Beginning Of Communication Research Articles

The effect of cinema on human social behavior

Humans and creatures live by communication. The start moment of existence is the beginning of communication. But communication has taken different forms in different eras. Communication may be visual, auditory or sensory. In the world of beings, one of these communication methods is used as needed. In the field of visual communication, one of the most important parts is communication through images. This type of communication has been formed since the early times of human existence. Its signs are also petroglyphs that have been found in caves since the past centuries. This relationship changed shape in different eras and turned into painting, photography, and then into cinema and television images.Apart from being an art, cinema is an audio-visual medium that uses a combination of other arts to communicate with the audience. Nowadays, it is used in various ways to establish a communication bridge between cinema producers and social audiences. Because with it, they can convey the content they want to their audience. In essence, cinema is a bridge between the film producer and the target audience. But the type of use of this powerful and effective tool is different. In European and American countries, which are the founders of this means of communication, they use it well. But in the countries of the third world, especially the countries of the Middle East, especially Afghanistan, they could not use this magical tool to establish communication in order to change their society. The reason is the lack of sufficient knowledge of psychology, sociology, cultural studies and cinema technology and the power of image art to optimally use this means of mass communication.

Experiences of persons with multiple sclerosis of a collaborative care programme: A qualitative study.

This study aimed to explain the experiences of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) about the collaborative care programme. This qualitative study was conducted from July 2021 to March 2022. We conducted this study with individuals with MS who participated in the collaborative care programme in Hamadan, Iran. A purposive sampling with maximum variety was applied to recruit patients until data saturation. Eventually, 18 patients consented and were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The transcriptions of audio-checked interviews were analysed using a conventional content analysis approach of Graneheim and Lundman by MAXQDA 10, 2010 edition. The study identified three main categories. that emerged from the participants' experiences of collaborative care: the 'Beginning of Communication', which included two subcategories, 'Introduction and Acquaintance with Each Other' and 'Formation of Trust'; 'Mutual Interaction', which included three subcategories, 'Dialogue', 'Mutual Goal Setting' and 'Mutual Agreement of Care Solutions'; and 'Exchange of Targeted Behaviors', which included six categories, Implementation of Strategies for 'Nutritional Behaviors', 'Sleep and Rest', 'Constipation Relief', 'Promotion of Physical Activity and Exercise', 'Fatigue Reduction' and 'Stress Management'. The findings highlight the statistically significant role of collaborative care in MS management. Utilizing these research findings can update the development of interventions based on collaborative care, which can provide appropriate support to individuals with MS. Individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Piano education online: Challenges and solutions.

The research objectives are as follows: to consider the possibilities of modern digital technologies in education; to assess the impact of digital technology on the study of a work of art. The study results show the advantages and disadvantages of the WeChat software and the MOOC application, obtained on the basis of a survey of students. According to the WeChat software, 100% of students said they use the app. According to 100% (328 students) of the respondents, the advantage is free use; 98% (321 students) noted learning flexibility and ease of use; 85% (279 students) reported high quality sound and image; 83% (272 students) appreciated instant messages; 75% (246 students) enjoyed integrated screen sharing during conversation; 65% (213 students) reported call recording; 25% (82 students) enjoyed phone calls and protection of private conversations. According to 46% of respondents (151 students), the disadvantages are delay and poor audio quality at the beginning of communication; 42% (138 students) - inaccessibility to other incoming calls during a conversation; 35% (115 students) - difficulties associated with reading a text message received during a video chat; 20% (66 students) - lack of round-the-clock technical support.

