Beck Depression Inventory Scores Research Articles

Relationships between psychological, clinical aspects and eating behavior in individuals with diabetes: cross-sectional study

Introduction: Eating disorders are closely related to mental status, and individuals with diabetes have a significantly increased risk of developing an eating disorder. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the possible association of cognitive restriction, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating factors, and eating disorders with depression in individuals with diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 132 patients who were diagnosed with diabetes. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess the depression status of individuals, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) to measure eating habits, and the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) to obtain information about night eating behavior. All anthropometric measurements were taken by the researcher. Results: It was determined that there was a 'mild depression' state in both the Type 1 diabetes patient group (14.10±8.26) and the Type 2 diabetes patient group (14.74±7.64). A linear, moderate, and significant correlation was found between BDI scores and NEQ scores in individuals with type 1 diabetes (r=0.547, p<0.001). In individuals with type 2 diabetes, an inverse, moderate, and significant correlation was found between BDI scores and cognitive restriction scores (r=-0.406, p=0.029). For the individuals in the two groups, statistically significant differences were found in the scores obtained from the BDI, NEQ, and TFEQ-R18 in terms of the history of mental illness and obesity, diabetic diet, and hypoglycemia (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, it has been shown that the effect of mental illness and obesity history on current eating behavior may be on night eating behavior, cognitive restriction, and uncontrolled eating. It is likely that compliance with the diabetic diet and prevention of hypoglycemia will be reflected in eating behavior and anthropometric measurements.

Health-related Quality of Life and Exercise Capacity in Double Lung Transplant Recipients With Baseline Lung Allograft Dysfunction.

Baseline lung allograft dysfunction (BLAD) after lung transplant is associated with an increased risk of dying, but the association with health-related quality of life (HRQL) and exercise capacity is not known. We hypothesized that BLAD would be associated with reduced HRQL and 6-min walk distance (6MWD) at 1 y post-lung transplant. We analyzed patients who underwent lung transplants in our program from 2004 to 2018 who completed 1-y 36-item Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire and 6MWD testing. We secondarily analyzed the Beck Depression Inventory and Borg dyspnea scores in patients using the available data. We defined BLAD as a failure of both forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity to reach ≥80% predicted of a healthy reference population's lung function on 2 consecutive tests ≥3 wk apart at any time point posttransplant. We tested the relationship between BLAD status and SF-36 physical component summaries and 6MWD using least squares regression, adjusting for age at transplant, sex at birth, and primary lung disease. Two hundred sixty-four patients were included, 96 (36%) of whom met the criteria for BLAD. Patients with interstitial lung disease as an indication for transplant and those who received older, female, and heavy smoking donors were at increased risk of BLAD. SF-36 physical component summary scores were lower in patients with BLAD (75 versus 85; P = 0.0076), as were 6MWD values (528 versus 572 m; P = 0.0053). BLAD was associated with lower SF-36 scores (P = 0.0025) and 6MWD (P = 0.0008) in adjusted regression models at 1 y posttransplant. We did not observe differences in Beck Depression Inventory or Borg scores. BLAD was associated with reduced HRQL and 6MWD scores at 1 y posttransplant in adjusted models. This suggests that poor posttransplant lung function could contribute to lower HRQL and exercise capacity in lung recipients and is worthy of further exploration in terms of causes, prevention, and treatment.

Relationship Between Food Addiction, Night Eating Syndrome and Depression Level in University Students and Affecting Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Türkiye.

Food addiction, night eating, and depression levels alone have been associated with obesity and various chronic diseases in university students, but the relationship of these factors has been rarely mentioned in the literature. This research was conducted to determine the food addiction, night eating, and depression status of university students. The study consisted of 1009 (84.2% female, mean BMI 21.93 ± 3.42 kg/m2, 73.0% normal body weight) university students. Research data were collected using a web-based questionnaire, which included a personal information form about students' sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional habits and anthropometric measurements (body weight, height), the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Of the students, 15.2% had food addiction, 8.3% had night-eating syndrome, and 36.2% had moderate depression. Frequency of food addiction and night-eating syndrome were higher in those with moderate to severe depression and night-eating syndrome was higher in those with food addiction (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between mean YFAS, NEQ, and BDI scores in the general population and both genders (p < 0.001). Furthermore, BMI levels, having received psychological treatment, waking up and eating at night, and depression level increased the likelihood of food addiction, while waking up and eating at night, and depression levels increased the likelihood of night-eating syndrome. The findings of the study made a significant contribution to the literature in understanding food addiction, night eating, depression levels and their relationship with each other in university students. Multi-center studies in which the effects of these three factors are examined together should be conducted on different student populations. Students should be given training on healthy nutrition and mental health protection, and their awareness should be raised.

