Types Of Beauty Research Articles

The Depiction of Beauty-by-Beauty Influencers on Instagram and Generations Z’s Perception of Them

Social media influencers (SMIs) are immensely popular and act as cultural gatekeepers for beauty. While advertisers commonly believe that “beauty sells,” this study asks (1) what types of beauty do SMIs depict and how does it compare to that portrayed in fashion magazines over thirty years ago? (2) as cultural gatekeepers what cultural values do SMIs depict and how are they related to the types of beauty? And (3) what are Generation Z’s (Gen Z) perceptions of the types of beauty depicted by beauty SMIs? These questions are answered through a content analysis of the top-100 beauty influencers and interviews with 20 Gen Z consumers analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis The study found that standard beauty ideals are still valuable when used by SMIs, but the weight of each type is more fluid and SMIs can flow between more than one. SMIs are also helping to grow new or nonstandard beauty ideals, categorized as “other.” The study proves extant knowledge evolves and adapts to this new revolutionary digital format and highlights future possible paths for the future of Gen Z beauty advertising.

秋史 글씨 <金福奎·金箕鍾 旌閭碑> 서예미 고찰

This study aims to investigate Chusa Kim Jeong-hui’s handwriting on Kim Bok-gyu⋅Kim Ki-jeong Jeongnyeobi (金福奎⋅金箕鍾 旌閭碑) and the calligraphic aesthetics. This is based on the records that Gim Bok-gyu⋅Gim Gi-jong Jeongnyeobi has its roots in Haseungbi.
 Jeongnyeo refers to the the king's commendation to loyalists, filial sons, and chaste women. During the Joseong Dynasty, Confucianism was the national ideology. Based on the Samgangohrun(三綱五倫) in Confucianism, loyalists, filial sons, and chaste women were commended (旌閭) so they could set an example for others. If a family member was commended, to signify the commendation, a commemorative pavilion would be built, in which there was a jeongnyeobi. Also, there would be a memorial gate (旌門) to signify the commendation and honor their spirit.
 This study first investigated in detail Gim Bok-gyu⋅Gim Gi-jong Jeongnyeobi. Then, it was confirmed that there was great interest in Haseungbi during the 18th centuries when Chusa lived. Lastly, it was identified that Chusa emphasized training of rubbings (碑帖).
 In conclusion, although Chusa wrote the jeongnyeobi based on Haseungbi's handwriting(筆意) that received great interest during the 18th centuries, he created a new type of calligraphic beauty based on the existing Haseungbi that is even more sophisticated.

Rekomendasi Tempat Wisata Menggunakan Metode TOPSIS Pada Dinas Kebudayaan Dan Pariwisata Kota Gorontalo

Decision-making is experienced by the Tourism Office, which must make recommendations for tourist attractions in Gorontalo Province. Decision-making that combines quantitative and qualitative elements can be assisted by a decision support system (SPK). According to its understanding, SPK is an interactive computer-based system that helps decision-makers use data and various models to solve unstructured problems. This subjectivity usually occurs to reduce the complexity of the decision-making process due to many alternatives. If in the decision-making process for tourist attraction recommendations, users can be assisted by a computerized decision support system that provides desired recommendations for tourist attractions. To calculate the consideration of this tourist attraction in the decision support system can use the topsis method with criteria such as Tourist cost, Time of visit, Age, Type of attraction, Mileage, Facilities, Beauty, and Safety. The method used in this study is the TOPSIS Method because it is based on its concept that the best alternative has the shortest distance from the positive ideal solution and the longest distance from the Negative ideal solution.

