Taenia Saginata Research Articles

Prevalence and seasonal fluctuations of intestinal parasitic infections in the Nablus area, West Bank of Jordan.

A total of 22,970 stool specimens collected from patients attending the Central Medical Laboratory in the city of Nablus in the period of 1981-1986 were examined for intestinal parasites. Of these 7412 (32.3%) were positive. Entamoeba histolytica (22.9%), Giardia lamblia (7.3%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.7%) were the most prevalent intestinal parasites found. Other intestinal parasites present included Hymenolepis nana, Trichomonas hominis, Trichuris trichiura, Taenia saginata, Enterobius vermicularis and Strongyloides stercoralis. Seasonal occurrence of intestinal parasites in the West Bank of Jordan was also studied in the period January 1981-August 1987. Lower prevalence rates of intestinal parasites generally occurred during winter and early spring. Peak incidence occurred during summer and early autumn. The reasons for these seasonal variations are discussed.

Excreted/secreted products of developing Taenia saginata metacestodes

Excretions and secretions (ES) and somatic components of 4, 8, 12 and 16-week-old Taenia saginata metacestodes were biosynthetically radio-isotope labelled by incubating the larvae in the presence of [35S]methionine. Despite their small size, 4-week-old metacestodes produced as much isotope-labelled ES/parasite as older metacestodes, indicating a proportionately greater metabolic activity of the parasite at this age. In situ the 4-week-old metacestodes were surrounded by a marked granulomatous cellular infiltrate which had largely resolved around 8-week-old metacestodes. Examination of the isotope-labelled ES by SDS-PAGE revealed distinct age-specific components from 4- and 12-week-old metacestodes and other ES components which were produced by all the ages of metacestodes examined. In comparison the labelled somatic components were conserved. Antigenic characterization of the ES by immunoprecipitation against a panel of clinically defined bovine sera combined with SDS-PAGE analysis, identified some highly immunogenic parasite products and others which did not elicit an antibody response demonstrable by immunoprecipitation. These components are of interest in relation to the host/parasite relationship, to the construction of diagnostic assays for the detection of T. saginata cysticercosis, and to the immunity that cattle develop against this parasite.

Performance of Weaned Beef Calves Given Levamisole and Famphur or Ivermectin

Summary In November three groups of weaned steers and heifers, representing five breeds, were assigned to one of three treatments: Control group (CT); .07 g/kg body weight levamisole gel and .33 ml/kg body weight famphur pour-on (LF); or 200 ug/kg body weight ivermectin 1% injectable (IV). Twenty-four animals were assigned to each group, blocking on breed, sire within breed and sex. Weights and lice ( Linognathus vituli ) and grub ( Hypoderma spp.) counts were taken on day 0, 14, 28 and 100. Feces were sampled on these days to determine eggs per gram (EPG) for five common internal parasites: whipworm ( Trichuris spp.), hookwork ( Bunostomum phlebotomum ), threadnecked worm ( Nematodirus spp,), beef tapeworm ( Moniezia benedeni ), gastrointenstinal nematodes ( Strongyles ) and one protozoa: coccidia. Initial average weights for calves receiving CT, LF and IV were 189±4, 179±4 and 185±4 kg, respectively. Day-100 weights of these respective groups of calves were 206±5, 213±5 and 220±5 kg with weights for CT being less than those for LF and IV (P ◄ .06). Average daily gain (ADG) of these respective groups of calves was, 18±.03, .34±.03 and .35±.03 kg/day with gains for CT being less than those for LF and IV (P ◄ .01) with no difference between LF and IV. The EPG for CT were higher than for LF and IV (P ◄ .05) for gastrointenstinal nematodes, threadnecked worms and hookworms on days 14 and 28, and for gastrointenstinal nematodes and hookworms on day 100. The EPG for LF were lower than for IV (P ◄ .05) for threadnecked worms on day 14 and higher for gastrointestinal nematodes on day 28. The EPG for LF and IV did not differ on day 100. These results indicate that both LF and IV are effective in controlling internal and external parasites of weaned beef calves.

