Beck Anxiety Inventory Scale Research Articles

Prevalence of anxiety among medical students of D.G. Khan Medical College: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To evaluate anxiety levels among medical students of a public medical college by using a self-administered anxiety questionnaire. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Study was conducted on the MBBS students of D.G. Khan Medical College. Period: December 2022 to June 2023. Methods: A validated questionnaire comprised on Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scale was provided to all MBBS students at D. G. Khan medical college. Sociodemographic variables like; gender, age, locality, and current residential status were included in the questionnaire. The data was transferred to SPSS V-23 to analyze the variance of Anxiety Levels and MBBS study years among both genders. The p-value (p ≤ 0.05) was used to decide significance of the results. Results: The number of respondents was 523 (93.6%) out of 559 enrolled students at the time of the survey. Using the BAI scale, the overall anxiety estimated in MBBS students was 96.4% including male (95.5%) and female (97.0%). However, the prevalence of severe anxiety observed in female (22.2%) students was slightly higher than male (21.9%) students. Moreover, the highest level of severe anxiety (37.1%) was detected in 3rd year students whereas, the peak value of overall anxiety (23.1%) was detected in 2nd year students. The gender comparison test (p = 0.006) revealed that females exhibit more anxiety than males. Conclusion: The higher levels of anxiety were consistently observed among female students. The severe anxiety was observed among 3rd year students, likely due to their transition into the clinical year facing additional c hallenges beyond academics.

Effectiveness of Emotional-Focused Coping on Heart-Focused Anxiety in Patients Prior to cardiac Catheterization

Background: Heart-focused anxiety involves a concentration on and a fear of cardiac-related feelings and their anticipated negative outcomes (such as a life-threatening arrhythmia or abrupt cardiac death). It results in continuing concerns about heart function, avoiding activities that are thought to cause cardiac symptoms, and frequent behavior of requesting assistance in medical settings. Study purpose: This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of Emotional-Focused Coping on Heart-Focused Anxiety in Patients Prior to cardiac Catheterization. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study using (pretest and posttest design with a control group). A purposive sampling technique was used to gather the study information from 120 patients prior to cardiac catheterization by using the beck anxiety inventory scale. The study is conducted in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Government, Al-Najaf Center for Cardiac Surgery and Trans-Catheter Therapy. Results: A statistically significant difference is found in participants anxiety level prior to cardiac catheterization between the first measure before applying the coping techniques and the second measure after the application of coping strategies (Mean difference =13.500, P <0.0005) Conclusion: The emotional focused coping strategies are proves as easy interventions to apply and effective in terms of reducing the level of heart-focused anxiety prior to cardiac catheterization

Effect of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention on Anxiety and Quality of Life inPostoperative Patients with Oral Cancer

Purpose: Surgery has a negative effect on the mental, physical, and functional health of patients with oral cancer, which affects their quality of life (QOL). The study aimed to assess the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on anxiety and QOL in postoperative patients with oral cancer. Methods: We investigated the level of anxiety and QOL of 200 postoperative oral cancer patients. After the comprehensive nursing intervention, the Beck Anxiety Inventory scale and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer tools were used to assess the level of anxiety and QOL, respectively. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in terms of educational status (p=0.02), monthly income (p<0.01), cancer stage (p<0.01), and tumor metastasis (p=0.02). The experimental group experienced a significant decrease in anxiety (p=0.04), and their QOL was significantly higher (p=0.05) than that of the control group. Conclusion: Our study indicates that a comprehensive nursing intervention can lower the risk of surgical complications, enhance patients' psychological state by reducing anxiety, and enhance their QOL in patients with oral cancer.

In-person psychoeducational intervention to reduce rehospitalizations and improve the clinical course of major depressive disorder: a non-randomized pilot study.