Development Strategy Digitalization on Tourism Destinations Gunung Tumpa Raya Forest Park H. V. People Regional Technical Implementation Units North Sulawesi Provincial Forestry Service

Business tourist natural held in accordance with principal conservation source power natural life and its ecosystem, for increased utilization uniqueness, peculiarity, beauty nature and/ or beauty type or diversity type wildlife and/ or type plants found in the area asylum wildlife, garden national, park forest highways and parks tour nature. Purpose of this research is intended for do analysis about: Development strategy Forest Mountain Forest Park tour Tumpa HV People as well as knowing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats for Park development Forest Raya Gunung Tumpa HV People. Method Research use Method Study Qualitative Descriptive in which the data collection techniques consist from interview, observation, and documentation with refers to the SWOT matrix (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat). From the results study about development destination tour, obtained some strategies as following: Promotion through online media with take advantage of the digital era, Provision of capital and facilities, Communication with community lover natural for promotion and outreach in a manner periodically.

The Effect of “Inclusive Marketing” Efforts by BLP Beauty Toward Brand Image, Brand Trust, Brand Love and Brand Loyalty

Over the last few years, the concept of beauty has changed, and different types of beauty started to be celebrated and promoted. The new concept of beauty has influenced how a brand delivers its message through advertising, especially in the beauty industry. BLP Beauty is a makeup brand that promises and promotes “Beauty for All” in its marketing. The marketing strategy is often called “Inclusive Marketing,” where a brand creates content, campaign, or advertisement using models from different backgrounds such as gender, race, ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. This research aims to understand BLP Beauty’s inclusive marketing effect on brand image, trust, love, and loyalty through brand experience. This study employs quantitative methods by an online survey to the customers of BLP Beauty who are aware of the inclusive marketing efforts. PLS-SEM and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The result indicates that the brand experience of inclusive marketing positively influences brand image, brand trust, and brand love. At the same time, brand image positively influences brand trust and significantly influences brand love. Brand love significantly influences brand loyalty. In contrast, brand trust has no significant influence on brand loyalty. The result of this study is expected to provide insight for BLP Beauty and beauty brands on inclusive marketing strategy

Race, beauty type, and femininity in fashion advertising: Analysis of young Chinese female consumers’ responses

This study investigated young Chinese female consumers’ responses to fashion advertising that features Eastern (local) and Western (global) fashion ideals. These ideals were operationalized into categories of race (East Asian versus Caucasian), beauty type (“Cute/Girl-next-door” versus “Sensual/Sex-kitten”), and femininity (submissive versus assertive). The results of two experiments (n1 = 114, n2 = 208) revealed that, overall, young Chinese female consumers preferred advertising with Caucasian (versus East Asian), Cute/Girl-next-door (versus Sensual/Sex-kitten), and assertive (versus submissive) fashion models. Moreover, both Caucasian and East Asian models portrayed as Sensual/Sex-kitten types received more positive responses when posed as assertive rather than submissive. Caucasian models portrayed as Cute/Girl-next-door types received more positive responses when posed as assertive rather than submissive, whereas the opposite results were found for East Asian models. This study highlights managerial implications for cultural positioning strategies and implementation in fashion advertising that targets young Chinese female consumers.

Beauty in art: synthesis of the beautiful and the ugly

Beauty is that category of aesthetics, the definition of which is still the subject of controversy among philosophers and art researchers. Beauty is both objective and subjective, absolute and relative, it is an imperative of art and it develops historically. Beauty forms a dialectical triad together with two other leading aesthetic categories — the beautiful and the ugly. In this triad, different types of synthesis of the beautiful and the ugly form the basis of historical types of beauty. Philosophers, artists, art researchers have always had a professional interest in the dialectical connection «beautiful-ugly». However, firstly, the relations between these categories have not been studied previously from the standpoint of their dialectical analysis and synthesis at the same time. Secondly, different types of synthesis of the beautiful and the ugly did not stand out. These two conditions are taken into account in the article. In addition, beauty is considered as an aesthetic meta–category in the context of the dialectical triad «beautiful — ugly — beauty». Together, this made it possible to describe, explain and predict the change of historical types of beauty in the arts in the article. According to the author’s concept, three such objective types are distinguished and they correspond to the mimetic, non-mimetic and post-mimetic stages of the development of spatial arts. So the beautiful dominates the ugly (the art of the Ancient World, Antiquity, the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Modern times); the beautiful borders on the ugly (the art of modernism); the ugly dominates the beautiful (the art of postmodernism). The author also substantiates the assumption that today the next type of beauty has appeared. It arose like the previous ones in the conditions of radical changes in the artistic perception of the system-organizational principles of the Universe.

