Bed Room Research Articles

Home warmth and health status of COPD patients

Home Energy Efficiency guidelines recommend domestic indoor temperatures of 21 degrees C for at least 9 h per day in living areas. Is health status of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) associated with maintaining this level of warmth in their homes? In a cross-sectional observational study of patients, living in their own homes, living room (LR) and bedroom (BR) temperatures were measured at 30 min intervals over 1 week using electronic dataloggers. Health status was measured with the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and EuroQol: EQ VAS. Outdoor temperatures were provided by Met Office. One hundred and forty eight patients consented to temperature monitoring. Patients' mean age was 69 (SD 8.5) years, 67 (45%) male, mean percentage of predicted Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV(1)) 41.7 (SD 17.4). Fifty-eight (39%) were current smokers. Independent of age, lung function, smoking and outdoor temperatures, poorer respiratory health status was significantly associated (P = 0.01) with fewer days with 9 h of warmth at 21 degrees C in the LR. A sub analysis showed that patients who smoked experienced more health effects than non-smokers (P < 0.01). Maintaining the warmth guideline of 21 degrees C in living areas for at least 9 h per day was associated with better health status for COPD patients. Patients who were continuing smokers were more vulnerable to reduction in warmth.

STUDY ON DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT FOR THE PARSONS WITH AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS

The purpose of this study is to investigate how residential environment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The following approach was the breath muscle, because of indicate disease progression. The information presented in medical equipment used in their home. The issue of medical equipment is not irrelevant to methods of remodeling the home. A further important point is to planning the bed room because of being greatly influenced by the disease progression it relates activity of daily living in specially excretion and urination. It is concluded that requested not only kept enough space but also sanitary environment in home.

The Extreme Connection Between Bodies and Houses

The Extreme Connection Between Bodies and Houses

실내 포름알데히드 농도에 미치는 식물의 영향

Formaldehyde is a typical indoor air pollutant that has numerous adverse health problems in modern living conditions. Phytoremediation that use plants to remove contaminants from polluted media can be applied to improve indoor air quality. Two sets of experiments; 1) two rooms in newly built auditorium and 2) a bed room in 2-year-old apartment; were performed to investigate plant effects on indoor formaldehyde concentration. It was observed from the experiments that plant can help decontaminating formaldehyde at low concentration level (0.1 ppm) but the effects decreased considerably at hish concentration (1ppm). The purification effects of indoor plant also showed the periodic pattern due to its physiological activity. More purification was observed as increasing plant density in the bed room but the formaldehyde concentration returned the original concentration level in two days after removing plants. It was suggested from the results that air purification using plants is an effective means of reduction on indoor formaldehyde level, though, reduction of source is highly desirable when the concentration level is high. The results also suggest that introducing supplementary purifying aids and/or efficient ventilation could be considered due to periodic removal pattern of plant.

Residential Radon and Lung Cancer: Results Form an Ecologic Study in the Swiss Alps