Emerging issues in the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) comprise a nonadherence to treatment and treatment failures, depressive recurrence and relapses, misidentification of incoming exacerbated phases and consequently, a chronification of depression. While antidepressant drugs constitute the standard of care for MDD, effective psychosocial interventions are needed to reduce rehospitalizations and other adverse events. The present study primarily investigated the effects and impact of implementing a structured psychoeducational intervention on the clinical course of MDD. A non-randomized comparative, pragmatic, pilot, single-center study of adults with nonpsychotic moderate or severe episode of MDD recently discharged from a psychiatric hospitalization. The consecutive subjects were allocated either to the intervention group (N=49) or to the attention control group (N=47), based on their preference. The psychoeducational intervention was based on a modified Munoz's Depression Prevention Course. Subjects were followed up prospectively for two years. The absolute changes in Beck anxiety inventory scale, Zung's depression questionnaire, and Montgomery and Äsberg depression rating scale (MADRS) total scores at 6-month follow-up were comparable between the two groups. There were lower rates of the rehospitalization within one year (2.1% vs. 16.7%; P<0.001) and less rehospitalizations after one year (6.3% vs. 25%; P<0.001), lower rates of the ongoing sickness absence (11.5% vs. 29.2%; P<0.001), less persons with disability due to MDD at 1-year follow-up (1% vs. 11.5%; P=0.002), and less nonadherent subjects who self-discontinued treatment (6.3% vs. 28.1%; P<0.001) among participants in the intervention group compared to the control group. The disability due to MDD at 1-year follow-up was predicted by the absence of the psychoeducational intervention (P=0.002) and by the MADRS total score at 6-month follow-up (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.003-1.195; P=0.044). Qualitative data indicated the intervention was desired and appreciated by the participants, as well as being practical to implement in Slovakian clinical settings. The results suggest the psychoeducational intervention based on a modified Munoz's Depression Prevention Course has beneficial effects in adults with MDD recently discharged from a psychiatric hospitalization. The findings implicate the psychoeducational intervention may offer a new approach to the prevention of depressive relapses.

Electric and magnetic field pollution in near substations and investigation of anxiety and depressive effects on adult individuals living in this area

ABSTRACT Exposure to electromagnetic fields causes a variety of health problems in living systems. We investigated EMF pollution in Şanlıurfa city center and also investigated anxiety-depression symptoms in individuals (18–40 years old) exposed to this pollution. For this purpose, electric field and magnetic field measurements were taken at Electricity Distribution Center and 44 substations (for each transformer), at 0 points, 1 meter away, 2 meters away and the house/office closest to the transformer. The experimental group was individuals living in electricity distribution center residences and individuals living near transformers (n = 55). The control group was selected from individuals who lived outside the city center of Şanlıurfa, did not have transformers or high transmission lines near their homes, and did not have any chronic diseases that could cause stress (n = 50). Anxiety and depression symptoms of the groups were measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory Scale (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory Scale (BDI). The relationship between EMF pollution and anxiety-depression was evaluated statistically. Maximum MF and EF values were recorded as 0.22 mT and 65.9 kV/m, respectively. All measured MF values were below standards, but EF values were above standards at some points. In conclusion, there is no statistically convincing evidence of a relationship between EMF exposure and anxiety-depression (p > 0.05). This result shows that there may be more meaningful results in places with higher EMF levels. We interpreted the fact that exposure to electromagnetic fields does not cause anxiety and depression in individuals, as the measured values are below the limit values.

Patient Anxiety in Endoscopy: A Comparative Analysis of Single vs. Dual Procedure Effects.

This study aimed to investigate the difference in anxiety levels between patients undergoing gastroscopy only and those subjected to both gastroscopy and colonoscopy. Despite known preoperative anxiety impacts, no prior research has compared these specific patient groups. A total of 150 patients were divided equally into two groups: Group I, undergoing gastroscopy only, and Group II, undergoing gastroscopy and colonoscopy. Inclusion criteria were patients in the age range 18-70 years and having an ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status classification of I-III. Exclusion criteria were patients outside the age range, and patients with hearing disorders, psychiatric disorders, dementia, or recent anxiolytic drug use. Anxiety was analysed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory Scale before procedures, without any premedication. Patients in Group II had significantly higher anxiety levels, with particular increases noted in symptoms such as leg weakness and tremors, inability to relax, and fears of adverse events and death. These results highlighted a considerable elevation in anxiety among patients anticipating or undergoing combined endoscopic procedures. The findings revealed that undergoing combined gastroscopy and colonoscopy procedures significantly elevated patient anxiety levels compared to gastroscopy alone. This suggests a critical need for healthcare providers to implement more strong preoperative counselling and anxiety reduction strategies for patients facing multiple procedures. Addressing this increased anxiety could lead to better patient experiences, reduced procedural complications, and improved satisfaction and outcomes.