Beauty Types of Female Advertising Models in Asia

Previously published research has addressed the beauty types of female advertising models from Western perspectives, which have also been applied directly to classify Asian models. We report qualitative research results which show that Asian consumers’ beauty typologies differ from Western consumers’ typologies and are mostly based on models’ facial characteristics. We identified 10 beauty types for classifying Asian advertising models, of which seven are newly established. The subsequent quantitative study shows that eight of these types are either sexually oriented (international beauty, Korean beauty, sexy, cool) or aesthetic (pretty, natural, sweet, local beauty). Furthermore, we find that cosmetic surgery procedures lead to respondents perceiving the model as displaying more sexually oriented beauty types. We discuss the implications of these findings for advertising effectiveness in Asian contexts, and for academic and societal relevance.

On Archibald Alison’s Conception of Aesthetic Experience and Its Selected Sources and Inspirations


 The present article is devoted to aesthetic experience as conceived by Archibald Alison. It reconstructs the associationist sources of his views in the form of selected issues from the aesthetics of D. Hume and A. Gerard. In the case of the former, three types of beauty and the general characteristics of experiencing them are recalled. In the case of the latter, a general view of the nature of aesthetic experience is presented, including the role of internal senses, feelings, their accumulation and associative relations. Alison’s conception of autonomous aesthetic experience is laid out based both on the first edition of his works and on subsequent editions, which include quite substantial revisions. Discussed in detail here are the issues of simple emotion and the aesthetic train of ideas, which together constitute an autonomous aesthetic experience. Also, the article provides an explanation of the difference between emotions of pleasure and emotions of taste. Moreover, it outlines the social resonance of aesthetic taste and its manifestations.

A Study on Customized Smart Beauty Recognition and Brand Strategy

Purpose: This study seeks to discover how customized smart beauty recognition can produce positive results, and to demonstrate that it affects brand attitudes and purchasing intentions of buyers. Pine & Gilmore's experience theory will be used as a basis for this study. This study focuses on customized cosmetics as a type of beauty product.Methods: Data were gathered from 255 women between the ages 20 and 40 from all over Korea. Different tools were used to analyze the data, including the SPSS WIN 21.0 program, Varimax for regression analysis, and Cronbach's α coefficient for reliability analysis. Differences in characteristics were conducted using a one-way-ANOVA, follow-up verification, and correlation analysis between variables and influence verification.Results: Customized cosmetics helped accurately diagnose and prescribe the consumer’s condition with measuring devices. The smart beauty service that the consumer’s experienced was face measurement and virtual makeup. In the future, the consumer ’s would like to experience the effect of skin care before and after skin condition measurement as a smart beauty service. Looking at the impact of Fine & Gilmore's theory of experience economy on brand attitude and purchase intention, the higher the educational experience (β=0.313), the more realistic the experience (β=0.195), the higher the aesthetic experience (β=.357) and the higher the brand attitude (β=0.667). The intention to purchase clearly increases with these positive experiences.Conclusion: This study concluded that although customized cosmetics are highly reliable but expensive, buyers still want to purchase them at a reasonable price. It was also discovered that smart beauty services want improvements in measurement errors, the reliability of the information provided, and the ability to perform additional comparative analysis. Moreover, like Pine & Gilmore's theory of experience economy, it was determined that the higher the satisfaction consumers have after their experience, the higher the brand image and the intention to purchase. We hope to use this theory as important information for continuing research in the beauty industry.