Effect of Botulinum toxin on non-motor symptoms in adult-onset idiopathic focal/segmental dystonia.

Non-motor symptoms, including depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, pain and cognitive dysfunction, are a much more important predictor of quality of life than the severity of dystonia. To assess the effect of Botulinum toxin on non-motor symptoms and quality of life in patients with adult-onset idiopathic focal dystonia. Patients aged > 18years diagnosed with idiopathic focal dystonia were recruited in this longitudinal cohort study. The severity of dystonia, non-motor symptoms, and quality of life were evaluated using the BFMDRS, DNMSQuest, and EQ-5D at baseline and 1 and 3months after botulinum toxin. 65 patients were recruited with a median age of 59years. Blepharospasm was the most common phenomenology. 49.2% of patients had depression at baseline assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). There was a significant negative correlation between baseline BFMDRS, DNMSQuest, BDI, and HAM-A scores and quality of life, but there was no relation with the type of focal dystonia. The mean percentage improvement in the BFMDRS-M, BFMDRS-D, DNMSQuest, BDI, HAM-A and EQ-5D was 25%, 52%, 16%,20%,23% and 23%, respectively, at one month. There was no statistically significant correlation between percentage change in motor scores compared to depression and quality of life scores at one month. Botulinum toxin improved motor and non-motor scores and quality of life at 1 and 3months after botulinum toxin therapy. The motor scores did not correlate with depression and DNMSQUEST scores but showed a weak positive correlation with anxiety scores.

A Linear Periodized Resistance Training Program Is Effective at Reducing Depressive Symptoms but Not Anxiety in Females: A Pilot

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a periodized resistance training program would influence self-reported depression and anxiety scores in college-aged females. Methods: Eight participants participated in a six-week periodized resistance training program. The participants completed a 3–5 repetition maximum (3–5 RM) for the sumo deadlift (SDL), bench press (BP), barbell back squat (BBS), and standing shoulder press (SSP). These data were used to estimate the 1 repetition maximum (1RM), which in turn was used to develop the periodization program. Following baseline testing, participants participated in two full-body workouts per week for six weeks. Each individual was retested after they completed the 6-week program, performing 3–5 RM for the SDL, BP, BBS, and SSP. To determine symptoms of depression and anxiety, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were distributed before and after participating in the resistance training program. A repeated measures 2 × 2 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effect of resistance training had on the outcome measures. Results: There was a significant (p = 0.011) decrease in BDI scores after the 6 weeks of resistance training. There was no statistically significant difference in the BAI scores (p = 0.106). There was no correlation between any individual exercise and the outcome scores. Conclusions: The results of the current study indicate that a periodized resistance training program is effective at reducing self-reported measures of depression using the BDI in college-aged females.

The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation and inhibitory control training on depression and anxiety among post-stroke individuals

BackgroundRecent research has highlighted the role of fronto-parietal brain networks and cognitive control in mood disorders. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and computer-based cognitive training are used in post-stroke rehabilitation. This study examined the combined effects ofof computer-based inhibitory control training (ICCT) and anodal tDCS on post-stroke depression and anxiety.MethodsThirty-five participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: active tDCS treatment (A), sham tDCS treatment with ICCT (T), or active tDCS with ICCT (AT), for a duration of ten days. Primary outcome measures included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S/T). Statistical analysis was performed using a Mixed-model Analysis of Variance, with supplementary Bayesian analysis.ResultsThe AT group showed a significant improvement in BDI scores (p < .001), whereas no significant effects were observed on the HAM-D, STAI-T, or STAI-S scales.ConclusionsThe combination of tDCS and ICCT reduced depressive symptoms as measured by the BDI; while no significant effects were found with either treatment alone. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind the synergistic effects in the treatment of post-stroke mood disorders.