A Potential Diagnostic Reagent for Bovine Cysticercosis

A fraction of larval Taenia hydatigena cyst fluid was shown to have high sensitivity and specificity in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of bovine antibodies to the heterologous parasite Taenia saginata. This antigenically active lipoprotein fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugal density flotation using either ammonium sulfate (specific gravity = 1.231 g per ml) or NaCl/KBr (specific gravity = 1.225 g per ml), followed by ion-exchange chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated that this fraction was composed of high molecular weight (65,000 to 77,000 Mr) and low molecular weight (9,500 to 16,000 Mr) proteins. Electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions in either acrylamide (5%) or agarose (1%) resulted in 1 major diffuse band staining for both protein and lipid. The high and low molecular weight proteins observed on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions could not be resolved by gel filtration chromatography and emerged as a single lipoprotein peak. This T. hydatigena cyst fluid fraction appears promising as a diagnostic reagent in the ELISA for bovine cysticercosis.

Use of Peracetic Acid in Operational Sewage Sludge Disposal to Pasture

Intestinal pathogens and parasites are a problem associated with the disposal of sewage sludge to pasture. Those of major importance are ova of the beef tapeworm (Taenia saginata) and Salmonella bacteria. Techniques for routine monitoring of pathogens and intestinal parasite levels in sludge together with design of simple methods for their removal have intensified, because disposal of sewage sludge to pasture is coming under increasing international surveillance. The performance during field trials of a proprietary peracetic acid compound (containing 36 to 40% w/w peracetic acid), hereafter referred to as PAA (100%), is described. These trials under operational conditions showed it to be a suitable bacterial and ovicidal agent for the disinfection of raw, digested and activated sludges. Concentrations ranging from 250 to 1000 mg PAA/l have achieved up to 99% inhibition of hatching and up to 100% destruction in viability of tapeworm embryos suspended in raw and digested sludges. Similarly these concentrations resulted in 5 log reductions in salmonellae seeded in raw sludge. A dose of 250 mg PAA/1 reduced salmonellae levels from 4600 organism/100cm3 to <30/100cm3 during gravity thickening of surplus activated sludge. Results from 46 tanker loads of consolidated surplus activated sludge revealed that salmonellae levels were reduced from 2400 organisms/100 cm3 to <30/100 cm3 at doses of 500, 400 and 300 mg PAA/1. At a lower dose of 150 mg PAA/1 levels were reduced to within a range of <30 to 430 organisms/100 cm3. At optimum disinfection concentrations for the destruction of both bacteria and parasites, PAA was rapidly utilised resulting in safe, readily biodegradable, non-toxic residuals. The technical and practical benefits, principals of disinfecting sludge and ecological safeguards are highlighted in this paper. Use is made of case histories to describe practical operating techniques.

Immunodiagnosis of giardiasis by ELISA and studies on cross-reactivity between the anti-Giardia lamblia antibodies and some heterologous parasitic antigens and fractions.

Specific antibodies against Giardia lamblia in 92 sera from asymptomatic carriers were investigated by ELISA. Using cyst antigen, antibodies were detected in 91 of the sera, by means of alkaline phosphatase-labelled antispecies immunoglobulin. The E/405nm values of the positive sera ranged between 0.350 and 1.700, whereas in the 78 control sera they were 0.270 +/- 0.220. Cross-reactivity between the anti-G. lamblia antibodies and 18 heterologous parasitic antigens and fractions was also studied. Cross-reactions were observed with antigens of Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis spp., Leishmania donovani, Fasciola hepatica Y, F. hepatica I, Echinococcus granulosus AM, Cysticercus tenuicollis, Taenia saginata, Dipylidium caninum Y, D. caninum I, Trichuris suis Y, T. suis I, Trichinella spiralis and Litomosoides carinii. No cross-reactions were observed with the antigens and fractions of Entamoeba histolytica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Schistosoma mansoni and Echinococcus granulosus Y. The results show that the ELISA could be easily and very successfully applied for routine diagnosis of giardiasis.

Prevention of Taenia Saginata and Cysticercosis

Prevention of Taenia Saginata and Cysticercosis

The measurement of Ascaris suum protein by radioimmunoassay in sera from patients with helminthiasis and with gastrointestinal diseases.