ИЕРОГЛИФ И ИКЕБАНА: ОТ БАЛАНСА ИНЬ-ЯН К РАЗРУШЕНИЮ ФОРМЫ СИН-ГЁ-СО

This study investigates a deep connection between Japanese characters and Ikebana, which is due to the fact that Japanese characters as well as ikebana express the same picture of the world. Because the basis of this model of the world is laying in the Chinese tradition, we will first examine the Chinese characters and Chinese art of flower arrangement or chahua, and then the Japanese characters and Japanese ikebana. In the study, we refer not only to the works of Russian researchers, such as V.V. Malyavin, V.G. Belozyorova and V.A. Pronnikov, but, to a greater extent, to sources in Japanese (Nakamura Yasuo, Sasaoki Ryuho, Kumakura Isao, etc.), as well as to English-speaking authors or translations (Li Xia, Li Huilin). Analyzing the structure of the Chinese character, we look at lined paper for calligraphy which is usually being used in China. Lines of this paper indicate the connection of the structure of a character with Taiji or Supreme Ultimate, because a character is inscribed in a circle of Taiji, it has Yin and Yang sides and as we can say ‘exists’ in the ‘circle of changes’ or Bagua. In Japan, Chinese lined paper were not widespread, but the styles of calligraphy (regular script, semi-cursive script, cursive script) that came from China were elevated to the principle of simplified and broken form, Shin – Gyo – So, which became the basis for the Japanese type of beauty, kuzushi-no bi. Then we turn to the Chinese flower art, chahua and show its basic principle, which related to the Chinese characters, we mean the balance of Yin and Yang. Japanese art of ikebana we analyze in more detail and observe three main schools of Ikebana: Ikenobo, Ohara and Sogetsu. In the schemes of the Ikenobo (the oldest school in Japan), we find schemes in which floral arrangements are inscribed in a circle of Taiji (rikka flowers). In a later direction of Japanese flower arrangement (shoka, or seika flowers), we meet the principle of Shin – Gyo – So. We consider the same principle on the example of chabana, that is, flower arrangements for a tea ceremony. We also observe ikebana of Japanese literati Bunjin, who strive for a lifestyle of Chinese literati Wenren. The flowers in Chinese taste in contrast with actually Japanese ikebana do not have any patterns, but it has ‘refined riddle theme’ meigogadai with limited combinations of flowers. Also, it has more obvious connection with Chinese characters form. We conclude that a Chinese character shows subtle difference between manifested and unmanifested world, balance of Yin Yang while in Japanese tradition we can see preference of forms broken or simplified with Shin Gyo So. Chinese flower arrangement сhahua is also based on Yin Yang balance while in Japanese Ikebana it was transformed with Shin Gyo So.