Infertility and Anxiety among Infertile Women at IVF Treatment Centre, Lalitpur

Background: Infertility is being a tangible problem in our society. Infertility is failure to conceive after one year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse in the absence of known reproductive pathology. Infertility and its treatment related process both can create psychological and economic crisis among the women who are receiving its treatment therefore it may result in variant level of anxiety in infertile women. The main objective of this study is to determine the level of anxiety among infertile women.&#x0D; Methods and Materials: All together 100 sample were taken for the study by adopting non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through direct interview by using demographic and structured questionnaire was used. Beck Anxiety Inventory scale was used as structured questionnaire.&#x0D; Result: Out of 100 respondents, more than half 56 % of the respondents were between ages 26-35 Years age, 28% of respondents were house makers by occupation, majority of respondents 71% were working 12 hours per day. Near to half 47.6 % respondent had the Hypothyroidism. Fifty two percent of respondent's were from 4-6 years of marriage duration followed by duration of infertility were 56 % since 3 years and 45 % are taking infertility treatment from about 1 years. Majority of respondents (59%) has low anxiety level followed by moderate anxiety (35%) and severe anxiety (6%).&#x0D; Conclusion: Anxiety is common in infertile women. Among the respondents, all of the participants had developed the features of anxiety but in very low level. So association could not be assessed between the socio-demographic variables and level of anxiety.

Personality and psychological profile for patients with and without halitosis: A case-control study.

To compare the personalities, social avoidance and distress, and anxiety status of Chinese patients with and without objective halitosis, and investigate the association among these psychological disorders. Patients who complained of bad breath and diagnosed with objective halitosis were enrolled into the halitosis group, while patients without objective halitosis were enrolled into the control group. The questionnaires included the sociodemographic profile of the participants, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). A total of 280 patients were assigned into objective halitosis group (n = 146) and control group (n = 134). The extraversion subscales (E) score of the EPQ in the halitosis group were significantly lower than that in the control group (p = 0.001). The total SAD score and proportion of patients with anxiety symptoms in the BAI scale in the objective halitosis was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the extraversion subscale and the total SAD score, Social Avoidance and Social Distress subscales (p < 0.001). Patients with objective halitosis have more introverted personality traits and are more likely to have social avoidance and distress than the nonhalitosis population.

Correlation and influencing factors of preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, and delirium in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery

BackgroundThe correlation and influencing factors of preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, and delirium in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery were explored with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scale, 10-point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Confusion Assessment Method Chinese Reversion (CAM-CR) scale.MethodsA total of 120 patients aged 65 years old who receiving gastrointestinal cancer surgery were enrolled in the study. Perioperative anxiety, pain, and delirium were assessed by the BAI scale, VAS scale, and CAM-CR scale, respectively. The correlation and influencing factors of preoperative high anxiety, postoperative high pain, and postoperative delirium were analyzed.ResultsPreoperative high anxiety had a moderate positive correlation with postoperative high pain (P < 0.001, r = 0.410), and had a weak positive correlation with postoperative delirium (P = 0.005, r = 0.281). postoperative high pain had a weak positive correlation with postoperative delirium (P = 0.017, r = 0.236). Type of cancer and surgical approach were considered to be independent risk factors of preoperative high anxiety (P = 0.006 and P = 0.021). Preoperative high anxiety was considered to be an independent risk factor of postoperative high pain (P< 0.001). Age and preoperative high anxiety were considered to be independent risk factors of postoperative delirium (P< 0.001 and P = 0.010).ConclusionsElderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery had a higher incidence of preoperative anxiety, as well as first-day postoperative pain and first-day postoperative delirium. Factors such as type of cancer, surgical approach and preoperative anxiety had been identified as influencing preoperative anxiety levels; preoperative anxiety had been linked to postoperative pain; and age and preoperative anxiety have been identified as influencing factors of postoperative delirium.Trial registrationhiCTR2000032008, 17/04/2020, Title: “Effects of different analgesic methods on postoperative recovery of elderly patients with digestive tract tumor”. Website: https://www.chictr.ogr.cn.

The Evaluation of Effects of Electrical Stimulation in Treatment of Patients with Chronic Tinnitus with Normal Hearing Sensitivity.