In this study, we have developed a reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for Ascaris suum protein (Asp) and have measured the serum concentration of Asp in control subjects and in patients with helminthiasis and a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. The cross-reactivities of Asp antibody with other helminth worm antigens were also measured by RIA. Ascaris lumbricoides contained approximately the same amount of Asp antigenic substance as did Ascaris suum. Toxocara canis had a high concentration of a substance partially cross-reactive with Asp. Small amounts of substance cross-reacting with Asp were also exhibited by Anisakis larvae, Schistosoma japonicum and Taenia saginata. However, no cross-reactivities of Fasciola hepatica and Paragonimus westermani with Asp were observed in this study. Almost all the serum levels of Asp from normal control subjects were below the sensitivity of this RIA (10 ng/ml). High concentrations of Asp were observed in sera from patients with ascariasis (64.5 +/- 18.8 ng/ml: mean +/- S.E.), anisakiasis (75.2 +/- 28.0 ng/ml), toxocariasis (78.4 +/- 31.3 ng/ml) and schistosomiasis japonica (14.3 +/- 3.4 ng/ml). Asp levels in sera from patients with other helminthiasis were not significantly high. From these findings, it was suggested that RIA for Asp may not be specific for diagnosis of ascariasis, but might be a suitable screening method for patients with some kinds of helminthiasis. Interestingly, high concentrations of Asp were also observed in sera from patients with ulcerative colitis (24.8 +/- 2.5 ng/ml) and Crohn's disease (19.8 +/- 5.2 ng/ml), but Asp levels from 7 other gastrointestinal diseases seemed not to be significantly high. These findings remain unexplained but may derive from cross-reactivities between helminthic and gut mucosal antigens.

Duration of immunity and absorption of cysticerci in calves after treatment of Taenia saginata cysticercosis with praziquantel

Calves were first infected with 5000 Taenia saginata eggs at six to 10 weeks old and treated with praziquantel 12 weeks later. Complete immunity against challenge lasted for at least 12 weeks following anthelmintic treatment. Six months after drug treatment over 90 per cent of the cysticerci had been completely absorbed but some were still detectable especially in the heart. An increase was observed in the ELISA values of sera from infected calves following treatment with praziquantel, but no such rise was detected in sera from resistant calves after challenge infection.

Transparency Master: General Tapeworm Structure

Research Article| February 01 1983 Transparency Master: General Tapeworm Structure Lauritz A. Jensen Lauritz A. Jensen Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1983) 45 (2): 100–101. https://doi.org/10.2307/4447640 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Lauritz A. Jensen; Transparency Master: General Tapeworm Structure. The American Biology Teacher 1 February 1983; 45 (2): 100–101. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4447640 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1983 The National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Parasites and the land application of sewage sludge with particular reference to taenia saginata

Sewage sludge is a cheap source of some nutrients for the soil but odour production, sometimes the presence of heavy metals and the possibility of sludge acting as a vehicle for persistent zoonotic pathogens have to be considered. Taenia saginata appears to be the most important parasite in temperate climates where sludge is used on grassland. Because there are so many possible routes of transmission it is not possible to quantify the role of sludge in the epidemiology of this parasite. Sludge may be disinfected before use by procedures involving heat or irradiation. Otherwise it is necessary to allow an interval of from 6 weeks to 6 months between application and allowing cattle to graze. Further research is required to establish the exact length of the interval required and also on least-cost disinfection procedures for sludge with regard to this parasite.

Correlation of infection rate of intestinal helminths in japanese inhabiting tropical countries with degree of pollution of drinking water.