Low latency Montgomery multiplier for cryptographic applications

In this modern era, data protection is very important. To achieve this, the data must be secured using either public-key or private-key cryptography (PKC). PKC eliminates the need of sharing key at the beginning of communication. PKC systems such as ECC and RSA is implemented for different security services such as key exchange between sender, receiver and key distribution between different network nodes and authentication protocols. PKC is based on computationally intensive finite field arithmetic operations. In the PKC schemes, modular multiplication (MM) is the most critical operation. Usually, this operation is performed by integer multiplication (IM) followed by a reduction modulo M. However, the reduction step involves a long division operation that is expensive in terms of area, time and resources. Montgomery multiplication algorithm facilitates faster MM operation without the division operation. In this paper, low latency hardware implementation of the Montgomery multiplier is proposed. Many interesting and novel optimization strategies are adopted in the proposed design. The proposed Montgomery multiplier is based on school-book multiplier, Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm and fast adders techniques. The Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm and school-book multiplier recommends cutting down the operands into smaller chunks while adders facilitate fast addition for large size operands. The proposed design is simulated, synthesized and implemented using Xilinx ISE Design Suite by targeting different Xilinx FPGA devices for different bit sizes (64-1024). The proposed design is evaluated on the basis of computational time, area consumption, and throughput. The implementation results show that the proposed design can easily outperform the state of the art

The Study of Implementation Policy of Additional Income for State Civil Servants inBengkulu Provincial Government of Indoneisa

The policy based on Bengkulu governor regulations number 52 of 2017 about the change of the Bengkulu governor regulations number 52 of 2017 about Provision of additional income for civil servants in Bengkulu Provincial Government shows that Bengkulu Provincial Government has attention and seriousness on issues of existence and well -being of civil servants in Bengkulu Province. In order to overcome the various problems that occur in government apparatus requiring comprehensive and ongoing handling, one of them is the provision of additional income with various forms and formulations. The problem of this research is how the implementation of Bengkulu governor regulations number 21 of 2018 about the change of Bengkulu governor regulations number 52 of 2017 about the provision of additional income for a civil servant in Bengkulu Provincial Government and what are the supporting and inhibiting factors of the implementation of the governor regulation. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. The informant in the research includes several informants involved in the policymaking, implementer, or actor policy from various regional employee organizations. The technique of data collection uses direct observation, detailed interview, interactive approach,, documentation study and focus group discussion (FGD). The data are analyzed by using several steps according to Miles, Huberman and Saldana's theory, in analyzing data, there are 3 steps that must be taken: data condensation, data display, drawing conclusion and verification. Data condensation refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting and transforming data. The data verification in this research uses triangulation techniques such as check, re-check and cross-check to the data obtained from the theory, methodology, and the researcher's perception. The result of the research shows that communication is done by involving several parties, in the beginning of communication done by Bengkulu governor with all regional employee organizations to synchronize the understanding dealing with the importance of providing additional employee income for civil servants. Resources; resources on the implementation of governor regulations about additional employee income are provided adequately, source of financial funds/funding that is provided large enough. Material resource/infrastructure is used to implement the provided policy adequately such as fingerprint, application software for additional employee income, and gadgets or mobile phones that is possible to use application or additional employee income programs. In the implementation of Bengkulu provincial government regulations for state civil servants in the Bengkulu government environment, characteristics, attitudes, and character of the executors showing honest, discipline, and responsible. On the other hand, there is a problem with the spirit of doing the job, especially in the performance report. There is a change that is going on as a whole on the life of the civil servant government apparatus in the whole Bengkulu Provincial Government, in quite a large number, about 7000 employees.

The Use of a Six-Level Model of Business Development in Practice

Research background:Globalization processes bring many advantages and disadvantages within the economic, political, social as well as ecological environment. The economic advantages come mainly from the possibility of finding cheaper production inputs, which results in better competitiveness of companies and the supply of goods at lower prices.Purpose of the article:In order to obtain a comprehensive view of the company’s development, it is appropriate to use a model of six levels of company development, which allows for a good structuring of general and specific conditions of company development.Methods:The paper deals with the analysis of individual levels of business development, which are described in more detail in the introduction, which was carried out through a questionnaire, observation, personal interviews, etc. It also contains suggestions for improvements where industrial engineering methods are used. The benefits of the following study may include the analysis of individual levels in practice, the design of the use of a six-level model at various levels of business development, increasing the abilities and skills of individual operators by introducing a substitution matrix that will include individual operators in the cells.Findings & Value added:Another benefit is an increase in motivation for employees, which will affect the work performance and quality of finished products using a new incentive system with various rewards. The information obtained about customers through the implementation of the CRM system provides all the information from the beginning of communication with the customers themselves and improved the clarity of the activities of individual employees.

