Beckmannia Syzigachne Research Articles

CRITICAL TAXA OF GRASSES WITH NORTH AMERICAN AND EASTERN ASIATIC DISTRIBUTION

Taxonomy and distribution of grasses with the North American and eastern Asiatic distribution have been discussed in detail with brief comments on their history. Morphological comparison of the corresponding taxa was correlated with cytological data, and the distribution was discussed with particular emphasis on the related ecological evidence. The new combinations proposed are: Schizachne purpurascens ssp. callosa, Brachyelytrum erectum ssp. erectum var. glabratum, B. erectum ssp. japonicum, Muhlenbergia frondosa ssp. ramosa, M. tenuiflora ssp. curviaristata, Glyceria acutiflora ssp. japonica, Festuca subulata ssp. japonica, Torreyochloa pallida ssp. pallida var. Fernaldii, T. pallida ssp. natans, T. pallida ssp. natans var. viridis, and Beckmannia Syzigachne ssp. baicalensis.

Bacterial halo-blight of oats in Japan

A disease of oats hitherto unrecorded in Japan was found in Okayama Prefecture at 1952. The same disease was found later in Chiba Prefecture. The disease is characterized by diffuse halo-like discoloration around elliptic or streaky leaf lesions.A bacterium was isolated, and on the base of its morphology, cultural characteristics, and inoculation tests, it was identified as Pseudomonas coronafaciens (Elliot) Stevens, which is known to cause the halo-blight of oat in U.S.A.Characteristics of this bacterium was found to be as follows:Rod-shapes, 0.4∼0.6×1.5∼2.5 microns; capsulate; motile with one to three polar flagella; no spore. Gram negative. Aerobic. Beef peptone agar colonies, round to irregular, white, circular, flat, smooth or with slightly raised margins, smooth to slightly contoured. Beef bouillon moderately clouded with flocculent white pellicle. Gelatin liquefied slowly. Milk not coagulated and not peptonized. Litmus milk no reduction. Nitrate slight reduction. Ammonia produced, but no hydrogen sulphide nor indol. Uschinsky's, Fermi's and Fraenkel's solutions, good growth; not with Cohn's solution. Acid but no gas from sucrose, glucose, xylose, galactose, fructose, arabinose, mannitol, glycerol; no acid nor gas from maltose, rhamnose, lactose, dextrin, ethyl alcohol, inulin, inosite, soluble starch. Starch hydrolysis moderate. Optimum temperature 22.5°C, maximum 33°C, minimum 4°C.Host: (spray inoculation) Avena sativa L.(Multiple needle inoculation) Avena sativa L., Hordeum distichum L. emend Lamark, H. vulgare L., H. vulgare var. nudum Hook., Secale cereale L., Triticum sativum Lam., Agropyron tsukusiense var. trasiens (Hach.) Ohwi, Alopecurus aequalis Sobol., Andropogon scoparius Michx., Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald, Bromus catarticus Vahl., B. inermis Leyss., Dactylis glomerata L., Lolium italicum Braum, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., Oryza sativa L., O. sativa var. terrestris Makino, Panicum miliaceum L., Phleum pratense L., Poa annua L., Polypogon fugax Steud.