P-185 Introduction: Radon is a radioactive gas presents in the earth crust that emerges from soils and rocks. Outdoor concentrations of radon generally are low. The main concern is the concentration of radon inside buildings, which may vary depending of the concentration of radon in the soil, the permeability of the ground, construction, building material, and ventilation of the house. Indoor concentration of radon is of concern in the development of lung cancer and known to be responsible of 8% of lung cancer cases in Switzerland. The purpose of this study was to investigate if communes more exposed to residential radon had higher incidence rates of lung cancer in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. Methods: We performed an ecological study using as aggregation level all 160 communes from the canton of Valais. Lung cancer (International Classification of Disease 9th revision code 162) cases were identified by the Tumour Registry of canton of Valais. Between 1989 and 2000, 1083 cases in men and 320 in women were recorded. Residential radon exposure was measured by the Cantonal Laboratory of the canton of Valais between 1991 and 2004 in 2106 dwelling, including 1969 houses with measures in living room or bed room, 662 in basement or rooms where people do not live. Dwellings were chosen over the communes' territory to be geographically representative of the entire commune. Results: The median radon by communes ranged from 21 to 374 Bq/m3. Thirteen communes were considered having a high risk with a mean radon levels ≥ 200 Bq/m3, and 43 communes a high or medium risk with a mean ≥ 100 Bq/m3. For these data aggregated at the commune level, the standardized rate ratio for lung cancer in men was 1.19 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.36) for communes with mean radon levels ≥ 100 Bq/m3 and 1.31 (95% CI 1.10–1.57) for communes with mean radon levels ≥ 200 Bq/m3. In women, none of the relationships were statistically significant. Discussion and Conclusions: In this ecologic study lung cancer incidence was associated with residential radon exposure. These results need to be interpreted with caution given the nature of the ecologic design, which allows only yielding hypotheses for further research. However, these findings provide important information to health authorities about the scale of the relationship between radon exposure and lung cancer in Switzerland and on the need of conducting a case-control study in order to get more precise estimate.

Psychological Response and Permissible Limit of Intermittent Rattling Noise of Fittings by Low Frequency Noise

Psychological responses and permissible limits of 20 subjects under intermittent rattling noise of a fitting were measured. A subject sits in front of the fitting with glass plates and answers questionnaires for psychological state in/after exposure of intermittent rattling noise from the fitting exposed to low frequency noise. The fitting rattles 10 s cyclically with silent time. The values of ‘loud’, ‘can't bear as living room’ and ‘can't bear as bed room’ increase according to duty factors of rattle time. Permissible limits were measured by LAeq 5 s of rattling noise adjusted by subjects themselves. The permissible limit decreases according to duty factor. Calculated LAeq from LAeq 5 s was almost constant.

124 低周波音によって発生する断続的ながたつき音に対する心理反応と許容限度(低周波・超低周波音(2),騒音・振動評価・改善技術)

Psychological responses and permissible limits of 20 subjects under intermittent rattling noise of a fitting were measured. A subject sits in front of the fitting with glass plates and answers questionnaires for psychological state in/after exposure of intermittent rattling noise from the fitting exposed to low frequency noise. The fitting rattles 10s cyclically with silent time. The values of "loud", "can't tolerant as living room" and "can't tolerant as bed room" increase as a duty factor of rattle time in a cycle time increases. Permissible limits were measured by L_<Aeq 5s> of rattling noise adjusted by subjects themselves. The permissible limit decreases according to duty factor. A calculated L_<Aeq> from L_<Aeq 5s> is almost constant regardless of duty factor.

Novel Extraction of Chromatographic Resins Based on Tetraalkyldiglycolamides: Characterization and Potential Applications

Two new extraction chromatographic resins containing the diglycolamide class of molecules have been prepared and characterized, and potential applications identified. The new resins consist of 40 weight percent N,N,N′N′ tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA) and N,N,N′N′ tetrakis‐2‐ethylhexyldiglycolamide (TEHDGA) sorbed onto 50–100 µm particle size Amberchrom® CG‐71. The new resins have capacities for Eu of approximately 0.086 mmol/mL of bed and are quite stable to extractant leaching. The resins were characterized by measuring the batch uptake of actinides, lanthanides, and yttrium, alkaline earths and 13 selected transition and post‐transition elements from HNO3 and HCl. Based on the uptake data, a number of very efficient separations were achieved using 0.5–2 mL bed volume columns and room temperature operation.

The Effect of Wall-Mounted Oscillating Fan on Energy Consumption in Built Environments

Fans save energy when they complement a regular air-conditioning system and move air at an acceptable speed without compromising thermal comfort. They allow a higher set-point temperature, thus reducing A/C operating hours and saving electrical energy. The study presents derivation for the comfort thermostat air temperature setting function of air velocity for typical bed room conditions. The typical profile of air flow pattern due to wall mounted oscillating fan is shown for representative bed room lay out. The impact of a wall-mounted fan on the energy consumption and A/C sizing savings of a bedroom were investigated using energy simulation program, EZDOE 2.1D. The study confirms that fan application achieves significant savings in annual electricity use and reduces AlC sizes, operating hours and extends the neutral hours.