Beyond the Visible: The Relationship Between Social Appearance Anxiety, Hopelessness, and Depression in Women with Urinary Incontinence.

This study aims to examine the relationship between the severity of urinary incontinence and levels of social appearance anxiety, hopelessness, and depression in women. A total of 393 women participated in this descriptive and correlational study. Data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, Incontinence Severity Index (ISI), Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Of the participants, 46.3% reported moderate social appearance anxiety, while 25.2% had severe depression. The mean BHS score was 8.80 ± 5.63. No significant correlation was found between the severity of incontinence and social appearance anxiety (p > 0.05). A strong positive correlation was observed between the BDI and BHS scores (p < 0.001). A one-unit increase in age was associated with a 0.172 (B) increase in incontinence severity, and a one-unit increase in BDI score was linked to a 0.137 (B) increase in incontinence severity. The results suggest that increasing age is associated with greater severity of urinary incontinence. Higher incontinence severity is also correlated with higher levels of hopelessness and depression. The psychological impact of urinary incontinence on women's mental health should be addressed, and referrals to psychiatric care should be considered when necessary for a comprehensive treatment approach.

Firearm injury survivors report extreme high risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes early after hospital discharge necessitating multidisciplinary care

BackgroundUp to 20–40% of survivors of any traumatic injury develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression after injury. Firearm injury survivors may be at even higher risk for adverse outcomes....

Quality of life, pain, depression, fatigue and sleep in patients with remission or mild fibromyalgia: a comparison with remission or low disease activity rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls

BackgroundFibromyalgia is a chronic condition marked by widespread pain and various accompanying symptoms. Compared to healthy individuals and other rheumatic disease patients, it leads to more severe symptoms and a lower quality of life. Whether fibromyalgia patients in a mild activity or remission stage still experience core symptoms remains unclear.ObjectiveTo compare the severity of clinical symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in patients with remission or mild fibromyalgia (RFM) and remission or low disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RRA) patients and healthy controls (HCs) to investigate whether fibromyalgia in a stable stage can be disease-free.MethodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated a total of 266 RFM and 252 RRA patients and 50 HCs using Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), Widespread Pain Index (WPI), Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Numerical Rating Scale, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Short Form-36 Health Status Questionnaire (SF-36).ResultsThe FIQR total score and pain VAS, MFI, and PSQI scores were higher in RFM and RRA patients compared to HCs (P < 0.001). RFM patients had higher BDI and WPI scores than RRA patients (P < 0.001). The majority of RFM patients (97.4%) had more than two pain sites, with moderate-to-severe pain (78.2%), sleep disorders (85.0%), and depression (53.4%), all of which were significantly higher than those in RRA patients (P < 0.001). RFM patients also had lower scores in SF-36 physical and mental component summaries and subscores for role physical, pain index, general health perception, vitality, and mental health index, but a higher social functioning score than RRA patients (P < 0.001).ConclusionDespite being in a mild activity or remission stage, RFM patients experience more severe symptoms and poorer QOL than RRA patients. Therefore, individualized evaluation and intensive management are required.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02449395, registered on May 20, 2015.

Do patients with severe acne vulgaris prefer the evening chronotype more? A case-control study.

This study aimed to investigate sleep quality, chronotype preferences, anxiety, and depression levels in patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris and compare them with healthy controls. This cross-sectional case-control study included 92 patients with acne vulgaris and 59 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Acne severity was assessed using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS); sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); chronotype preferences using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ); and anxiety and depression levels using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). There were no significant differences in the MEQ, BDI, or BAI scores between the two groups. The PSQI score was significantly higher in the patient group than that in the control group. Acne severity was negatively correlated with the MEQ scores and positively correlated with the PSQI scores. When the patient group was divided into three subgroups according to acne severity (mild, moderate, and severe), significant differences in MEQ and BAI scores were observed between the groups. According to the post-hoc analysis, the severe acne group had higher BAI scores, while the mild acne group had higher MEQ scores. It would be more appropriate to be aware of the potential psychiatric comorbidities of acne vulgaris and adopt a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and management process.