Many Japanese inhabit tropical countries, and some of them are suffering from infectious diseases. In order to know the relationship between the prevalence of these diseases and the degree of faecal pollution of the drinking water, we have examined the drinking water in these countries of the world, and at the same time we have studied the infection rate of intestinal helminths of the Japanese who stayed 6 months or more in these countries.In total over 300 samples of drinking water from countries of South East and South West Asia, Middle East, East Africa and Central and South America were tested with potassium permanganate consumed test, and number of coliform bacilli from the drinking water was counted after cultivation. Relatively high proportion of samples appeared to be polluted by faecal matters. Then, we checked parasite eggs in the stool samples of Japanese who used the water samples in the tropical countries actually. Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Taenia saginata and Clonorchis sinensis were found among the Japanese. Infection rate of intestinal helminths was proved to be highest among Japanese in Indonesia, and the rate was followed by those of people in South West Asia, in East Africa and in Central and South America. The relationship between the infection rate of intestinal helminths and the degree of pollution of the drinking water was studied. Significant relationship was observed between the infection rate of intestinal parasites of the Japanese inhabitants and the rate of water containing 102 or more/ml of coliform and of total micro-organisms (r=0.957). However, no relationship between the infection rate of Enterobius verinicularis among the Japanese children there and the degree of the pollution of drinking water was found.

Histopathological and histoenzymatic studies on experimental Taenia saginata cysticercosis

In young Taenia saginata cysticerci the reactions for alkaline phosphatase (AlPh), acid phosphatase (AcPh), ATP-ases, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and lacto dehydrogenase (LDH) were mild. The reactions were concentrated in the walls of spiral canals (AlPh, SDH) and in the outer layer of the bladder (AlPh). The reactions were more intensive in older cysticerci. In these, the reaction of AlPh marked a network of blood vessels winding around the larva. In dying cysticerci the reactions for oxidative enzymes (SDH, LDH) were weaker but the activity of the hydrolytic enzymes (AlPh, AcPh) was increased. These findings suggest that histoenzymatic reactions may be helpful in determining the viability and the age of cysticerci. T. saginata cysticerci in sheep and goats provoked an early and intensive cellular reaction. The histopathological appearance of the cysticerci as they were destroyed in the abnormal hosts was similar to that of cysticerci localized in abnormal tissue of the natural host (e.g., lung of calves). Treatment with mebendazole caused an intensive infiltrative reaction against dying cysticerci and a degenerative process in the surrounding muscle tissue. The treatment with praziquantel provoked a weak infiltration around dead cysticerci and did not affect the muscle tissue. In both cases the remnants of T. saginata cysticerci disappeared very slowly.

A comparison of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the indirect haemagglutination technique applied to sera from cattle experimentally infected with Taenia saginata (Goeze, 1782)

The serological response of 6 calves to experimental oral infection with between 60,000 and 100,000 Taenia saginata eggs at 3–12 months of age was monitored by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the tanned cell indirect haemagglutination technique (IDH). A serum antibody response was detected by both techniques by 2–3 weeks post infection, rising to a plateau about 4–6 weeks post infection. The serum antibody levels began to decline by about 30 weeks post infection. Two uninfected control cattle gave negative reactions. In addition, the serological response of 5 calves which had received a dose of 10,000 T. saginata eggs at 2–3 days of age and then weekly serial doses of 500 eggs for 12 months thereafter, was compared with a similar group of 5 calves, which had received the single infection of 10,000 eggs at 2–3 days of age only. Calves in both groups developed an antibody response detectable by the ELISA technique whereas those in a group of 5 control calves did not show such a response. When studied individually however there was marked variation in the serum antibody levels of these young cattle, as although some calves gave a relatively strong serological response, others hardly varied from the controls.

A Case Of Taenia Saginata Infection Involving Gallbladder And Common Bile Duct.

A 77-year old man living in Kyunggi-Do, Korea was surgically treated at Seoul National University Hospital on April 1981, because of acute abdomen. At laparotomy, a 1.77m long adult Taenia saginata was found both in gallbladder and in common bile duct to cause acute gangrenous cholecystitis. The relevant literature were reviewed and possible mechanisms of the disease were discussed.