Tinnitus is usually associated with different comorbidities such as anxiety, annoyance and depression. Evidences have targeted two main places for tinnitus treatment, namely the auditory cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reportedly associated with improvement of cognitive functions in individuals. This study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of repeated sessions of anodal bifrontal tDCS on tinnitus symptoms. Furthermore, the tDCS impacts on the comorbid depression and anxiety of the patients were investigated. Forty-two voluntaries that suffers from chronic tinnitus were randomly assigned into "real tDCS" (n = 21) and "sham tDCS" (n = 21) groups. The tDCS group, received tDCS with the protocol consisted of 2mA current, daily one session of 20min, 6 consecutive days per week and for 4 consecutive weeks. The tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) scale, was measured before the first tDCS session and at one-week and two weeks follow-up. With the same intervals; the distress-related tinnitus was evaluated using visual analogue scale. Depression and anxiety scores were also measured using the Beck depression inventory and Beck anxiety inventory scales, respectively. Our findings indicated that THI score, depression and anxiety level has been gradually diminished across subsequent measurement intervals. We also find significant reduction of distress-related tinnitus in the real-tDCS group after treatment. We conclude that application of tDCS to the bilateral DLPFC region alleviates chronic tinnitus and it should be considered in patients with refractory tinnitus.

Role of Intra-articular Piroxicam in the Temporomandibular Joint After Arthrocentesis for Anterior Disc Displacement Without Reduction.

This is comparative experimental research to evaluate the role of piroxicam in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after arthrocentesis. To evaluate the role of intra-articular piroxicam in the temporomandibular joint after arthrocentesis for anterior disc displacement without reduction. Twenty-two individuals (twenty-two TMJs) were evaluated clinically and radiographically for the study, and then they were randomly assigned to one of two groups. As for group I, they were given arthrocentesis using Ringer's solution (100 ml). Group II received an intra-articular injection of 20 mg/mL of piroxicam (in 1 mL of Ringer's solution) after arthrocentesis (100 mL). The same individuals were assessed both before and after surgery to determine the degree to which their symptoms had improved. Patients were seen in the clinic once a week for the first month after surgery, then once a month for the next three months. Group II patients presented with better results when compared with Group I. It can be concluded that installing a 1 ml intra-articular injection of piroxicam at a concentration of 20 mg/ml after arthrocentesis improves the relief of symptoms, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Relief of TMJ symptoms reduced the anxiety in the patients as evaluated by the BAIS (Beck's Anxiety Inventory Scale) score.

Face Masks at the Gymnasium: Physiological Responses and Mechanical Performance Are Not Compromised by Wearing Surgical or Filtering Facepiece 2 Masks in Healthy Subjects.

Rial-Vázquez, J, Nine, I, Guerrero-Moreno, JM, Rúa-Alonso, M, Fariñas, J, Márquez, G, Giráldez-García, MA, Méndez-Bouza, KY, López-Pillado, H, Coutado-Sánchez, E, Losada-Rodríguez, A, and Iglesias-Soler, E. Face masks at the gym: physiological responses and mechanical performance are not compromised by wearing surgical or filtering facepiece 2 masks in healthy subjects. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1404-1410, 2023-This study explored the effects of wearing 2 types of face masks on mechanical performance and physiological responses during high-intensity resistance exercise. Twelve healthy men performed 3 workout protocols in a randomized order: wearing a surgical or filtering facepiece 2 (FFP2) mask or without a mask. Each workout consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions of bench press (BP) and parallel squat (SQ) with a 12 repetition maximum load, including 2 minutes of recovery between sets and exercises. Mechanical performance was evaluated through the mean propulsive velocity and the number of repetitions completed during each session. Physiological responses were the oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood lactate concentration, heart rate (HR), and HR variability. Perceived exertion was recorded after each set, and The Beck Anxiety Inventory scale was completed at the end of each workout. The number of repetitions completed and the session mean propulsive velocity {(BP [m·s-1]: surgical: 0.35 ± 0.05; FFP2: 0.36 ± 0.04; nonmask: 0.38 ± 0.06) and (SQ: surgical: 0.43 ± 0.05; FFP2: 0.40 ± 0.07; nonmask: 0.41 ± 0.05)} were similar between conditions (p > 0.05). Heart rate recorded during sessions was similar across conditions: surgical: 119 ± 14, FFP2: 117 ± 13, and nonmask: 118 ± 10 bpm (p = 0.919). Face masks had no effect on SpO2, blood lactate concentration, HR variability, perceived exertion, and anxiety values (p > 0.05). Face masks do not compromise strength performance, physiological parameters, and perceived comfort of young and healthy individuals during a high-intensity resistance training session.