Impact of a Long-Term Home-Based Rehabilitation Program on Quality of Life, Balance, and Autonomy in Adults with Disabilities.

Rehabilitation is a critical process for enhancing functionality, independence, and quality of life in individuals with disabilities. Grounded in the biopsychosocial model, it addresses physical, emotional, and social dimensions through personalized, evidence-based interventions. By integrating standardized assessments and continuous evaluation, rehabilitation has the potential to promote recovery and support active participation in society. This study evaluated the impact of a long-term, multidisciplinary, home-based rehabilitation program on quality of life, balance, and functional autonomy in adults with neuromusculoskeletal disabilities. A total of 559 participants received individualized interventions from a team of physical therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, and other health professionals. Functional independence, balance, depressive symptoms, and quality of life were assessed using the Barthel Index, Berg Balance Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and SF-36 questionnaire, respectively. A longitudinal analysis comparing pre- and post-intervention outcomes revealed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001) across all metrics. The Barthel Index median increased from 85 to 90 points, indicating greater functional independence, while the Berg Balance Scale improved from 39 to 47 points, reflecting reduced fall risk. Depressive symptoms decreased, with Beck Depression Inventory scores dropping from 12 to 9, and both physical and mental health components of the SF-36 showed marked enhancements. These findings demonstrate the program's effectiveness in addressing both physical and emotional needs, emphasizing the value of extended, personalized, home-based care in improving health, autonomy, and overall quality of life for individuals with disabilities. This study underscores the potential of multidisciplinary approaches to support long-term rehabilitation in diverse populations.

Preserved Serotonin Transporter Availability in Parkinson Disease Measured with Either [11C]MADAM or [11C]DASB: A Study Including 2 Separate Cohorts of Nondepressed Patients.

Serotonin transporter (SERT) availability was assessed using 2 tracers, [11C]N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)benzylamine ([11C]DASB) and [11C]N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-fluoromethylphenylthio)benzylamine) ([11C]MADAM), in independent cohorts of patients and controls. This study aimed to independently confirm whether SERT remains intact in nondepressed individuals with early-stage Parkinson disease (PD), because the use of diverse methodologies could potentially yield disparate results. Methods: Seventeen PD patients (5 women and 12 men; age, 64 ± 7 y; Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score, 23 ± 5; Beck Depression Inventory score, 5 ± 4) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent [11C]MADAM PET at Karolinska Institutet. Fifteen PD patients (5 women and 10 men; age, 59 ± 9 y; Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score, 15 ± 7; Beck Depression Inventory score, 4 ± 4) and 8 controls were examined with [11C]DASB PET at the University of British Columbia. PET scans were performed at both institutions using a high-resolution research tomograph. A simplified reference tissue model and Logan graphical analysis were used to calculate the regional nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND), using the cerebellum as the reference. Parametric BPND images were generated using wavelet-aided parametric imaging. MRI-defined volumes of interest included cortical and subcortical regions, as well as brain stem nuclei. Results: There were no significant differences between controls and early-stage PD patients in either the [11C]DASB or the [11C]MADAM cohort, regardless of the analysis method. Group differences (Cohen d) in the [11C]DASB cohort ranged from 0.34 to 0.86 in brain stem nuclei, 0.09 to 0.61 in subcortical regions, and 0.28 to 0.70 in cortical regions. In the [11C]MADAM cohort, they ranged from 0.16 to 0.40, 0.19 to 0.55, and 0.32 to 0.61, respectively. Logan BPND highly correlated with simplified reference tissue model BPND for both tracers in each group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: SERT availability is relatively preserved in nondepressed patients with PD. This study suggests that serotonergic degeneration is not a major feature of the disease in nondepressed patients with nonadvanced disease.

Quality of Life in People With HIV at the End of Life: Preliminary Results From the Last Gift Observational Cohort Study.

