant families felt under the influence of revolutionary ideas, as a rule, already in the cities. The educative level of young revolutionaries was low, but their radicalism non-rarely served as reason for expulsion from educational institution. Big part of young people was spontaneously involved to revolutionary movement, thus expressing their dissatisfaction by existing regime.

THE ROLE OF OBIDJON MAKHMUDOV`S ARTICLES AT THE "SADOYI FERGANA" NEWSPAPER IN THE SOCIO-POLITICAL AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY

This paper is devoted to the Obidjon Makhmudov articles` role inthe history of Turkestan at the end of 19th - in the beginning of XXth century. Articleprovides information about the large-scale reforms of the scientist as a publisher ofthe "Sadoyi Fergana" newspaper and a reformator.

Artistic phenomenon as ontological modus of Ukrainian modernism in the short stories at the end of XIXth – the beginning of XXth centuries

Artistic phenomenon as ontological modus of Ukrainian modernism in the short stories at the end of XIXth – the beginning of XXth centuries

Activities of the Muslim Community in Kyiv: the History of the First Mosque (end of XIXth - beginning of XXth century)

Activities of the Muslim Community in Kyiv: the History of the First Mosque (end of XIXth - beginning of XXth century)

Фемінізм в англійській літературі кінця XIX – початку XX ст. та особливості його прояву в українській (порівняльний аналіз на прикладі творчості Вірджинії Вулф та Лесі Українки

The article goes through the problem of British and Ukrainian feminism nature in the literature of the end of XIX-th – beginning of XX-th centuries basing on comparative, historical, cultural, philosophic and biographical research methods; determining the phenomenon’s peculiarities within both cultural paradigms. It is determined and proven that the feminism as a phenomenon is a principle which determines society’s spiritual development, the epoch maturity and allows one to see historical traditions as well as mentality of nations and countries. So for the most distinct problem’s outline and its peculiarities definition we have analyzed works by Virginia Wolf as a bright representative of the feminist literature and works by Lesya Ukrayinka as one of the most progressive writers of her time. It is determined and proven that features and peculiarities of feminism in British and Ukrainian literatures of the end of XIX-th – beginning of XX-th centuries are: they both were developing under the influence of similar social and cultural tendencies which proves common spiritual space, nations’ and cultures’ dialogue; nature of British and Ukrainian feminism differs in the historical conditions under which the phenomenon appeared (in the UK a woman was traditionally limited in her rights, her behavior was strictly dictated by the social tradition, her fate was foreseen by the unequal laws, whereas in Ukraine a woman had a right for education, was eligible to receive inheritance, she lived in a more flexible mental and cultural surrounding); feminism and its ideas in British and Ukrainian literatures are quite different in their manifestation rate, its position aggression (in British literature the problem is strictly outlined, dissatisfaction is expressed, feminism postulates and propaganda are present; though in Ukrainian literature there isn’t any special accentuation on the problem, rather a strong woman depiction is obvious); to describe British literature of the end of XIX-th – beginning of XX-th centuries it is appropriate to use the strongest definition – Feminist movement, with its manifests and strong presence in literature, whereas in Ukrainian literature having a quite strong position of a woman in society being outlined it’s more appropriate to use determinations like feminist ideas, feminist philosophy.

Польскамоўныя элементы ў беларускай анамастыцы (ХIХ – пачатак ХХI стст.)

In the article the Polish influence on Belarusian Onomastic system in the period of the XIX century and the beginning of the XXIth century are investigated. From the XIX and the beginning of XXth centuries two onomastic options are considered separately: the official Belarusian onomasticon presented in Russian documentary records and the unofficial onomasticon, which consisted of newspaper fixations of Belarusian toponyms and anthroponyms in Belarusian-language press of that time. The level of polonization of official and unofficial toponymy and antroponymy and degree of preservation of their Belarusian national identity are analyzed. In respect of the period of beginning of the XXIth century the manifestation of Polish-rice in toponymic and anthroponymic vocabulary group are traced. In toponymy the Polonized traditional forms and the erroneous writing are revealed, in anthroponymy – facial names that stand as monuments to the Belarusian-Polish cultural and historical ties.