Impact of Anxiety on Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptoms of Burnout in Multi-Professional Residents in Brazil During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and to identify associated factors among multi-professional residents in Brazil during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study included a sample of 752 multi-professional residents selected by snowball technique. Symptoms of anxiety were measured by the Beck anxiety inventory scale (≥ 16 cut-off). We used WHOQOL-BREF to access the health-related quality of life and the Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure the burnout syndrome. PR and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the Poisson regression model. The prevalence of anxiety was 41.2% (310/752). Some variables were strongly associated with anxiety: afraid of getting COVID-19; extra work demand during COVID-19 pandemic; sweating/wheezing/increased heart rate during work; feeling safe when using personal protective equipment at work, and psychological support from residence preceptors. Residents with symptoms of anxiety showed high emotional exhaustion at work (36.6 ± 9.6 vs. 24.7 ± 10.7, P = 0.001) and depersonalization (8.9 ± 6.0 vs. 5.6 ± 4.9, P = 0.001). Correlations coefficients between emotional exhaustion versus Physical WHOQOL-BREF and between emotional exhaustion versus Psychological WHOQOL-BREF were significantly lower among residents without anxiety (P = 0.027 and P = 0,03, respectively). The prevalence of anxiety was high and strongly associated with several variables, particularly with being afraid of getting COVID-19, the perception of workload, somatization (sweating, wheezing and increased heart rate during work), feeling unsafe when using personal protective equipment, and lack of psychological support from residence preceptors. Anxiety was associated with increased emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low health-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Low WHOQOL-BREF environment domain, and high emotional exhaustion MBI domain increased the chances of presenting symptoms of anxiety.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) on male sexual health

<h3>Objectives</h3> During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was an increase in the amount of men seeking treatment at urology outpatient clinics for sexual complaints. However, it is unknown whether this condition is directly related to COVID-19. The impact of COVID-19 on male sexual health was explored in the present study. <h3>Methods</h3> Individuals in the male sexual health cohort of our clinic were retrospectively examined. Men who applied to our clinic in the last 6 months and had a history of COVID-19 afterward were invited for an assesment at the 3rd month post COVID-19. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), and prolactin (PRL) levels were all measured. Furthermore, the Premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT), the Chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI), the International Index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5), the Beck depression inventory (BDI), and the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) scores were recorded. The pre-covid and post-covid data of the subjects were compared. <h3>Results</h3> The mean age of the participants was 34.8±7.7, the mean body mass index was 26.82±5.3, and the mean modified Charlson comorbidity index was 0.2±0.41. COVID-19 severity was mild in 19/25 (76%) and moderate in 6/25 (24%) of the subjects. LH, FSH, TT, and PRL levels did not differ between precovid and postcovid periods (p>0.05). There was no significant change in PEDT, NIH-CPSI, IIEF-5, or BAI scale scores in the postcovid period (p>0.05), although there was an remarkable decrease in BDI scores as compared to the precovid period (p>0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> While there was no difference in sex hormone levels or scale scores used to assess premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, chronic prostatitis, or anxiety, we noticed an unanticipated decrease in depression levels in individuals recovering from COVID-19. More precise results on the impact of COVID-19 on male sexual health could be revealed in future cohort studies with higher case numbers. <h3>Conflicts of Interest</h3> The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) on male sexual health

During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was an increase in the amount of men seeking treatment at urology outpatient clinics for sexual complaints. However, it is unknown whether this condition is directly related to COVID-19. The impact of COVID-19 on male sexual health was explored in the present study. Individuals in the male sexual health cohort of our clinic were retrospectively examined. Men who applied to our clinic in the last 6 months and had a history of COVID-19 afterward were invited for an assesment at the 3rd month post COVID-19. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), and prolactin (PRL) levels were all measured. Furthermore, the Premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT), the Chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI), the International Index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5), the Beck depression inventory (BDI), and the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) scores were recorded. The pre-covid and post-covid data of the subjects were compared. The mean age of the participants was 34.8±7.7, the mean body mass index was 26.82±5.3, and the mean modified Charlson comorbidity index was 0.2±0.41. COVID-19 severity was mild in 19/25 (76%) and moderate in 6/25 (24%) of the subjects. LH, FSH, TT, and PRL levels did not differ between precovid and postcovid periods (p>0.05). There was no significant change in PEDT, NIH-CPSI, IIEF-5, or BAI scale scores in the postcovid period (p>0.05), although there was an remarkable decrease in BDI scores as compared to the precovid period (p>0.05). While there was no difference in sex hormone levels or scale scores used to assess premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, chronic prostatitis, or anxiety, we noticed an unanticipated decrease in depression levels in individuals recovering from COVID-19. More precise results on the impact of COVID-19 on male sexual health could be revealed in future cohort studies with higher case numbers. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Prenatal Anxiety, Perceived Stress, and Coping Behaviour regarding Covid-19 among Pregnant Women at a selected Hospital, Kochi, South India