Defiant Geographies: Race & Urban Space in 1920s Rio de Janeiro by Lorraine Leu

Reviewed by: Defiant Geographies: Race & Urban Space in 1920s Rio de Janeiro by Lorraine Leu Jamie L. Worms Lorraine Leu Defiant Geographies: Race & Urban Space in 1920s Rio de Janeiro. Place of Publication: The University of Pittsburgh Press, 2020. CCXXXVIII + 238 pp. Maps, diagrams, tables, ills., notes, appendices, references, index. $42.00 paper (ISBN); $00.00 cloth (ISBN); $00.00 electronic (ISBN 9780822946007). Defiant geographies is written to honor the people of color who, in the face of racialized violence, continue to live and occupy spaces in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Lorraine Leu, Associate Professor at the University of Texas Austin and the Lozano Long Institute for Latin American Studies contributes a well-researched and thought-provoking cultural studies project to analyze how race, not class, makes place in Rio in 1922 alongside the construction of the Centennial World Fair. Leu utilizes a stunning array of primary sources and cultural texts including, but not limited to, news articles, photographs, lithographs, poems, and advertisements to analyze how urbanization and the pursuit of modernity coincided with racial oppression in Rio. This book also provides a perspective on the ways in which racialized people resist, reinvent, reorganize, and generally, “defy” the ambitions of dominant spaces. The greatest strength of this book comes in the form of these rich and fascinating examples of defiance. While Leu does not provide a definition for race, which may be problematic for some, she does explain that the terms whiteness and blackness are necessary to understand the production of space in Rio. At a time when 60 percent of the Brazilian population was black, urbanization and modernization associated with the Centennial World Fair provided Rio the opportunity to change its image as a black city in phenotype and culture. In preparation for the Centennial World Fair, hosted in Rio to celebrate Brazil’s 100th anniversary of independence from Portugal, public discourse employed descriptors like “backward, colonial, criminal, indolent, [and] unsanitary” (p. 8) to justify the removal of Castelo Hill, a historic community located in downtown Rio. Leu argues that the perception of Castelo Hill in the public imaginary as a black space is why the community was vehemently destroyed and replaced with a newly envisioned modern city, that had no room for blackness or a legacy of slavery. The four chapters and epilogue that follow the introduction, all make the same basic point: urbanization obscures racialized people and practices and is often used as a mechanism of topocide, “the deliberate annihilation of place” (p. 37). Yet, this book is never boring. Leu cleverly highlights cultural examples of the ways in which black bodies defy the ambitions of this dominant space. Leu organizes her examples of how race makes space thematically by chapter 1) discourse, 2) visuality, 3) spatial practices, and 4) material form. Leu’s examples are diverse, intriguing, and thoughtfully analyzed. Defiant Geographies contributes an overwhelmingly unique and intimate analysis of race making place in Rio and its multitude of examples would make this a great book for in-class discussion. [End Page 213] In Race, Ethnicity, and Urbanization, Leu provides examples of discourse to explain that while Brazil was modernizing through the implementation of immigration policies, public health campaigns, and urban renewal projects, it was simultaneously reconfiguring its “class and racial composition” around ideals of beautification and whiteness (p. 27). I loved the example Leu used from Revista da Semana, a national magazine that hosted beauty contest promoting “diverse types of beauty” that upheld the ideals of the raça Brasiliera (Brazilian race) (p. 32). Meanwhile, the first seven winners were white. It is this type of discourse consumed by the governing and middle class that help justify the violent demolition and topocide of black communities like Castelo Hill. In Race, Ethnicity and Visuality, Leu explains that images like lithographs and photographs were influential texts for a largely illiterate populations and could be used strategically to reflect the ambitions, modernity, and progress of dominant geographies. Photographs like the one Leu uses on her book cover, had power to fix and embed notions of race in the landscape, highlight incompatibilities with modernization, and obscure the city’s legacy of slavery. As such, the gaze...

A Study on Nail Art Work Using Pixels as Motives

Humans pursue new types of beauty to satisfy individuality and personal emotion. Moreover, digital culture becomes an indispensable part of daily life in the post-Coronavirus era. A pixel, the smallest part of a digital image, has been actively used in visual art, including in digital art and new media due to its ability to express symbolism. However, there is almost no research on nail art using pixels. Accordingly, it is urgently required to investigate the design and creation of novel and unique nail art using pixels. Thus, this paper aims to propose a variety of expression methods for nail art design by dividing nail art design using pixels into planes and 3D designs. In other words, this paper tries to present a further direction and provide basic data for nail art design. This will allow for an expanded scope of art applying unique approaches to the creation of nail art designs as a mean to enhance individuality and self-satisfaction.