Some Time in Crime

WHEN I GRADUATED FROM COLLEGE in 1972, 1 was living in a small town in a midwestern state. The culture there was decidedly southern, at least when compared to Detroit, Michigan, where I grew up. There was just one movie house and it seemed like an interminable wait, weeks, before the marquee changed and announced a new feature. There was an abysmal lack of good restaurants or entertainment, so it took imagination to amuse oneself. I could watch the Missouri River flow by from my bed room window, an afterthought of a room, a makeshift attempt at a sun room that was propped up on two-story stilts. I had rented an apartment situated over the B&D Steakhouse, where I enjoyed my four rooms for $70 per month. One of the apartment's amenities and tortures was the smell of grilling steaks that wafted upstairs from the restaurant. You could get a complete dinner that included a thick slice of Texas toast, a baked potato, and a salad (iceberg lettuce topped with a few carrot peelings), with your choice of gluey, industrial dressing. Dinners ranged from about $1.39 to $2.09 depending on which of the three grades of steak you could afford. I had relocated from Detroit hoping to reacquaint and spend some time with my mother, who was teaching English at a rather down-at-the-heels university there. I'd seen my mother three times since I was nine, all disap pointing and brief visits, so I was eager for the opportunity to get to know her and complete the undergraduate degree I should have gotten in 1967.

04/01001 Indirect evaporative cooling potential in air-water systems in temperate climates: Costelloe, B. and Finn, D. Energy and Buildings, 2003, 35, (6), 573–591

The design of ventilation performance of air-conditioning systems in large commercial and office buildings is quite established. However, it is not the same with the designs of air-conditioning systems in most residential buildings. Split system air-conditioning units are commonly employed in residential buildings in the tropics due to their convenience in terms of energy conservation, aesthetics, flexibility, acoustic performance and ease of operation. Such units are also popular among small offices, shopping complex and even as supplementary air-conditioning units beyond normal office-hours in large commercial and office buildings. This paper presents findings from a recent study of the ventilation performance and indoor air quality (IAQ) in a master bed room of a condominium unit in Singapore, employed with a split system air-conditioning unit. The attached bathroom is equipped with an exhaust fan, whose operation and its impact on the resulting ventilation characteristics was also studied. Four adults occupied the room throughout the course of the experiments. It was observed that the carbon dioxide level in the bed room can exceed 2000 ppm without the exhaust fan in about 2 h. The operation of the exhaust fan quickly lowered the level of carbon dioxide to about 1000 ppm. The findings suggest the need to design for ventilation provision in split system air-conditioning units.

Enhancement of ventilation performance of a residential split-system air-conditioning unit

The design of ventilation performance of air-conditioning systems in large commercial and office buildings is quite established. However, it is not the same with the designs of air-conditioning systems in most residential buildings. Split system air-conditioning units are commonly employed in residential buildings in the tropics due to their convenience in terms of energy conservation, aesthetics, flexibility, acoustic performance and ease of operation. Such units are also popular among small offices, shopping complex and even as supplementary air-conditioning units beyond normal office-hours in large commercial and office buildings. This paper presents findings from a recent study of the ventilation performance and indoor air quality (IAQ) in a master bed room of a condominium unit in Singapore, employed with a split system air-conditioning unit. The attached bathroom is equipped with an exhaust fan, whose operation and its impact on the resulting ventilation characteristics was also studied. Four adults occupied the room throughout the course of the experiments. It was observed that the carbon dioxide level in the bed room can exceed 2000 ppm without the exhaust fan in about 2 h. The operation of the exhaust fan quickly lowered the level of carbon dioxide to about 1000 ppm. The findings suggest the need to design for ventilation provision in split system air-conditioning units.