Immunisation of calves against Taenia saginata infection using antigens collected by in vitro incubation of T saginata oncospheres or ultrasonic disintegration of T saginata and T hydatigena oncospheres

The intramuscular injection of calves with antigens (in oil adjuvant) collected during 14 day in vitro cultivation of Taenia saginata oncospheres and centrifuged at 500 g, stimulated a high level of resistance against challenge infection with eggs. When calves were immunised with antigens which had been collected during short-term (24 hour and 72 hour) in vitro incubation in culture medium and centrifuged at 3000 g, a significant but much less striking degree of immunity was produced. Calves immunised with a single injection (in oil adjuvant) of 30,000 T saginata oncospheres, disrupted by ultrasonic disintegration, also developed a high level of immunity to a subsequent challenge infection. A supernatant of the sonicated T saginata oncospheres centrifuged at 100,000 g stimulated a lesser degree of immunity. Sonicated T hydatigena oncospheres were less effective than T saginata oncospheres although they did stimulate a significant level of protection. The results suggest that prolonged periods of in vitro incubation of hatched and activated taeniid oncospheres are not necessary to collect antigens which will stimulate immunity to infection and that the antigens which stimulate protective immunity may initially be membrane associated or particulate in nature. Sonication produces only partial solubilisation of these antigens.

Isolation of fraction no. 10 from Taenia saginata and evaluation of its specificity for the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis.

In an attempt to prove the specificity of the crude Taenia saginata antigen for the immunodiagnosis of bovine cysticercosis, a major and highly immunogenic fraction (F10), responsible for the formation of the typical "long band" reaction in immunoelectrophoresis, has been isolated from T. saginata proglottides by immunoaffinity chromatography. The immunoabsorbent was prepared by coupling a specifically raised hyperimmune serum (HIS) anti-F10 to Sepharose 4B. The purity of the isolated F10 was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation reactions. The HIS anti-F10, however, cross-reacted with several larval and adult Taenia spp. Consequently, F10 showed cross-reactions with the sera of animals infected with hydatid cysts or larval T. hydatigena. F10 also reacted with HIS anti-F5 (Echinococcus granulosus) but was shown to be non-identical with the well known F5 of E. granulosus. These data prove that F10 of T. saginata was not species-specific but showed a group specificity for the taeniid family - a situation analogous to F5 of E. granulosus.

Tapeworms, Meat and Man: A Brief Review and Update of Cysticercosis Caused by Taenia Saginata and Taenia Solium

Three species of tapeworms may be transmitted to man by ingestion of animal flesh: Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, and Diphyllobothrium latum. The first two are the subject of this brief review which concentrates on recent studies in the field and emphasizes concepts of importance in detection, control, and prevention of cysticercosis. T. saginata cysticercosis in beef (beef measles) continues to be a concern in developed countries such as the United States, as well as in developing areas such as East Africa where the infection is widespread. The high standards of meat inspection in the United States have not succeeded in eliminating beef cysticercosis which is seen primarily in feedlot cattle originating in the southwestern U.S. However, it should not be viewed as a strictly regional problem, due to the widespread movement of animals and meat within the United States. Beef cysticercosis is costly due to the special treatment required of infected carcasses; serious effects on human health are rare. In contrast, T. solium cysticercosis in swine (pork measles) is rarely reported in areas such as the U.S., Canada, and most European countries, but is still a definite human health concern in Mexico, some other Latin American nations and parts of Africa and Asia. In addition to being a financial burden, T. solium is a serious public health threat in those countries where it is prevalent.

Effect of albendazole on the metacestodes of Taenia saginata in calves.

Albendazole, a benzimadazole-carbamate anthelmintic, has been shown to effectively cause destruction of the metacestodes of Taenia saginata in calves.

Studies on the intestinal parasites in African patients in Owamboland, South West Africa

The paper gives the results of a survey of intestinal parasites among 501 in-patients drawn from four mission hospitals in Owambo and Kavango in northern South West Africa. Most of the patients (90%) were examined twice by the formol-ether concentration method, while the remaining 10% had one stool specimen examined. 10 species of helminths and 3 species of potentially pathogenic protozoa were recorded— Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni, Hymenolepis nana, Taenia saginata, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Fasciola gigantica, Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, and Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Balantidium coli. The loads of Necator americanus were recorded in a few cases. The results are compared with those of some other Central and Southern African countries. 96 blood smears were examined for filaria and 46 patients were tested for bilharzia using the bilharzial skin test. Both groups gave only negative results.