ESKİ VAN ŞEHRİ'NDEKİ TÜRBE VE KÜMBETLER

The Old City of Van which is located on southern part of the Van Castle has been occupied by various civilizations since earlier times in the history until beginning of XXth century. Every civilization adorned the city with various kinds of architectural buildings in proportion as its cultural, economical and political strength. All these various cultures had important part in structurization of Old City of Van reflecting on civic, military and religious architecture. These built architectural structures left trace in the Old City of Van as marks in the city’s life. All architectural structures in the Old City of Van have been exposed to impacts of nature and treasure hunters’ ransack after Russians and Armenians had withdrawn in 1918 from the region which was occupied in 1915. Cupolas and Shrines are among those religious architectural buildings which were impacted by those negative effects. Total number of Cupolas and Shrines which were built in various parts of the Old City of Van in various periods as of various architectural style, is six. Among them, Husrev Pasha Cupola, Husrev Pasha Madrassah Shrines, Sheikh Abdurrahman Ghazi Cupola and Galip Pasha Cupola are restorated by Foundations General Directorate in various times. Restorations are not started yet for Timuroglu Dervis Mehmet Pasha Cupola that is observed as medium-damaged and Beylerbeyi Mehmet Emin Pasha Cupola that is entirely ruined by Van Earthquake of 2011 in the region. Survey, restitution and restoration application projects and conservation reports for Timuroglu Dervis Mehmet Pasha Cupola and Beylerbeyi Mehmet Emin Pasha Cupola have been prepared by Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Architecture.

Peter I in Russian liberal discourse of the second half of XIXth and the beginning of XXth centuries

Peter I in Russian liberal discourse of the second half of XIXth and the beginning of XXth centuries

Zabawy dzieci ziemiańskich w drugiej połowie XIX i na początku wieku XX w świetle pamiętnikarstwa

Games of landowning children in the in the second half of XIXth and at the beginning of XXth century in the light of the memories.The aim of this article is to show the playground of children from landowning families during the second half of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century. An attempt was made to present the playgrounds of wealthy children, their characteristics, space, and also to determine the place and role of play in the lives of children of landowners. The types of games for children, both boys and girls have been presented. Also children’s toys were made the subject of research. The conclusions presented have been based entirely on the analyses of diaries, memoirs and biographies of the representatives of landowning class.

Селянські рухи початку ХХ ст. в Російській імперії як чинник соціальних змін.

Селянські рухи початку ХХ ст. в Російській імперії як чинник соціальних змін.

Из приват-доцентов в «университетские старцы»: возраст профессоров императорского Казанского университета (вторая половина XIX - начало XX в.)

Из приват-доцентов в «университетские старцы»: возраст профессоров императорского Казанского университета (вторая половина XIX - начало XX в.)

Умови перебігу фінського та українського національних рухів у Російській імперії (ХІХ – початок ХХ ст.): компаративний аналіз

Умови перебігу фінського та українського національних рухів у Російській імперії (ХІХ – початок ХХ ст.): компаративний аналіз

Genesis of legal regulation of relations according to the contract of carriage in codification acts of civil law on the territory of Ukraine

The article investigates the development of legal regulation of relations in the contract of carriage in the acts of the codification of civil law in the Ukrainian lands. It analyzed the situation of such codification acts are highlighted in historical periods of legal regulation of relations in the contract of carriage. English abstract The article investigates the development of legal regulation of relations according to the contract of carriage in codification acts of civil law on the territory of Ukraine. It analyzes the provisions of codified acts, the historical periods of legal regulation of relations under the contract of carriage are distinguished in particular the period of formation, development, transformation and up-to-date period. The period of formation in legal regulation of relations under the contract of carriage ( the XIth century – the end of the XIIIth century) is characterized by the absence of legal regulation of contractual relations of transportation in the codification acts of civil law on the Ukrainian territories. The period of the development in the legal regulation of relations under the contract of carriage (the end of the XIIIth century – the beginning of XXth century.) during which some codification acts of civil law on the Ukrainian territory state that the relations of carriage are the subject to legal regulation, but the agreement of carriage is not considered as an individual form of civil and legal obligations. The period of transformation in the legal regulation of relations under the contract of carriage (the beginning of the XXth century - the end of the XXth century) is characterized by numerous changes in the legal regulation of relations under the contract of carriage. In the Civil Code of the Russian Empire in 1905 the first contract of carriage traffic is allocated as an independent form of commitment. The contract of carriage is not mentioned in the Civil Code of the Ukrainian SSR in 1922. With the adoption of the Civil Code of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1963 the contract of carriage is recognized as a separate civil contract. The modern period of legal regulation of relations under the contract of carriage (1991 - 2016) is characterized by the transition to private law principles regulating relations in the field of transportation which is reflected in the rules of the Civil Code of Ukraine, transport codes and statutes.