Background: The uncertainty brought about by the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) disease threatens the mental well-being of pregnant women with stress and anxiety. Further, pregnancy is a period of mixed feelings, aggravated by hormonal imbalances. This study aimed to describe pregnant women’s prenatal anxiety, perceived stress, and coping behaviour. Method: The study (N=384) utilised a cross-sessional design. Respondents were recruited by consecutive sampling. Through online mode, a structured proforma was used to collect demographics. The “Beck Anxiety Inventory Scale” was used to measure the prenatal anxiety level. Perceived stress was examined by administering the “Perceived Stress Scale,” and the “Brief Cope Scale” was used to assess the coping behaviour among participants. The data were analysed to determine the level of Covid-19-related anxiety, perceived stress, and coping behaviour adopted by the participants. This was done by using SPSS software, IBM SPSS 20, and p&lt;0.05level of significance. Results: The majority of pregnant women, 210(55%), showed moderate anxiety. Their anxieties were related to Covid-19. The commonly found anxiety symptoms among pregnant women in this study were wobbliness in the legs, a feeling of hotness, numbness or tingling, faint or light-headedness, and hot or cold sweats. There was a moderate positive correlation (r=0.566, significant at p&lt;0.001) between perceived stress and prenatal anxiety. The Coefficient of Determination showed that 32% of prenatal anxiety was accounted for by the perceived stress of the mother. The mean perceived stress score was 16.88+6.218, with a range of 9, and the mean coping behaviour score was 57.99+20, with a range of 20. The degree of correlation between perceived stress and coping behaviour had a moderate positive correlation (r=0.444, significant at p&lt;0.001level). Conclusions: The study demonstrated increased anxiety and perceived stress that was related to Covid-19 amongst pregnant women.

The influence of pica practice on nutritional status, stress and anxiety of pregnant women

Pica is a minor disorder in pregnancy associated with strong craving for food or non -food substances of little or no nutritional value. ObjectiveThe study assesses the characteristics of pica practice among pregnant women and evaluates its influence on the nutritional status, anxiety and stress of pregnant women. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending the antenatal unit of a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, India. Pregnant women took a survey for presence of pica practice. Women with pica practice were assessed for dietary information, haemoglobin, pre-pregnant body mass index and stool analysis. Women's anxiety and stress were assessed using Beck anxiety inventory scale and Lipp Stress Inventory Scale. ResultsOut of 739 pregnant women screened, 220 (29.7%) women were found to practice pica. Of the 220 women, 42.2% ingested food substances, 41% ingested non-food substance and 16.8% consumed both. The most common substances craved for were: unripe mango (42.2%), pagophagia (23.8%), ash (41%) and geophagia (19%). Amongst the women with pica, 67.3% women had anaemia, 36% were underweight and 9.5% were overweight. About 40% women had low anxiety, 43% had moderate anxiety and 17% had severe anxiety. Distribution of women based on phases of stress found 15.4% in alert phase, 65% in resistance phase, 1.4% in near exhaustion phase, and 18.2% in exhaustions phase. ConclusionThe study identified that pica practice is not limited to ingestion of edible substances alone. Women practicing pica during pregnancy had anaemia, increased levels of stress and anxiety.

Mental Health Assessment Post-Covid among Dental College Students - Online Questionnaire Study

AIM: The study aims to understand the mental state of dental students in the POST COVID -19 Pandemic and to determine the factors that influence their mental health. OBJECTIVE: To assess the mental health of students as they strive to balance their duty of academics concerning their own well–being and family in the post Pandemic situation. Materials and Methods The research instruments used in this study included basic demographics; age, gender, year of study and health condition related to COVID-19, and family and friends’ health conditions related to COVID-19 independent variables. Beck Anxiety Inventory Scale and Students Stress Rating Scale are used to assess the anxiety. Results An equal proportion of male (50%) and female (50%) students’ response was taken in which males have more anxiety level when compared to that females. Students of 22 age have shown more stress when compared to that of other age. Discussion Many studies have shown that the stress level of males is more when compared to that of females. Although several studies have assessed levels of stress and identified stressors in the dental environment in India and world, no studies have used measures of stress and anxiety to assess the psychological well-being of undergraduate dental students specifically. Therefore, our aim was to measure the levels of anxiety and behaviourial stress among dental students at Tagore dental college and hospital (TDCH) and to investigate the relationship between these levels and previously reported stressors Summary and Conclusions Hencemales have higher anxiety when compared to that of females in the post pandemic situation. Males have negative impact on the mental state. Higher the age, more behaviourial stress and anxiety level was elicited. Key Words COVID 19, stress, anxiety