Impact of contacts for message copies, mobile nodes and buffer size in delay-tolerant networks

Delay tolerant network is a mobile ad hoc network where there are no predefined routes from one node to another, which is used in disaster and emergency communications. Here, we concentrate the analysis of node contact on contact duration aware routings techniques and address the issues of variation of mobile nodes, message copies and buffer size using ONE simulator. We observe that contact increases per hour with the increase of mobile nodes, while goes up and down for varying message copies and remains approximately the same for buffer size, i.e., buffer size does not affect the achievement of contacts. While, inter-contact time (ICT) is high at the beginning of communication for three cases, i.e. for varying message copies, mobile nodes and buffer size. Higher contact time results in higher ICT and number of contacts for varying mobile nodes, while it remains slightly changed for varying message copies and fixed for varying buffer size.

Gender Differences in Early Communication, Language Acquisition and Development: A Descriptive Study

Parents pay a significant attention to the first words children utter. However, first words are not the actual beginning of communication. Much earlier, babies begin to communicate their feeling via making eye contact, pointing, crying, squealing, and other gestures. Furthermore, they perceive language earlier than making others understand them. The aim of this paper is to tackle the variations between the two sexes starting from the stages of language acquisition in normal children, the differences between the two genders in language vocalization within each stage. Next, the distinctions in acquiring a particular communicative competence and the causes behind this difference will be tackled. It has been found that femals show superiority in bubbling, uttering the first word, number of vocabularies, sentence complexity, and clarity of articulation; however, the difference is only one- or two-months exceedance and it disappears by the age of four. Moreover, some domains of superiority in grammar and spelling disappear in adolescence. It is also found that parents play a vital role in the accelerating language acquisition. Boys are more physically played with by the fathers, while girls are more talked to verbally by mothers. Psychological studies of language acquisition argue that girls’ brain develops certain aspects of language faster than the boys’ and vice versa, other aspects are more developed in boys than in girls. Finally, differences in the communicative competence are caused by the styles that children acquire from their parents and/or peer groups

Distributed Compressed Sensing Aided Sparse Channel Estimation in FDD Massive MIMO System

Massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO), which employs large number of antennas at the base station, can significantly boost the spectral efficiency and multiplexing gain. To fully exploit the huge array gain, the accurate channel state information is required at the transmitter side. However, the associated training overhead for downlink channel estimation consumes large amount of communication resource, especially for frequency division duplexing massive MIMO system. To address this issue, a distributed compressed sensing (DCS)-aided channel estimation approach is proposed, which fully exploits slow variation of the channel statistics in consecutive frames and spatially common sparsity within multiple subchannels in the frequency domain. Specifically, by exploiting the slow variation of the channel statistics, a hybrid training structure is proposed to probe the channel in the current frame based on the support information in previous frame. Then, a DCS-aided channel estimation algorithm, which combines least square method and DCS method, is proposed to estimate the two parts of channel vector in angular domain among different subcarriers. In addition, to effectively acquire the support information at the beginning of communication, a prior information estimation method is proposed by exploiting the uplink-downlink angular reciprocity. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the counterparts and is capable to significantly reduce the training overhead for channel estimation.

Ethnographical interview: field interviewer comments to the science play

The article is devoted to the field interviewer introspection to the ethnographical interview. The material for the introspection is the “science play” given by Dmitry Rogozin. As it is defined in the play, there are six methodological comments of the commentator-analyst. The author suggests his own perspective of the science play comments. Suggested comments refer to the structure of the play (the beginning of communication, communicative interaction), as well as to the strategies of the interviewer behavior (directive listening, asking qualifying questions, context management, reflexive position).