THE PURPOSE OF LIFE AND PROFESSIONAL APTITUDE IN THE INTERPRETATION OF NIKOLAI KAREEV

Purpose and methods. This article suggests a common analysis of the views and research of a famous Russian historian, philosopher, sociologist, lecturer, statesman and public figure Nikolai Kareev (1850-1931) in terms of self-development, purpose of life and professional aptitude. His works devoted to Russian students were very popular in Russia and some other countries of Western Europe at the end of XIXth and the beginning of XXth century. He paid great attention to the problems of students’ comprehensive and professional education, self-education and self-development. His ideas about the value and purpose of life, vocational attitude and professional aptitude are topical nowadays in aspects of constant social and individual perfection and self-management. Results. The modern situation requires new approaches to studying Kareev’s many-sided scientific heritage, especially in points of the history of economic studies, the history of socio-economic processes in Russia and in the countries of Western Europe, in the point of self-development and self-management dealing with the economic, political, historical and cultural processes in Russia at the end of XIXth and the beginning of XXth century. These problems of N. Kareeev’s scientific heritage have not been thoroughly studied yet.

Histoire du délire des actes

The author proposes an history about “acting delusion”, a short history, which started in the middle of xixth century to progressively decline at the beginning of xxth century. Originally, we can find this delusion in Pinel's and Esquirol's works but it wasn’t named like that. At present, we can find its repercussions in “psychopathic disorders”. We will see that it is in psychosis’ acting out that “acting delusion” can be compared. Of course, this expression is old-fashioned and quite confused but it seems to be also useful to consider, historically, that it asks us many interesting questions, for example: What could be a “delirious act”? The only act could be the sign of an underlying delusion? Finally, the “acting delusion” allows probably to return to the question of psychosis without delusion.

Histoire du délire des actes

The author proposes an history about “acting delusion”, a short history, which started in the middle of xixth century to progressively decline at the beginning of xxth century. Originally, we can find this delusion in Pinel's and Esquirol's works but it wasn’t named like that. At present, we can find its repercussions in “psychopathic disorders”. We will see that it is in psychosis’ acting out that “acting delusion” can be compared. Of course, this expression is old-fashioned and quite confused but it seems to be also useful to consider, historically, that it asks us many interesting questions, for example: What could be a “delirious act”? The only act could be the sign of a underlying delusion? Finally, the “acting delusion” allows probably to return to the question of psychosis without delusion.

Э. Г. Истомина Роль Волжского воднотранспортного бассейна в формировании регионального социоэкономического пространства Европейской России во второй половине XIX – начале XX века

Читать онлайн статью 'Роль Волжского воднотранспортного бассейна в формировании регионального социоэкономического пространства Европейской России во второй половине XIX – начале XX века', Э. Г. Истомина, в электронном журнале Исторический журнал: научные исследования. - 2013. - N2 на сайте nbpublish.com

Geomagnetic jerks characterization via spectral analysis

Abstract. In this study we have applied spectral techniques to analyze geomagnetic field time-series provided by observatories, and compared the results with those obtained from analogous analyses of synthetic data estimated from models. Then, an algorithm is here proposed to detect the geomagnetic jerks in time-series, mainly occurring in the eastern component of the geomagnetic field. Applying such analysis to time-series generated from global models has allowed us to depict the most important space-time features of the geomagnetic jerks all over the globe, since the beginning of XXth century. Finally, the spherical harmonic power spectrum of the third derivative of the main geomagnetic field has been computed from 1960 to 2002.5, bringing new insights to understand the spatial evolution of these rapid changes of the geomagnetic field.

CONCEPT AND ESSENCE OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT OF DOCTRINES OF THE RUSSIAN LAWYERS OF THE XIXth – THE BEGINNINGS OF THE XXth CENTURIES

In the article various approaches to concept and essence of the criminal punishment, developed by the Russian lawyers in the XIXth – the beginning of XXth centuries are analysed. In this connection the various points of view on the put problem are systematized and generalizing conclusions on understanding of criminal punishment during the considered period of development of Russian legal thought are drawn.