The Relationship Between Suicidal Behavior and Metacognitive Characteristics in Male Patients with Antisocial Personality Disorder

Objective: Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a mental disorder with impaired psychosocial functioning and carries a high risk for suicide. Previous studies have investigated the role of metacognitive considerations in individual behavioral differences and provided ample evidence of significant relationships between emotional processes, cognition, metacognitive beliefs, and behavior. A close relationship between metacognitive functions and personality disorders was suggested. This study investigated the relationship between the metacognitive characteristics of male patients with ASPD and suicidal behavior. Method: We included seventy-four patients diagnosed with ASPD according to DSM-5 criteria, who applied to Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine Balcalı Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, as the patient group and 74 healthy volunteers as the control group. Sociodemographic data form, Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ), Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale (BSIS), Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to the participants. Results: The control and ASPD groups were similar in terms of age, years of education, educational and marital status, and place of residence (p&gt;0.05 for each). The MCQ and its subscales, BSIS, SBQ, BDI, and BAI scale scores, were significantly higher in the patient group (p&lt;0.05 for each). Patients who have previously attempted suicide have significantly higher MCQ- uncontrollability and danger (p=0.028), MCQ- need to control thoughts subscales (p=0.016), and BSIS, SBS, BDI, BAI (p&lt;0.001 for each) mean scores than those who have not attempted suicide. There was a positive correlation between SBQ and MCQ-cognitive confidence (p=0.04) and MCQ- need to control thoughts (p=0.01) subscales in the patient group. Conclusions: Metacognitive beliefs may be associated with the severity of suicidal behavior, depression, and anxiety symptoms in male patients with ASPD. The negative metacognitive functions, especially beliefs about the need to control thoughts, may help determine the risk of suicide in individuals with ASPD, and metacognitive therapy methods may be beneficial for those patients.

Clinical, laboratory and psychological aspects of moderate COVID-19 in cardiovascular patients one month after discharge from the hospital

Aim. To study clinical, laboratory and psychological aspects of moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cardiovascular patients one month after discharge from the hospital.Material and methods. The study included 88 patients with cardiovascular diseases hospitalized for COVID-19. After 1 month, 72 respondents continued the participation in the study. Medical history collection, physical examination, and diagnostic investigations were performed. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) by Zigmond A. S., Snaith R. P., Beck Anxiety Inventory scale, Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scale for assessing mental status.Results. One month after discharge, there was a decrease in the number of patients with signs of impaired respiratory system, such as cough, shortness of breath, chest congestion, while a decrease in exercise tolerance persists was revealed in 80,5% (out of 95,5% during hospiatalization), generalized weakness and increased sweating — in 69,5%. In addition, 38,9% of patients noted a noticeable, newly reported, hair loss. Attention is drawn to the high prevalence of neurological symptoms during hospiatalization, including dizziness, severe headaches not relieved by analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lethargy, disorientation of place and time, and in some cases even hallucinations. Some of the symptoms persist after 1 month: 55,5% note a decrease in memory, 36% — feelings of fear and anxiety, 63,9% — sleep disorders in the form of frequent nocturnal awakenings (19,4%), insomnia (16,6%), long falling asleep (11,1%). Some of the respondents revealed unfavorable events over the past month as follows: blood pressure (BP) destabilization in the form of episodes of BP increase and decrease during the day — 36,0%, hypertensive crisis — 14,0%. There was an increase in the number of patients with subclinical and clinical depression (p&lt;0,05). There was also an increase in the number of patients with hypercholesterolemia compared with inhospital data by 15,5%.Conclusion. One month after discharge, the respiratory symptoms naturally decrease, but new symptoms appear, such as shortness of breath during exercise, fatigue, unsteady gait, hair loss, and increased sweating. There was an increase in the number of patients with subclinical and clinical depression on the HADS scale. Among laboratory parameters, an increase in the number of patients with increased level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins was revealed.