Data Partition and Communication On Parallel Heuristik Model Based on Clonal Selection Algorithm

Researchers conducted experiments on parallel algorithms, which are inspired by the clonal selection, called Clonal Selection Algorithm (CSA). This algorithm is a population-based heuristic solution. Course-grained parallelism model applied to improve the execution time. Inter-process communication overhead is addressed by adjusting the communication frequencies and size of data communicated. In this research, conducted experiments on six parallel computing models represent all possible partitions and communications. Experiments conducted using data of NP-Problem, Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The algorithm is implemented using the model of message passing libraries using MPJExpress. Experiments conducted in a cluster computation environment. Result shows the best parallelism model is achieved by partitioning the initial population data at the beginning of communication and the end of generation. Communication frequency can be up to per 1% of the population size generated. Using four dataset from TSPLib, this reseache shows effect of the communication frequency that increased the best cost, from 44.16% to 87.01% for berlin52.tsp; from 9.61% to 53.43% for kroA100.tsp, and from 12.22% to 17.18% for tsp225.tsp. With eight processors, using communication frequency will be reduced the execution time e.g 93.07%, 91.60%, 89.60%, 74.74% for burma14.tsp, berlin52.tsp, kroA100.tsp, and tsp225.tsp respectively. We conclude that frequency of communication greatly affects the execution time, and also the best cost. It improved execution time and best cost.

HOW TO COMMUNICATE WITH A SPEECH IMPAIRED PERSON? A CASE STUDY OF A SUBJECT WITH MOSAIC PATAU SYNDROME

1. Introduction Any oral communication is an unsmooth system by its nature, characterized by various interferences, complications, misunderstandings and faltering. More problems arise when one conversation partner possesses very limited opportunities for self-expression. People with impaired speech encounter difficulties in asserting themselves, because the lack of speech complicates communication significantly and decreases drastically the possibilities of making oneself understood. Problems accompanying speech disorders cause unevenness of communication and impede achievement of the goals or realization of the intentions that the involved parties had at the beginning of communication. The author of the current study considers it important to develop a suitable communication methodology for individuals with expressive speech impairment and for their communication partners. In order to accomplish this objective, it is first necessary to explore communication of this type. The subject of the research is a female born in 1990. Her clinical picture involves the mosaic form of Patau syndrome, also known as trisomy 13, which has caused severe mental retardation and restrains the development of her speech. The accompanying diagnosis is dyspraxia--language impairment, which has mainly affected the production of speech, but not the ability to comprehend the talk addressed to her. She was diagnosed in 2006 at the Genetics Institute of the United Laboratories of Tartu University Hospital (Ounap 2006). Research questions. The current article belongs to the field of qualitative research, and seeks an answer to the question how to communicate with a specific person with impaired speech so that all participants of the communicative situation would understand each other, in other words--how to reach a positive end result and to achieve the goal, which was the reason for starting the communication. In order to respond to this question, both successful and unsuccessful communication events are analysed. Three communicative situations are under observation (two between the mother and the daughter, and one with three participants). The first two occasions required several conversation rounds and corrections, before the message that the study subject wished to transfer was revealed. No misunderstandings occurred in the third communication event and two communicators comprehended each other quickly. In order to formulate the answer to the main question, it is necessary to determine the communication modalities which the study subject utilizes for expressing herself in these three situations, and to explore which communication modalities are more understandable to her interlocutor(s) and which cause confusion for some reason. Domain and methods. This article belongs to the domain of clinical communication studies. Discourse analysis (DA) has been used for analysing the material. The means of linguistic anthropology have also been applied, particularly the SPEAKING model of Dell Hymes (Hymes 1972), which was developed for assessing how language is used in specific speech communities, and Michael Agar's (1994) MAR analysis. A suitable collective designation for close observation belonging to the frame of discourse analysis and methods of Hymes and Agar is qualitative microanalysis, which enables to focus on the details of communication. The study concentrates on communicative situations as events of oral discourse, discourse is disserted as language (or some other communication modality) in use, and the analysis explores the role of each specific modality on construction of meaning. 2. Medical background data of the subject. Previous researches on the communication of people with the mosaic form of Patau syndrome and dyspraxia Unsmooth co-functioning of the human brain and linguistic capability, and the occurrence of communicative problems is undoubtedly a topic of vital importance. Communication in the clinical context is of interest in medicine, psychology, special education, linguistic anthropology, sociolinguistics, pragmatics, semiotics and gesture studies, when only a few domains are to be mentioned. …