療養型病床群における個室ユニット化が職員の行動に及ぼす影響

The purpose of this study is to make clear what kind of effect the introduction of downsizing care with private room give staffs' behavior in long-term care ward.The results of the analysis are as follows. 1) A staffs' stay place changes drastically from the bed room to the living room. 2) The time of bathing care and excretory care decreased, and the time of meal care increased. 3) It increases the efficiency of the control business, and conversations between the aged and the staff member increase. 4) It cuts down the thing which a gap is with the stay place and the contents of business between the care staff member and the nursing staff member.

A queationnaire on sleep and bed room environments of the erderly in summer and winter

A queationnaire on sleep and bed room environments of the erderly in summer and winter

Prevalence of transitional objects in young children in Tokyo and New York

AbstractThis study compared the prevalence of children's transitional object attachment in the two groups of young children in Tokyo and New York. The subjects (mothers of a child who was between two and four years of age) were 50 Caucasian women who resided in New York and 50 Japanese women who resided in Tokyo. Families of all subjects were within middle and upper socioeconomic status. There was a higher prevalence of transitional object attachment in American children (62%) than in Japanese children (38%). Japanese children more often slept in the same bed or same room with mothers than American children. The two groups did not differ regarding the hours of mother's availability. The results lend support to Gaddini and Gaddini's suggestion that children whose mothers are continuously available, especially at night, are not likely to develop attachment to transitional objects. The results from this survey research were discussed in terms of significance of transitional object attachment on child development. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.

在宅サービスを活用する高齢者のすまいに関する考察

This study aims to clarify the life environment of the elderly who live at home with the help of in-home services. For this objective, 39 elderly who use home-visit nursing care service, offered by one health services facility for the elderly, were chosen. The results are as follows; 1)As the decline of ADL, they tend to have their meals in the bed room. Secondary causes of such tendency depend on whether they live alone or with the family. 2)When utilization of in-home services becomes popular, accessibility to the elderly's room is important.

異なる平面構成を持つ高齢者施設における入居者の生活行動と滞在場所 : 日・韓,高齢者施設6施設における入居者の生活と空間の使われ方

Recently, there has been a growing tendency to pursue the development of more comfortable environment for the elderly in the facilities. It differs from the living conditions in the past, where spaces for a group rather than an individual were emphasized. This paper is an attempt to suggest the planning of the architectural environment in the residential facilities for the elderly. The method observes the living conditions of the elderly and their space usage, in a different space conditions of 6 facilities in Japan and Korea. The results are abstracted as follows; 1) The stay in the bed room was seen a lot in concentrate living unit and the stay in the common space was seen a lot in divided living unit, in the each facility that space composition differs. 2) The induction of care staff and common space of establishing it the difference was seen to the stay by the one. 3) The characterastic of the operation of each facility was seen to the time distribution of the care schedule.

'Die Zeichen an der Wand': Denunziation aus der Perspektive des jüdischen Alltags im 'Dritten Reich'

Looking at denunciation in the Third Reich' from the perspective of Jewish families, the dramatic change in primary and secondary public spheres becomes obvious. Even the intimacy of relationships was no longer a safe haven: the offence of 'race-defilement' opened the bed room door. Considering both public denunciations and the double role of the media as denouncers in their own right and as the informers' potential address it becomes obvious that denunciation was woven into every-day-life communi cation. Thus the borders between public and privat not only became very fluid: the denouncer was part of the permanent construction of a mass subject, which shaped and changed the borderlines between both spheres. Denunciation was an important instrument not only in ostracising the Jews from the public and depriving them even of their privacy. The op tion to denounce created a laboratory for the regime to test how deep its 'Weltanschauung' penetrated the society. So actually there are some very great memories of that particular area of the town near the Rhine that has really nothing to do with nasty associations. Part of it, I guess, had to do with the fact that if you were in a part of the town where you weren't known to be a Jewish child or a Jewish person, the atmos phere changed dramatically because you weren't feeling threatened, so that was true also walking through the town in many ways, you know, the smells were good, the sights were good. There were a lot of nice things, but of course if that feeling totally disappeared, if once you approached your own area where you were known and could be threatened for no obvious reason that you could understand. ... so unless there was something that singled you out in some way Address all communications to Inge Marszolek, Universit?t Bremen, FB 9 Kulturwissen schaft, Postfach 330440, D-28334 Bremen, E-mail: marsz@uni-bremen.de.