As people living with HIV (PWH) age, they face new challenges that can have a negative impact on their quality of life (QOL) and mental health. This study enrolled PWH at the end of life (EOL) who were actively engaged in cure-related research in Southern California, United States. EOL was defined as having a prognosis of 6 months or less to live. We examined the relationship between QOL, mental health, and research participation. Structured assessments were used to collect comprehensive data on QOL and mental health. From 2017 to 2023, 35 PWH in their final stages of life who were actively engaged in cure-related research were enrolled. Their median age was 62.7 years, and most were White or otherwise non-Hispanic/non-Latino (90.6%), and male (86.7%). Changes in QOL and the presence of neurologic and psychiatric conditions, with a focus on depression and anxiety, were the primary outcomes assessed in this study. Participants had stable QOL scores throughout the study. There was an inverse relationship between QOL and Beck Depression Inventory scores, with higher mean QOL scores being associated with lower mean Beck Depression Inventory scores ( P < 0.001). QOL remained stable among PWH who participate in cure-related research at EOL. The inverse relationship between QOL and depressive symptoms suggests that participation in cure-related research may improve QOL or reduce depressive symptoms in this population. Future interventions should look into ways to improve the well-being of PWH at EOL through research and customized mental health interventions.

Cannabis use, sleep and mood disturbances among persons with epilepsy - A clinical and polysomnography study from a Canadian tertiary care epilepsy center.

Interest in anti-seizure properties of cannabinoids is increasing, with the rise in prevalence of recreational and medical cannabis use, especially across Canada. In a recent study on people with epilepsy (PWE), cannabis use showed a strong association with poor psychosocial health. Sleep and mood comorbidities are highly prevalent in epilepsy, and are common motivations for cannabis use. The primary objective of this study was to assess demographic, subjective and objectively assessed sleep quality and mood related differences among PWE who regularly use cannabis compared to those who do not. Consecutive consenting patients with a confirmed epilepsy diagnosis, admitted to our Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, over a 3-year period (2019-2022) were enrolled. Detailed epilepsy-related data and self-reported sleep [Pittsburgh Sleep quality index (PSQI)], Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)], mood [(Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck's Anxiety inventory (BAI)] and cannabis use related data were collected. Overnight polysomnography (PSG) was conducted on the first night of admission, with simultaneous 18-channel video-EEG. Sleep (PSG) scoring followed American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines by a scorer blinded to clinical details. Among 51 patients with similar seizure control, 25 (13 F) reported cannabis use (mean age 36.3+14.8 years) and were significantly younger than 26 (18 F) non-users (mean age 48.3+15 years). Cannabis users had significantly better subjective sleep quality (mean PSQI scores 7.2+2.9 vs 10.2+5.2 respectively). Most patients endorsed sleepiness (Cannabis users with ESS scores greater than 10; 91.3 %, 77.3 % in non-users) and moderate to extreme depression (BDI) scores. No significant differences were observed in objective sleep parameters. BDI score significantly predicted PSQI and ESS scores on multiple logistic regression analysis. Despite a significant age difference, self-reported sleep quality is better among PWE who report regular cannabis use compared to non-users. However, there is no significant difference in objective sleep quantity and quality from PSG between the two groups. Additionally, severity of depressive symptoms is a significant predictor of sleep quality and of excessive daytime sleepiness among PWE.

Role of Melatonin as an Adjunctive Treatment for Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pervasive health issue associated with various complications, including cognitive impairment and depression among patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study aimed to assess the impact of melatonin on depression and cognitive function in hemodialysis patients. Method: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 50 hemodialysis patients, with half of the patients receiving 3 mg daily melatonin and the other half receiving a placebo for two months. Depression and cognitive function were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire, respectively. Quantitative variables were analyzed using a t-test. The Chi-square test also evaluated qualitative variables. Quantitative data were analyzed by covariance analysis before and after the intervention. Results: Hypertension was the most prevalent underlying condition among study participants, affecting 40% of the intervention group. The intervention group exhibited baseline depressive symptoms (mean BDI score: 16.12 ± 7.12), which significantly improved post-intervention (13.6 ± 6.6). Notably, both the intervention and control groups demonstrated significant reductions in depressive symptoms, as assessed by paired t-tests (P = 0.033 and P = 0.02, respectively). Cognitive function, as measured by the MMSE, improved in both groups (1.28 ± 0.81 for melatonin, 1.52 ± 0.1 for placebo), with significant within-group differences (P = 0.048 and P = 0.002, respectively). ANCOVA analysis revealed no significant between-group differences in BDI scores (F(1,47) = 0.196, P = 0.66, partial eta-squared = 0.004). and in MMSE scores (F(1,47) = 0.003, P = 0.954, partial eta-squared = 0.00) post-intervention. Conclusion: While this study did not demonstrate significant effects of melatonin on depression and cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients, positive changes were observed, warranting further research to optimize treatment regimens and explore the potential therapeutic benefits of melatonin in this patient population.