Secure Ubiquitous Sensor Network based on Elliptic Curve MenezesQu Vanstoneas Status Data Supply of EnvironmentinDisaster Management

Along with the many environmental changes, it enables a disaster either natural or man-made objects. One of the efforts made to prevent disasters from happening is to make a system that is able to provide information about the status of the environment that is around. Many developments in the sensor system makes it possible to load a system that will supply real-time on the status of environmental conditions with a good security system. This study created a supply system status data of environmental conditions, especially on bridges by using Ubiquitous Sensor Network. Sensor used to detect vibrations are using an accelerometer. Supply of data between sensors and servers using ZigBee communication protocol wherein the data communication will be done using the Elliptic Curve Integrated security mechanisms Encryption Scheme and on the use of Elliptic Curve key aggrement Menezes-Qu-Vanstone. Test results show the limitation of distance for communication is as far as 55 meters, with the computation time for encryption and decryption with 97 and 42 seconds extra time for key exchange is done at the beginning of communication .Keywords: Ubiquitous Sensor Network, Accelerometer, ZigBee,Elliptic Curve Menezes-Qu-Vanstone

Feedback capacity of the first-order moving average Gaussian channel

Despite numerous bounds and partial results, the feedback capacity of the stationary nonwhite Gaussian additive noise channel has been open, even for the simplest cases such as the first-order autoregressive Gaussian channel studied by Butman, Tiernan and Schalkwijk, Wolfowitz, Ozarow, and more recently, Yang, Kavccaronicacute, and Tatikonda. Here we consider another simple special case of the stationary first-order moving average additive Gaussian noise channel and find the feedback capacity in closed form. Specifically, the channel is given by Yi=Xi+Zi, i=1,2,..., where the input {X i} satisfies a power constraint and the noise {Zi} is a first-order moving average Gaussian process defined by Zi=alphaUi-1+Ui, |alpha|les 1, with white Gaussian innovations Ui, i=0,1,.... We show that the feedback capacity of this channel is CFB=-log x0 where x0 is the unique positive root of the equation rhox2=(1-x2)(1-|alpha|x)2 and rho is the ratio of the average input power per transmission to the variance of the noise innovation Ui. The optimal coding scheme parallels the simple linear signaling scheme by Schalkwijk and Kailath for the additive white Gaussian noise channel-the transmitter sends a real-valued information-bearing signal at the beginning of communication and subsequently refines the receiver's knowledge by processing the feedback noise signal through a linear stationary first-order autoregressive filter. The resulting error probability of the maximum likelihood decoding decays doubly exponentially in the duration of the communication. Refreshingly, this feedback capacity of the first-order moving average Gaussian channel is very similar in form to the best known achievable rate for the first-order autoregressive Gaussian noise channel given by Butman

The Case for Privacy

I would be willing to bet that since the beginning of communication, back in prehistoric times, there have always been things that were meant to be kept private. From the location of the best fishing spot to a secret passage into the cave next door, certain facts have been reserved only for a few knowledgeable friends. These facts may even be so private that only one person in the world should know them. We have made “societal rules” for those things that we want to keep private or share among only a few, but still the concept of privacy expectations comes with an unwritten social code. Wherever a code of privacy exists, there is concern over its violation. Have computers brought this about? Certainly not! Maintaining privacy has always been important, and even more important are the methods we have used to try to keep that data secret. Today in our wired society, however, we still face the same primary threat to privacy that has existed for centuries: mistakes and carelessness of the individuals who have been entrusted to preserve privacy. Maybe even the owner of the data itself.

Intensive Interaction with a Woman with Multiple and Profound Disabilities: A Case Study

Intensive interaction (II) recognises the pre‐verbal nature of adults with profound learning disabilities and mimics the early attachment process to develop the very beginnings of communication and sociability. This paper Reports on the use of II with a remote and withdrawn adult with severe learning disabilities and visual impairments, who engaged in serious self‐injurious behaviour. The results indicate that the intervention was successful in facilitating the development of the first stages of social and communication skills.