AHMED B. İBRÂHÎM ES-SERÛCÎ VE TUHFETU’L-ASHÂB VE NUZHETU ZEVÎL-ELBÂB ADLI ESERİ

Serûc’da doğan Aḥmed b. İbrâhîm es-Serûcî (ö. 710/1310), küçük yaşlarda Şam’a oradan da Mısır’a göç etmiş ve burada yaşamını sürdürmüştür. VII/XIII yüzyılın ikinci çeyreği ile VIII/XIV. yüzyılın başları arasında Bahrî Memlükler döneminde yaşamıştır. Bu dönemde ilmî faaliyetler ve ilimle meşgul olanlar her zaman teşvik edilmiş ve âlimler toplumda önemli görevlere getirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda es-Serûcî de dönemin ilim merkezi olan Mısır’daki medreselerde ve camilerde devrin önemli âlimlerinden ders alarak yetişmiş ve burada birçok talebe yetiştirmiştir. Ayrıca kadılık vazifesinden dolayı bir süre dönemin siyaseti içerisinde aktif bir rol oynamıştır. Hususiyetle dinî ilimlerdeki bilgisiyle öne çıkan âlim, bu alanda telif ettiği ve el-Ġâye adını verdiği eserle gerek kendi devrinde gerekse kendinden sonraki asırlarda adından çokça söz ettirmiştir. Hanefi fıkhına dair kaleme alınan el-Hidâye üzerine yazılan bu eser, ilk mufassal Hidâye şerhi olması hasebiyle de önemlidir. Devrin önde gelen âlimlerinden aklî ve naklî ilimleri öğrenen müellif, bu ilimlerin yanı sıra Arap dili ve edebiyatı alanında da derin bilgi sahibidir. Hocalığı ve kadılığı gibi meziyetlerinin yanısıra müellifin Arap edebiyatına olan ilgisinin en güzel örneği de hiç şüphesiz bu alana dair yazmış olduğu ve tespit edilen tek eseri Tuḥfetu’l-Aṣḥâb ve Nuzhetu Ẕevi’l-Elbâb ’dır. Çok sayıda kaynağın toplanılmasıyla telif edilen bu çalışmada ayet, hadis ve şiirlerden getirilen şevâhidlerle birlikte klasik nesir ve nazım geleneğine ait birçok türe yer verilmiştir. Bu eser, Arap dili ve edebiyatının yanı sıra dinî ilimlerle birlikte tarih, edebiyat tarihi, tıp, sosyoloji ve coğrafya gibi muhtelif alanlara dair bilgiler de içermektedir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak müellifin hayatı ve eserleri hakkında bilgi verilecek akabinde şimdiye kadar bilim dünyasında hakkında hiçbir çalışma yapılmamış olan Tuḥfetu’l-Aṣḥâb ve Nuzhetu Ẕevi’l-Elbâb adlı yazma halindeki eseri müellife aidiyet, yazma eser nüshaları, telif sebebi, muhteva, yararlanılan kaynaklar ve metod gibi açılardan incelenecektir.

PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI WISATA ALAM SECARA SPASIAL DESA BONGO KECAMATAN BATUDAA PANTAI KABUPATEN GORONTALO (Spatial Natural Tourism Potential Development of Bongo District of Batudaa Pantai Gorontalo Regency)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of spatial natural tourism potential and identification of Bongo torism potential using SWOT analysis. By usung a qualitative descriptive method and data source in the from of primary and secondary data. Primary data covering field observation, interview and secondary data covering the map of RBI 1: 25.000, satellite image of Google Maps and data of visitor number which then described by SWOT matrix. The result of this study indicate the Bongo village has good natural tourism potential to be developed, in terms of attractiveness with the hills are very beautiful types of taours that can be developed that is a natural panorama taour and outbound tourism other than that Bongo village has a Dulanga beach with coral reef and other merine biota with a decent tour to be developed that is snorkeling tour. As for supporting facilities and infrastructure of natural attractions Bongo village needs to be added in order to meet the needs of tourist who visit because wih adequate faciliteis and infrastructure can increase the number of tourists both local and foreign.