Exploring the relationship between trauma, mental health, and occupational performance in health science center students

IntroductionAttending university marks a pivotal yet stressful phase in students’ lives, characterized by significant adjustments to a new environment that can impact mental, emotional, and physical well-being. The journey through the acceptance and admissions process into university introduces substantial challenges, academic performance and changes to daily life. Such challenges and corresponding conditions can be intensified for students entering university with prior traumatic experiences.ObjectiveThe purpose the study is: (a) to clarify the factors affecting student mental health by cataloging the prevalence and types of traumatic events (including PTSD and complex PTSD) that students experience, and (b) examine the relationship between students’ mental health and occupational performance through the assessment of satisfaction with daily activities and quality of life (QoL).MethodThe research study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. Participants included students pursuing degrees in Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, and Allied Health, (N = 223). Four self-administered questionnaires were employed: the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), the Self-Satisfaction of Daily Occupation (SDO), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQoLBrief). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Spearman correlation.ResultResults from ITQ revealed participants experienced highest indicators of trauma were 68% affective dysregulation, and 65%, in avoidance and self-organization. Significant negative correlations were found between BDI scores and the quality-of-life social domain and quality of life environment domain (p = 0.001). Regarding BDI scores highest at 23.3% (n = 52) of students reported mild mood disturbance. SDO indicated that satisfaction levels increased with medium activity levels but decreased with high activity levels. In addition, a negative correlation was also found between SDO and BDI scores. Furthermore, a positive correlation between satisfaction with daily occupation (activity level) and WHOQoLBrief both physical, p &amp;gt; 0.001 and psychological, p = 0.006 was identified.ConclusionThis research investigates the cyclical impact of mental health on students’ daily activities, QoL, and occupational performance, particularly among those in Health Sciences Center. The study highlights how traumatic events and poor mental health contribute to dissatisfaction with daily tasks, which in turn leads to a decline in QoL and occupational performance emphasizing the importance of developing effective outreach strategies community.

EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR AMPHETAMINE USE DISORDER: IMPACT OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS IN PAKISTAN

Background: Amphetamine use disorder (AUD) is a significant public health concern globally, with rising incidence in Pakistan. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a well-established intervention for substance use disorders, yet its effectiveness may vary based on socio-demographic and behavioral factors. This study aims to assess the efficacy of CBT for AUD in Pakistan and explore how factors such as education, profession, duration of addiction, residence, age, family support, smoking, and alcohol intake impact treatment outcomes. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was utilized with 100 participants recruited from outpatient treatment facilities and rehabilitation centers across Pakistan. Fifty participants received a culturally adapted CBT program, while 50 participants in the control group received standard treatment as usual (TAU). Pre-test and post-test assessments measured changes in AUD symptoms, psychological well-being, quality of life, and relapse rates. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, ANOVA, multiple regression, and survival analysis. Results: Participants in the CBT group showed a significant reduction in the frequency of amphetamine use from 5.8 to 2.3 days per week (p &lt; 0.001), and a substantial decrease in Addiction Severity Index (ASI) scores from 30.2 to 18.7 (p &lt; 0.001). Improvements were also observed in psychological measures, with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores decreasing from 22.4 to 14.1 (p &lt; 0.001) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scores decreasing from 18.5 to 11.3 (p &lt; 0.001). Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) scores improved significantly from 45.3 to 62.0 (p &lt; 0.001). The TAU group showed improvements, but these were less pronounced compared to the CBT group. Socio-demographic factors such as higher education, stable employment, and strong family support were positively associated with better outcomes, while unemployment, longer duration of addiction, and regular alcohol intake were negatively associated. Conclusions: CBT is effective in reducing amphetamine use, improving psychological well-being, and enhancing quality of life among individuals with AUD in Pakistan. The study highlights the importance of tailoring CBT interventions to consider socio-demographic and behavioral factors to optimize treatment outcomes.