Quantification of group 5 grass pollen allergens in house dust.

It is widely known and accepted that grass pollen is a major outdoor cause of hay fever. However, it is of virtual importance for grass pollen allergic patients with symptoms all the year round to know the concentration of grass pollen allergens in their homes. The main objective of this study was to quantify the amount of grass pollen allergen in mass units (microg Phl p 5) in dust settled indoors and to detect the distribution of allergenic activity in different sampling locations of homes. Furthermore, we studied the seasonal fluctuation of allergen content in dust samples. We adapted the two site binding assay for detection of group 5 grass pollen allergens in samples from randomly selected homes in Hamburg (n = 371), Erfurt (n = 396), Hettstedt (n = 353), Zerbst (n = 289) and Bitterfeld (n = 226), Germany. Dust samples were collected from floor of living room (LR), bedroom (BR) or children's room (CR) and mattress (MA) during period of June 1995 to August 1998. The amount of the major grass group 5 allergens was detected in microg/g dust. Phl p 5 was detected in 67% of the samples analysed (n = 4760). The range was between undetectable (< 0.03 microg/g dust) and 81 microg/g dust. Phl p 5 levels were significantly higher in the dust from LR (geometric mean 0.117 microg/g dust) or BR/CR floors (geometric mean 0.098 microg/g dust) than in mattresses (geometric mean 0.043 microg/g dust). We observed seasonal fluctuation of indoor Phl p 5 levels with peak in June but also annual differences. Thus Phl p 5 content indoors reflects also the different quantities of pollen counts of annual courses. During pollination period we found two times higher Phl p 5 levels (0.172 microg/g dust, P < 0.001) than outside of grass pollination season (0.095 microg/g dust). The indoor Phl p 5 levels outside of season seem to be independent of pollination before. We suppose that settled pollen grains or allergenic material from outdoor particles carried indoors via footwear and clothes accumulates in house dust. Although we not known how the allergens in settled dust are equilibrated with those in the air, the considerable high level of Phl p 5 in indoor dust even during periods when no grass pollen is present in the atmosphere may be an important cause of pollen-allergy symptoms outside of season.

Exposure pattern of house dust mites in childhood asthma along the year: A series of 10 cases

House dust mite (HDM) is one of the inhalant allergens causing inflammation of respiratory tract. More than 100 dust mites/ gram house dust may cause sensitization in childhood asthma, while more than >500 house dust mite/gram house dust may cause asthma attack. This report aimed to determine the exposure pattern of house dust mites on 10 asthmatic children during one year. Home visit to all patients was done every month to obtain house dust sample, measurement of relative humidity, bed room temperature, and to evaluate the clinical scores and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). The range value of house dust mite/gram house dust was 0-340. This study shows that house dust mite may cause of acute asthma attack when accompanied by nonspesific stimuli. In September the relative humidity is high, the temperature is low, and the amount of house dust mite/gram of house dust is highest, in contrast to in August and December. This study shows no seasonal variation. The amount of house dust mite/ gram of house dust was found higher at the mattress than in the floor of bed room. The species of house dust mite that predominantly found is Dermato- phagoides pteronyssinus. We conclude that house dust mite may cause acute asthma attack whenever accompanied by nonspesific stimulus.