Dreams for Sale: Ideal Beauty in the Eyes of the Advertiser

Dreams for Sale: Ideal Beauty in the Eyes of the Advertiser

أسس بناء المجتمع المتحضر: بحث في أساليب الشيخ محمد هاشم أشعري اللغوية في دعوته الكتابية

Since along time ago, Muslim scholars in Indonesia have made efforts to da’wa for building a civilized society for community of this part of the land, especially for their muslims. The greatest one of them was Sheikh Mohammed Hashim Ash'ari. He was the founder of Nahdlatul Ulama, one of the largest Islamic social organization in Indonesia. This research aimed to identify the beauty of language styles of his da’wa adopted from his writing Muqaddima al Qanun al Asasy. This research also analyze the principles of building a civilized society of Sheikh Mohammed Hashim Ash'ari’s thought. This research used the descriptive method and the techniques of reading and writing to collect and to classify data. Then to analyze those data used appropriate theories. The results of this research are that the language styles of da’wa of Sheikh Mohammed Hashim Ash'ari in his writing decorated with many types of magnificence, beauty and clear statement. These linguistic manifestations underlined his principles of building a civilized society and that are viewed from many terms used such as meeting, acquaintanceship, union, harmony, cooperation among all its members.

하위문화적 브리콜라주로서 패션 스타일의 특성과 의미 규명 : 2014 F/W~2019 S/S 중심으로

Since 2014, a new aesthetic fashion style has emerged that borrows from subculture groups that do not traditionally relate to the fashion trend system. The abnormal and anti-aesthetic fashion style -which is distinguished from the perfect beauty that traditional fashion tends to pursue- appears in a similar pattern as the style of a unique and heterogeneous subculture that was distinguished from the mainstream culture of the 1960s. Socio-culturalists, who have performed previous research on subculture, explained such expression of subculture fashion using bricolage, which transforms the meaning of new symbols into their own symbols through the non-pessimistic arrangement of everyday objects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and meanings of anti-aesthetic fashion styles appearing after 2014 through the subculture bricolage form. This research looks at the concepts of subculture and bricolage through literature researches. It studies the meaning of style and considers the bricolage of Dick Hebdige, who is a social and cultural scholar, through stylistic examples of subculture. The research considers characteristics of a total of six fashion styles, including Normcore, Gorpcore, Nerd Style, Daddy Style, Retro Style, and Street Style, that have appeared since 2014. The research analyzes the meaning of style as it appears in modern fashion and identifies it via the bricolage form. It creates a new meaning in which universality is destroyed by reversal of the mainstream which means ugly is attractive and new. This is achieved by breaking the ideal golden ratio of the type of beauty that is sought in traditional fashion and by relocating and recontextualising via the bricolage of absurdity, a reversal of minority and reckless editing that is intended in ordinary and universal styles found in everyday life.

THE BEAUTY OF JINAS IN THE BOOK OF MIRQAT AL-MAHABBAH

Mirqat al-Mahabbah is a monumental work of a great scholar, KH. Aon Abdul Majid who was well-known as Ajengan Aon from Singaparna – Tasikmalaya and lived during the Indonesian independence struggle (1890-1934). This book is presented in Arabic language, laden with the beauty of the sentences. Using Ilmu Badi’ , the beauty of a sentence can be derived either from the “words” which is called al-Muhassinat al-Lafzhiyyah , and/ or the beauty that derived from the “meaning” known as al-Muhassinat al-Maknawiyah . Among the types of beauty referencing the words are jinas, iqtibas and saja'. This study focuses on discussing the beauty of the phrases/ sentences in Mirqat al-Mahabbah only from jinas . The results indicate the varieties of jinas diverse in the book, thus symbolizing the aesthetic of such literary work.

(DES)CONSTRUÇÃO DA BELEZA FEMININA

Campanhas de beleza destinadas ao público feminino costumam ser marcadas por estereótipos de beleza inatingíveis para a mulher comum. No entanto, a campanha “Retratos da Real Beleza”, de Dove, lançada em 2013, corpus deste artigo, possui como proposta valorizar todos os tipos de beleza femininos. Sob o fundamento teórico-metodológico da Análise do Discurso, especialmente nos estudos de Maingueneau (1997, 2008, 2013, 2014), que discorre sobre cenas de enunciação, cenografia e ethos discursivo, propomos investigar a construção da cenografia e do ethos discursivo feminino nessa campanha. Os resultados da análise indicam uma ruptura nos discursos presentes na sociedade no que diz respeito à percepção da mulher em relação a sua própria beleza.