Exploring habenular structural connectivity in Parkinson's disease: insights from 7T MRI study.

PD is marked by both motor and non-motor symptoms, with its pathophysiology involving many neural pathways and brain regions beyond the dopaminergic system. While mainly gray matter changes have been noted, white matter changes also exist in PD. Habenula, known for its role in reward processing, mood regulation, motor functions, and cognition, is of interest due to its connection to mood disorders in PD. This study aims to explore diffusion metrics and structural connectivity changes in the habenula of newly diagnosed PD patients using 7T MRI. 84 PDs and 38 HCs were recruited from Maastricht University Medical Centre. Clinical, demographic, and total Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were recorded. A 7T brain MRI was conducted. Diffusion metrics and structural connectivity were evaluated. The mean diffusion metrics of Hb were not significantly different between the groups. However, in PD patients, there was an increase in mean structural connectivity from the right Hb to the right hippocampus (p = 0.006) and the right fusiform gyrus (p = 0.007). On the left side, enhanced connectivity was observed with the left pallidum (p = 0.040) and left accumbens (p = 0.009). In the PD group, a significant correlation was found between the BDI total score and increased structural connectivity from the right Hb to the left cingulate isthmus (R2 = 0.090, p = 0.003). This pioneering study examines diffusion metrics and structural connectivity of Hb in PD patients using high-resolution 7T MRI. Our findings highlight the habenula's potential role in PD pathophysiology, with altered connectivity suggesting early neurodegenerative or compensatory processes. These results underscore the importance of the habenula as a biomarker for PD and its potential as a therapeutic target.

Examining the Burnout of Audiologists in Türkiye: Relationships With Quality of Work Life and Psychological Well-Being.

Although burnout among audiologists has been studied in various countries, there is no research yet that examines this issue in Türkiye, where working conditions and sociodemographic factors may differ from those in other countries. Considering the unique working conditions and sociodemographic factors, this study aimed to investigate the burnout levels of Turkish audiologists. Additionally, this study will explore the impact of various sociodemographic variables on burnout, work-related quality of life, and depression to gain a deeper understanding of the specific challenges faced by audiologists in Türkiye. A total of 193 audiologists, with a median age of 27 (interquartile range: 25-29) years, working in different working areas, such as clinical practice, academic institutions, rehabilitation centers, and amplification services in Türkiye, were included. Audiologists were invited to participate in this study via several online forums and hospital notice boards. All participants completed the sociodemographic data form and then the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Work-Related Quality of Life Scale (WRQoL), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Differences between MBI, WRQoL, and BDI scores were analyzed according to gender, level of education, area of work, and title of audiologist. There are significant differences in the subscale scores of the MBI and WRQoL scales and in the BDI scores between groups according to gender, education, and area of work. There are also significant differences in BDI scores according to title. There is a significant correlation between the MBI, WRQoL, and BDI scores of audiologists. This study represents the initial exploration of burnout, quality of work life, and depression levels among audiologists employed in Türkiye. A low quality of work life can increase the risk of burnout and depression. Enhancements in the work environment can lessen burnout and depression while also improving employees' general quality of life.

The Effects of Sleep Hygiene Education on Sleep Quality, Pain, and Depression in Individuals With Fibromyalgia.

Sleep problems, pain, and depression are common issues in fibromyalgia. However, studies on sleep hygiene education to address these problems are limited in the literature. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effects of sleep hygiene education given to individuals with fibromyalgia on their sleep quality, pain, and depression levels. This experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of sleep hygiene education on sleep quality, pain, and depression in individuals with fibromyalgia. This study was carried out using an experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. Seventy individuals with fibromyalgia (35 experimental, 35 control) were included in the study. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The experimental group received sleep hygiene education, while the control group did not undergo any intervention. The participants in the experimental group had lower PSQI, VAS, and BDI scores after the intervention. In the inter-group comparisons, there were statistically significant differences between sleep quality and pain scores of the groups after the intervention. Sleep hygiene education was found to be effective in improving sleep quality and alleviating pain and depression in individuals with fibromyalgia. Sleep hygiene education, which has been neglected in improving sleep quality and pain in the care of fibromyalgia, should be used in clinical settings.